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iMINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

The naturally occurring substance that has a definite composition is known as a mineral.

They are concentrated ( dense ) in some areas or rock formations.

They are found in areas inaccessible. eg. artic ocean bed and Antarctica.

They are found in different geological areas.

They are created due to natural processes and without human interference.

They can be identified on the basis of their physical properties such as color, density, Hardness and chemical property such as solubility.

TYPES OF MINERALS

Minerals - Metallic and non-metallic

metallic- ferrous and non-ferrous

Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form. metals are hard substances which are good conductors of heat and electricity.

examples; iron ore, bauxite, manganese.

METALLIC- FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS

FERROUS- Iron ore, manganese and chromites contain iron.

Non-FERROUS - Does not contain iron but contain some other metal.

eg. Gold, silver, copper or lead.

NON-METALLIC- Do not contain metals.

eg. Limestone, mica, and gypsum.

Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also Non-metallic.

Minerals can be extracted in the following ways :

quarrying

drilling

mining - Open-cast mining; Shaft mining

QUARRYING - Minerals that lie near the surface are simply just dug out and this process is known as quarrying.

MINING- The process of taking out the minerals which are buried inside the earth is known as mining.

DRILLING- deep wells are bored to them out and this is known as drilling

OPEN-CAST MINING- the minerals which lie down at shallow depths are just taken out by taking a surface layer.

SHAFT MINING - Deep bored which are called bores are made to reach the minerals which lie at great depths.

DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS

MINERALS OCCUR IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS

METALLIC MINERALS- IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS WHICH FORM PLATEAUS.

Eg. Iron ore in north Sweden

copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada

Iron, nickel, copper, chromites, and platinum in South Africa.

NON-METALLIC MINERALS- SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WHICH FORM PLAINS AND YOUNG FOLD MOUNTAINS.

eg. Limestone deposits of Caucasus, France.

Manganese Deposits of Georgia

Ukraine and phosphate Bed of Algeria

Coal and petroleum- Sedimentary strata.

ASIA

China and India have Iron ore deposits

China, Malaysia, Indonesia are the leading tin producers

China is also Producer of lead, antimony, and tungsten.

asia also has deposits of manganese, Bauxite, nickel, zinc, and copper.

EUROPE

Europe is the leading producer of iron ore in the world.

Large deposits of iron ore are found in Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, France.

Deposits Of copper, Nickel, lead, zinc, manganese etc.. are found in eastern Europe and European Russia.

NORTH AMERICA