Is Anatomy Destiny?

Is Anatomy Destiny?

1. Biology: Foundation (Not sure what I meant by this)

   • Criteria: Critical Periods. Kitten studies. Orphans in countries with high amount of orphans. Language (4-5 years old)
   • Visual Cues: Appearance (genitals). Baby X studies.

2. Anatomy: Genitalia, Chromosomes, Hormones

   • Sex differentiation happens in two stages
     • In the first 6 weeks of gestation (first trimester) all fetuses are “bi-potential”
       • Androgen wash interacts with chromosomes.
         • In the second trimester, the brain development of sex develops.
   • Hormones: all human beings have estrogen, androgens, and testosterone.
     • On average, men have higher testosterone and women have higher estrogen
       • Asian men on average have lower levels of testosterone than American women.
       • There is no link between hormones and behavior.
         • Human behavior is contextual. Socially acceptable means of aggression: men= violence, women = language.
   • Chromosomes: expected pattern is XX, XY. 46 chromosomes total, 23 from each parent.
     • Chromosomal anomalies are from disjunctures in sperm production.
       • Possible Anomalies: XO, XXX, XXY, XYY
         • XO: Turner Syndrome. Don’t develop sex organs. Feminized genitalia. Take estrogen to mimic puberty. No social differences than other females.
         • XXX: Triple X, Trisomy. Feminized external genitalia. Taller than average female. Mild learning disabilities. Some have issues in puberty. No significant differences.
         • XXY: Klinefelter Syndrome. Genitalia is masculine. Smaller than average penises, but not micro-penises. Voices don’t deepen. Do not grow body hair. No social differences than other men.
         • XYY: Jacob’s Syndrome. Similar to Trisomy. Taller than average male. Mild learning disabilities. (Social expectations= petty crimes, prison)
   • Hormonal anomalies (in XX, XY)
     • Adrenogenital Syndrome. XX Masculine genitals. Inside: female. Outside: enlarged clitoris, labia fused. No social differences.
       • Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. XY outside: female genitalia. Raised as girls. No puberty. No internal sex organs. No differences socially.