Energy Part 1

Seite 1

Case Study

Industry and pollution in LEDC

Despite of the development has been seen especially to some industrial sector in India and China, two of this country has been suffer from pollution.

China has been using coal energy and dependent on it for generating electricity. However, the resource is the cheapest and dirtiest forms of energy

Approximately, for about 400, 000 Chinese people died each year from diseases related to air pollution

Health problem such as having difficulties in breathing, lung cancer and also asthma

Facts: 16 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are China

In India, there were about 2000 factories in Delhi discharged untreated waste into the River Yamuna which accounted about 71% of pollution.

Pollution is coming from detergent, textile, engineering and auto factories. Therefore, it will lead to Water pollution which polluted the river.

Government had taken action where the Supreme court banned the discharge of untreated waste into the river to stop the pollution

Other agency such as Ford India treats all the waste water from its plant so that it can be reuse, whereas other waste products are sold and recycle

Seite 2

Case study:

Industrial impact in Brunei Darussalam

Brunei have tried to be more less dependent on Oil and Natural Gas industry as they believe that it might run out and the resources are not renewable.

Therefore, government is seeking for other resources on projecting the economy of Brunei. Example such as farming, fishing as well tourism industry.

Over the years, these sectors have contributed some to the overall national income of the country. Moreover, through government help these sectors have been showing a great in increase in production and moving towards making Brunei to be more self-sufficient.

However, there are several environmental issues that have been raised in relation to industrial activities going on in Brunei. It includes:

Deforestation from excessive logging activities which leads to other problems such as soil erosion, flooding, less concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere that eventually lead to a sudden increase in temperature (global warming).

Illegal disposal of waste into the river and sea from fishing activities by other industries are known to cause water pollution.

Emission of harmful gases from manufacturing industry as well as from oil and gas industry can cause air pollution.

Leakage from offshore oil pipes also can cause water pollution that killed marine life which leading to an extinction of both animal and plant life.

Measurement to reduce an impact of industrial pollution

Converting the waste into something useful such as converting methanol waste into fertilisers. e.g. SPARK

Imposing fines on any improper disposal of waste such as into the river as well those tourists who violate the regulations imposed on tourist attraction sites.

Regular maintenance especially over offshore pipes in order to reduce the incidence of leakage.

To increase public awareness among the people on the impact of industrial activity on the environment

Seite 3

Types of energy

2 different forms of energy

Non-renewable energy

Coal

Petroleum (crude oil)

Natural gas

Nuclear power

Renewable energy

Solar energy

Wind energy

Geothermal energy

Tidal energy

Hydroelectric energy

Biomass energy

Energy is used by the

Transportation sector such as train, aeroplane, bus, taxi, ferry

Industry sector such as factories, oil and gas industries

Commerce sector such as shopping complex

Agriculture sector such as high-tech farming, machineries

Residential sector such as housing scheme

How energy is used within the residential/commercial sector?

Insulation - Keeping rooms at comfortable temperatures

Heating water for hand washing, bathing

Lighting

Power electrical and electronic appliances

Washing machine

Factors that influence the type of energy used

Level of technology

Size of market

Availability of alternative energy sources

Demand

Impact on environment

Supply

Cost of production

Government policy

Transport and accessibility

The factors that influence the site of power stations

main factors influencing the siting of Thermal Power Stations

Nearness to the source of good quality raw material

Nearness to cooling water supply from rivers, lakes, seas and oceans

Nearness to the market

Availability of infrastructure such as good transport network (roads, railways) for fuel deliveries and telecommunications

Availability of flat land - flood plain, coastal plain to facilitate construction of plant and infrastructure