The motor and generator

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The electric motor

As the current passes around the loop of wire one side of the loop will experience an upward force and the other a downward one - it rotates. The split ring causes the connections to the supply through the brushes to swap over when the loop is vertical - the current flowing through each side of the loop changes direction.

The wire at the top is pushed downwards and the wire at the bottom is pushed upwards - the loop carries on turning.

* The arrangement of the brushes and the split ring changes the direction of the current flowing through the loop every half turn - ensures continuous rotation.

The generator:

As the coil rotates its wires cut through the magnetic field lines - current is induced.

The wires move up through the field and down for each turn of the coil - current induced flows in one direction and then the other (alternating current - produced by an alternator).