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Fetal Yr 1 pathology focus :)

Gelöschter Nutzer 65 Fragen Aktualisiert am 13 Mär 2018

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1How much Vitamin D should you take during pregnancy?
1. A10 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
2. B400 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
3. C100 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
4. D10 mg every day during 1st trimester
5. E100 mg every day during 1st trimester
6. F400mg every day during 1st trimester
2Why is Folic Acid important?
1. ASignificantly reduces chances of neural tube birth defects
2. Bimproves brain functionality and development of fetus
3. CHelps maintain pregnancy
4. DReduces chances of polydactyl
3How much folic acid during pregnancy?
1. A400mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
2. B400mg everyday throughout pregnancy
3. C40mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
4. D40mg everyday throughout pregnancy
5. E400 mg everyday for the first few weeks of each trimester
4Which are characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus?
1. ASystolic murmur loudest in upper left sternal border
2. Brespiratory distress
3. Creduced oxygen saturation
4. Dhigh fever
5. Eextensive crying
6. Fsternal swelling
5What does the ductus venosus shunt allow?
1. Ablood from the fetus' heart to bipass the liver
2. Bblood from the placenta to bypass the liver
3. Cblood from the fetus' heart to bypass the lungs
4. Dblood from the placenta to bypass the lungs
6What are the fetal heart shunts?
1. Aductus arteriosus
2. Bductus venous
3. Cforamen ovale
4. Dductus deferens
5. Eductus foramen
6. Fductus thramensus
7What regarding fetal circulation is true?
1. Avasoconstriction in pulmonary circulation
2. Bmost important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: heart
3. Cmost important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: brain
4. DBlood "recieved" by heart in right atrium
5. EHigher pressure in left atrium than right atrium
6. Foxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood kept strictly separate
8How does right atrial deoxygenated blood streaming occur?
1. ASuperior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
2. BInferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
3. CSuperior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> upper body
4. DInferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> upper body
5. ESuperior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> lower body
6. FInferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
9How does streaming of oxygenated blood occur?
1. AInferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
2. BSuperior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
3. CInferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
4. DSuperior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
10Whats the purpose of Foramen Ovale
1. Aallows flow of blood between right and left atriums because right atrium has more pressure than left atrium
2. Ballows flow of blood between right and left atriums because left atrium has more pressure than right atrium
3. Callows blood to bypass the liver
4. Dallows blood to bypass the lungs

11What is NOT correct regarding ductus arteriosus?
1. Aallows blood from the pulmonary artery to descending artery
2. Ballows blood from the pulmonary artery to ascending artery
3. Cprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) controls the patency of ductus arteriosus
4. Dallows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
12Infants with Down's syndrome should be checked for hearing, ECG for congenital heart disease, and eye abilities before 6 months of age
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
13
What leads to lungs activation?
1. AFirst breath--> oxygen pressure rises--> pulmonary vasodilation
2. Bplacenta circulation cut off--> left heart pressure increases
3. Cright heart pressure decreases
4. Dforamen ovale closes
5. Eductus arteriosus closes immediately upon first breath
6. Ffurther decrease in left heart pressure
7. Gsurfactant proteins and enzymes actiavte upon increased oxygen pressure
14Foramen Ovale becomes what post-parturition?
1. AFossa Ovale
2. BForamen Ovalum
3. CForamen Ovale
4. DForamen Fossa
15Ductus Arteriosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
16Ductus Venosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
17What to remember regarding patent ductus arteriosus?
1. Acommon with pre-term infants
2. Bcommon with maternal Rubella infection
3. Cproblems with PGE2 receptors can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
4. Dlow oxygen can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
5. Ecommon with "late" babies
6. Fcommon in multiple births
7. Gmay have apnea or tachypnea
8. HECG is how to diagnose
9. IUltrasound is how to diagnose
10. JNSAIDS (Indomethicin) can induce closure of patent ductus arteriosus
18Malfunction in lungs' surfactant production can lead to baby struggling to breathe and problems in oxygen saturation
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
19What is inadequate production of surfactant in the baby's lungs known as?
1. AInfant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)
2. BSurfactant Deficiency Syndrome (SID)
3. CHypopneumocytomia
4. DNeonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
5. EInfant Lung Collapse
6. FTetralogy of Fallot
20What is part of the presentation of Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
1. Acommonly pre-term delivery
2. Bpresents quickly after birth
3. Ccan rapidly progress to hypoxia, fatugue or apnea
4. Ddetectable in the womb
5. Ewheezing noises
21How may you prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome?
1. AAntenatal corticosteroids
  EX: Dexamethasone
2. BDelaying Labor
  EX: Atosiban
3. CInducing Labor
  Ex: Oxytocin drips
4. DNSAIDS
  Ex: Indomethacin
5. EPlacing mother on ventilator during labor
22Not all ectopic pregnancies must be surgically/immediately removed as not all are dangerous
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
23What is an Ectpic pregnancy?
1. Awhen the egg implants elsewhere than in the uterus
2. Bwhen benign tumor in uterus tricks body into thinking its a pregnancy
3. Cwhen 8 ovums are simultaneously implanted
4. DA pregnancy in pre-menopause
24Which is not a prominent risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
1. Afertility treatment
2. Bsmokers
3. Colder age (more than 30)
4. Dprevious spontaneous miscarriages
5. Ethe combined pill
25Methotrexate can terminate ectopic pregnancies
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
26How does ectopic pregnancy present
1. Aamenorrhea
2. Babdominal pain
3. Cvaginal bleeding
4. Dbreast tenderness
5. Epalpable mass
6. Fdysmenorrhea
7. Gfluctuating temperature
8. Habdominal edema
9. Ipain and swelling in extremities ex: ankles
27What is spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks?
1. AMiscarriage
2. BAbortion
3. Cpre-parturition death
28What type of miscarriage?

