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Different understandings of the Soul: Key Words
Karten in diesem Stapel (26)
- 1Plato (428-347 BCE)A believer in the immortality of the soul.
- 2The PhaedoA book by Plato, which argues that the soul is immaterial and does not occupy space.
- 3The Republic and PhaedrusTwo books in which Plato argues that the human soul is made up of three parts: the rational, the appetitive (your desires/ appetites) and the emotive (emotions).
- 4SimmiasA character in the Phaedo who says that the relation between body and soul may be like that between a lyre and the music it produces. Socrates disputes this
- 5CebesA character in the Phaedo who asks, couldn’t the relation between body and soul be like that between clothes and the wearer?
- 6Aristotle (384–322 BCE)Thought that the soul was the Form of the body, but in complete contrast to Plato, he merely thinks this means the organising principle.
- 7De Anima (On the Soul)The book in which Aristotle integrates his account of the soul with his theory of the four causes.
- 8Active mind or Active intellectThe most controversial topic in De Anima. Aristotle suggests it could be immortal.
- 9Substance DualismThe idea that a human consists of a material body and an immaterial soul.
- 10Rene Descartes (1596-1650).In his Meditations (1641), a major proponent of substance dualism.
- 11Disembodied consciousnessHuman consciousness separate from the body.
- 12Out Of Body Experiences (OOBEs)Experiences of disembodied consciousness.
- 13Near Death Experiences (NDEs)Experiences of what happens to a person at or near death.
- 14MaterialismIn the philosophy of mind, the claim that mind can be exhaustively explained in terms of physical facts.
- 15Mind-Brain Identity TheoryThe idea that mind is nothing more than the brain.
- 16ReincarnationThe idea that the human soul transmigrates from human body to body, as each body dies. A type of substance dualism.
- 17Ockham’s RazorA method of choosing between arguments or positions. States that ‘entities should not be multiplied needlessly’.
- 18A category errorOccurs when someone takes the attributes properly belonging to one thing and talks about them as if they belong to another thing.
- 19Gilbert RyleAuthor of The Concept of Mind (1949). Held that all references to the mind are really references to brain states. Invented the term ‘category error’.
- 20Franz Brentano (1838-1917).A major critic of Mind-Brain Identity Theory.
- 21IntentionalityThe property of ‘aboutness’ which, according to Brentano, mental states possess and physical phenomena don’t. Proves mind and brain cannot be the same thing.
- 22‘The Makropulos Case’A paper by Bernard Williams discussing the supposed downside of eternal life.
- 23Richard Dawkins (1941- )Thinks that “soul” is just another word for
“consciousness” and that scientists will eventually be able to understand it. - 24Is Science Killing the Soul?The debate about the soul that Dawkins engaged in, giving rise to his notion of Souls One and Two.
- 25“Soul One”Dawkins’s term for “The principle of thought and action in man commonly regarded as an entity distinct from the body.”
- 26“Soul Two”Dawkins’s term for “the principle of life in man or animals - animate existence ... an entity close to what we usually call ‘consciousness’.”
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- RS A LEVEL OCR
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- Gelöschter Nutzer · Jan 2018
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- 17 Jan 2018
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