CHAPTER 8 NOTES SABIS CHEMISTRY Molecules in the gas phase

Electron Dot Representation (lewis diagrams)

Electron dot representation of atoms: consists of the chemical symbol for the element surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons. The chemical symbol represents the atom's nucleus and the non-valence (core electrons).

Electron dot representation of cations

Electron dot representation of anions: The gained electrons are paired with the original valence electrons and represented in a different symbol.

Electron dot cross diagram of ionic compounds a) Decide on the atoms required, the number of each and the electronic structure. b) Assume complete transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with noble gas electronic structure. c) Show only the outer energy level electronic structure. Draw square brackets around each ion and show its charge

Electron dot cross diagrams of covalent compounds

Electron dot cross diagrams of elements

Hybridization

sp hybridization 

sp2 hybridization

sp3– hybridization

Beryllium and boron are said to be electron deficient in their compounds

Summary of bonding orbitals, molecular shapes and bond angles:   

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