River Processes and Landforms - created from Mind Map

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River Features

Stages in a river's course

River processes of Erosion

The river deposits its load when:

River Transportation

Features of the Youthful Stage

Features of the Mature Stage

Features of the Old Stage

People Interfere with rivers by building dams or man-made levees

Rivers interfere with people by flooding.

Advantages of river valleys to people

Source

Tributary

Confluence

Mouth

River Basin

Watershed

The point where a river begins

A small river or stream that joins up with a larger one

The point at which a tributary joins the river

The point where a river enters the sea

An entire area drained by a river and its tributaries

High ground that separates one river basin from another

Youthful Stage(lower course)

Mature Stage(middle course)

Old stage(upper course)

The river has a steep gradient (slope)

The valley has a narrow floor and steep sides

The river has a gentler gradient

The valley has a wider floor and the sides are more gently sloping.

The river has an almost flat gradient

The valley has a wide, flat floor and gentle sides

Hydraulic action

Abrasion

Attrition

The force of the moving water that helps break up rock over time.

When the material(the load) carried along by the river hits its banks and bed, wearing them away.

The rounding of pebbles, stones when they hit off each other and the river bed as they move downstream.

It loses speed and has less energy.

The river's volume decreases.

It enters a flat or gently sloping plain.

It flows into a lake or the sea.

Suspension

Saltation

Traction

Solution

Particles are lifted and carried by the river water.

Particles are bounced along the river bed.

Large stones are dragged or rolled along the river bed.

Some minerals, such as calcium carbonate (limestone), are dissolved in the water.

V-shaped valley

Interlocking spurs

Waterfalls

Gorge

Potholes

Wider Valley

Meanders

Narrow flood plain

Oxbow lake

Levees

Delta

Large Meanders

High banks along the river's channel. They form from river deposits

Form where some rivers enter the sea. They are often triangular in shape. They form from river deposits, which are deposited when the river slows down as it enters the sea

1. Towns, villages and individual houses may be flooded when rivers overflow their banks

2. Crops such as cereals and hay may be damaged on flood plains

3. Floods may sweep away bridges, walls and people's homes

1. Flood plains are used to grow some kinds of crops and rear animals for food

2.Level land in valleys is used to build towns and cities

3. Early settlers used riverside sites for water supply, food supply and transport facilities on the river.

4. Norman settlers used rivers as a mode of defense around their castles

5. Shallow places in rivers were used as crossing points. Most of our towns and cities developed at crossing points