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Components of a Manufacturing System

A Classification Scheme for Manufacturing Systems

Overview of the Classification System

Manufacturing System definition

Production machines

Material handling system

Computer system to coordinate and/or control the preceding components

Human workers to operate and manage the system

Manually operated machines are controlled or supervised by a human worker

Semi-automated machines perform a portion of the work cycle under some form of program control, and a worker tends the machine the rest of the cycle

Fully automated machines operate for extended periods of time with no human attention

Loading work units at each station

Positioning work units at each station

Unloading work units at each station

Transporting work units between stations in multi-station systems

Temporary storage of work units

Communicate instructions to workers

Download part programs to computer-controlled machines

Manual system

Fully automated system

Human perform some or all of the value-added work needed to produce the parts or products.

Direct labor is still needed to perform activities such as loading and unloading parts, changing tools, and resharpening tools.

Types of operations

Number of workstations

System layout

Automation and manning level

Part or product variety

Processing versus assembly operations

Type(s) of materials processed

Size and weight of work units

In systems with fixed routing, workstations are usually arranged linearly

In systems with variable routing, a variety of layouts are possible

Manually operated

Semi-automated

Fully automated

Single-model case - all parts or products are identical

Batch-model case - different parts or products are produced by the system, but they are produced in batches because changeovers are required

Mixed-model case - different parts or products are produced by the system, but the system can handle the differences without the need for time-consuming changes in setup

A collection of integrated equipment and human resources, whose function is to perform one or more processing and/or assembly operations on a starting raw material, part, or set of parts