1. Notes on Matter

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Properties of Materials

Strength

Thermal conductivity

Electrical conductivity

Brittleness, malleability and ductility

Magnetic properties

Density

Melting point

Boiling point

1. Mixtures- Is a physical combination of two/more substances, where these substances are not bonded to each other.

Substances that make up mixtures:

Are not in fixed ratio

Keep their chemical properties

Can be separated by physical methods

Homogeneous mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures

1. Is uniform 1.Is not uniform

2. Different components of the mixture cannot be seen 2.Composition is not definite

3. consists of solute and solvent 3. consists of substances that are visibly different and are in different states

E.g. sugar dissolved in water E.g. Mixture of sand and water

2. Pure Substances- Any material that is not a mixture

1. Have definite physical and chemical properties

2. Definite composition

Element Compound

A substance that only consists of one type of particle Consists of two or more atoms of different elements that are chemically bonded

1) Is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances through chemical means. 1) A chemical compound that forms when two/more atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio.

2) Smallest unit of elements are atoms. 2) Compounds have own unique properties & does not have properties of the individual elements that make up the compound

Elements are separated into:

Metals Non-Metals Metalloids

1) Malleable 1) Brittle and break easily 1) have some properties of metals and non-metals

2) Ductile 2) Thermal and electrical insulators 2) Conducts electricity and heat but not as well as metals

3) Thermal conductors 3) Dull 3) brittle and look shiny

4) electrical conductors

5) Sonorous and have a ringing sound

Metals are separated into:

Magnetic Non-magnetic

1) A metal that is attracted or repelled by a permanent magnet 1) Non-magnetic metals are not attracted to magnets

2) A metal is Ferromagnetic if it can be magnetized[ made into a magnet] E.g. copper(Cu), Manganese(Mn), Tin(Sn)

3) A magnetic alloy is a combination of metals that contain 1 of the 3 main magnetic elements:

iron(Fe), nickel(Ni), Cobalt(Co)

4) E.g. Magnetic alloy: Steel= carbon and iron

Uses of Magnetic materials

1. A compass is a magnetized needle that is free to move.

2.Credit, Debit and ATM cards have a magnetic strip on one side. This strip stores all info. about account holder.

3. Speakers use magnetism to convert electrical signals into the sound we hear.

4. Hospitals use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to identify problems in patients organs.

Matter