CHAPTER 6 NEW

A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called

Even though you really dislike wearing a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an example of

In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request, while privately disagreeing is called

When our behavior is a result of our boss telling us to do something, it is a form of

If you clean your room only because your parents order you to, your behavior is a form of

Acting in accord with a direct order is called

After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of

Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called

_______ sometimes follows compliance

After hearing so much about the dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and seeing numbers of people quit the habit, Jacob finally realizes that smoking is dangerous and therefore he quits. His behavior is an example of

A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn, this is an example of

In his classic study of _______, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room

Studies involving _______ most clearly demonstrate how social influence can take the form of acceptance

Milgram's studies explored _______; Asch's studies explored _______

Several restaurant managers complied with orders from a telephone caller, posing as a police officer, to strip search a customer or employee. This is an example of the power of _______ on compliance

The copycat suicide phenomenon is most likely to occur

A year after his original study, Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process involved was really

In the spring of 1954, Seattle residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. According to the text, the true cause of public concern was most likely

Chartrand and Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment who worked alongside another person who occasionally rubbed her face were unwittingly more likely to rub their face. They called this

The spread of bodily complaints within a school or workplace with no organic basis for the symptoms is called

Sherif is to the study of _______ as Asch is to the study of _______

How did Asch's studies of conformity differ from those of Sherif?

While control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99% of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others ___ % of the time

According to the text, Asch's experiments lacked _______ but did possess _______

Asch's conformity experiments showed that most people

The results of both the Sherif and Asch studies are startling because their studies did not employ any

The most famous and controversial experiments in social psychology were conducted by

The experimenter in Milgram's study used all EXCEPT which of the following verbal prods to encourage participants to continue?

When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit, they were given

When Milgram asked 100 psychiatrists, college students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought _______ would _______

When Milgram conducted his first series of experiments with a sample of 20- to 50-year-old men, he found that over 60 percent of them

In follow-up experiments to his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition,

A psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram's participants a year after their participation concluded that

In light of the Milgram studies, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determined obedience?

In a variation of the Milgram study, the learner was in the same room as the teacher. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed to 450 volts

In a variation of the Milgram study, teachers were required to force the learner's hand into contact with a shock plate. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed

Consistent with what is known about depersonalization, Lydon and Dunkel-Schetter (1994) found that expectant women expressed more _______ to their pregnancies after seeing an ultrasound photo of the fetus

In Milgram's research, when the experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person, full obedience

In one variation of his original experiment, Milgram arranged for a confederate "clerk" (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence. As a result of this manipulation,

In a study by Hofling and his colleagues (1966), 22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose. Results showed that

When Milgram's experimental series was reenacted in Bridgeport, Connecticut, far from the prestige and authority of Yale University, the proportion of participants who fully complied with orders to shock the learner _______ compared to the Yale rate

A fad such as tattoos are an example of

Interpreting events differently after hearing from others is what social psychologists call

Doing as others do is what social psychologists call

_______ occurs when soldiers or employees follow questionable orders, such as when nurses willingly follow a physician's order to give a patient a dangerously high dosage of medication

You decide to pierce your tongue after all your friends have. This is an example of

Although you did not like it when you first saw it alone, you go to the same movie with a friend for a second time. After she raves about it, you decide that it wasn't so bad after all. Your interpreting events differently after hearing your friend's opinion is called

As an example of the liberating effects of group influence, ___ % of the participants in a variation of Milgram's study conformed to the confederate's behavior when the confederates defied the experimenter

During the 1970s, the military junta in power in Greece initially selected candidates for officers based on their submission to authority. The candidates were first asked to guard prisoners, then to observe torture, and then to eventually practice torture. This process demonstrates how _______ can breed _______

Normative influence leads to compliance, especially for those

A concern for _______ produces normative influence, while a concern for _______ produces informational influence

If we were to conclude that Milgram's obedient participants were particularly hostile and aggressive people, we would be

Research on group size and conformity has shown that

According to conformity research, a group's social power is deflated when it loses its

The extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another, is called

The relationship between the degree to which a group is cohesive and the degree to which the group has power over its members is a _______ one

Group members who feel attracted to the group are more responsive to its influence. This fact illustrates the impact of _______ on conformity

Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate _______ in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate

Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate decreases in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate, especially if the non-jaywalker is well dressed. This is an example of the power of _______ on conformity

In experiments, people have been found to conform more when they must _______ than when they must _______

After President Bush announced his position regarding a possible war with Iraq, he was unlikely to change his mind. This most likely reflects the

In calling sports decisions, umpires and referees rarely change their decisions as a result of a player's objection. This may be an example of how

Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became _______ likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge

Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge. This is an example of how

Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain their acceptance, is called

Conformity that occurs when people accept evidence about reality that is provided by other people is called

When we go along with the crowd and act counter to our own beliefs and values, we are conforming because of

Although he made a promise to himself to not take illegal drugs, Tom gave into peer pressure at a party to smoke marijuana because he did not want to be rejected by the others. Tom's conformity is a result of

Conformity is greater when people respond publicly before a group. This pattern reflects

Conformity is greater when people feel incompetent. This pattern reflects

Which of the following is NOT an example of informational influence?

According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are

The degree to which personality predicts our behavior is _______ related to the degree to which social influences predict our behavior

Researchers have explored several areas in search of the factors affecting conformity. Which of the following is one of those areas?

When the influence of the situation is _______, the consequent behavior is more likely to be a result of _______

Which of the following statements about cross-cultural research on conformity is true?

Which of the following statements is TRUE of conformity and obedience?

Compared to people in individualistic countries, those in collectivist countries are

Compared to Euro-American cultures, Asian cultures are more likely to teach their children

. A social role is

When Regina returned to the U.S. after two years in Madagascar, she felt uncomfortable and out of place. She was experiencing

High school students Aisha and Jared have been dating each other casually. When Aisha parents tell her to stop seeing Jared and ask her to go out with "nicer boys," Aisha announces that she and Jared are actually "in love" and have decided to go steady. Aisha's behavior most likely illustrates the effects of

Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes. This response is predicted by

The high rate of underage drinking may be related to

The names we choose for our children often express our

Ahmed generally likes to go home to visit his family during vacation. However, after his father tells him that he must be home during spring vacation, Ahmed decides to remain at college. Ahmed's behavior is best understood in terms of

Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was _______ for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age

Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was lower for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age. This exemplifies which of the following concepts?

the self-serving bias

The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is known as

The psychological reactance theory may help explain why

In a study by Snyder (1980), students who were told that their personal attitudes were nearly identical to those of 10,000 other students _______ when they participated in a conformity experiment

A study conducted by Snyder and Fromkin (1980) revealed that people feel better when they see themselves as

When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their gender

Rivalry between groups is often most intense when the groups

According to Myers, an unchallenged assumption in individualistic Western nations is that _______ is good and _______ is bad