Cervical os (exocervix): closed
Bleeding: mild
Pain: mild
1. Athreatened miscarriage
2. Binevitable miscarriage
3. Cmissed miscarriage
4. Dcomplete miscarriage
5. Eincomplete miscarriage
29What type miscarriage?
Bleeding: heavy, clotting
Pain: Intense
Cervical Os: Open
1. AInevitable Miscarriage
2. BThreatned Miscarriage
3. CIncomplete Miscarriage
4. DComplete Miscarriage
5. EMissed Miscarriage
30What is characteristic of a missed miscarriage?
1. ADead fetus within womb
2. BClosed cervical os
3. CNone-mild bleeding
4. DNone-mild pain
5. EOpen cervical os
6. FHeavy bleeding
7. GHeavy-medium pain
8. HFetus expelled/disintegrated early on
9. IRemains are removed surgically
31WIth close monitoring of the mother, a threatned abortion means that a miscarriage might not happen
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
32As soon as she learns that it is an inevitable miscarriage, mother will undergo an abortion pronto
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
33As there is still some leftover tissue in incomplete miscarriages, surgical removal necessary
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
34What is the maternal portion of the placenta known as?
1. Adecidua basalis
2. Bchorion
3. Cduodenum
4. Damnion
35What does the placenta metabolize?
1. Aglycogen
2. Bfatty acids
3. Ccholestrol
4. Dglyucose
5. Ematernal hemoglobin (convert into fetal hemoglobin)
6. Fproteins
36What does the placenta transport?
1. AIgGs
2. BUrea and uric acid
3. CIron
4. DOxygen
5. ECarbon Dioxide
6. FGlucose
7. GAmino Acids
8. Hsome drugs/metabolites
  Ex: nicotine, alocohol
9. IIgEs
10. JSodium
37What hormones does the placenta produce?
1. AHCG
2. BHPL
3. Cestrogens
4. DCorticotropin releasing hormone
5. EProlactin
6. FProgesterone
7. GDopamine
8. HOxytocin
9. IGnRH
10. JFSH
38"Antepartum haemorrhage is defined as any [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] bleeding from the [blank_start]24th[blank_end] week of gestation until [blank_start]delivery[blank_end]"
1. A24
2. Bdelivery
3. Cvaginal
39Placenta abruption is the [blank_start]premature[blank_end] separation of a normally placed placenta [blank_start]before delivery[blank_end] of the fetus, with [blank_start]blood[blank_end] collecting between the placenta and the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end].
1. Apremature
2. Bpartial
3. Clate
4. Dbefore delivery
5. Eduring development
6. Fafter birth
7. Gblood
8. Hlymph
9. Iamniotic fluid
10. Juterus
11. Kbladder
12. Lyolk sac
13. Mamniotic sac
40[blank_start]Placenta previa[blank_end] exists when the placenta is inserted wholly or in part [blank_start]into the lower segment of the uterus[blank_end].
1. APlacenta previa
2. BPlacenta abruption
3. CPre-eclampsia
4. Dcovering the endocervix
5. Eover the uterus upper part
6. Fsuffocating the baby
7. Gentwines with the umbilical cord
41What's important regarding placenta previa?
1. APainless bright red bleeding
2. BBleeding visible during third trimester usually
3. Cshould NOT do manual pelvic examination
4. Dshould NOT do ultrasound
5. EC-section unless very minor placenta previa
6. Fpainful vaginal bleeding
7. Gabdominal pain
42How might uterine atony present as?
1. Aafebrile
2. Blarge boggy/soggy uterus
3. Cmild distress
4. Dvaginal bleeding and clotting
5. Etight rigid/stiffened uterus
6. Fabdominal edema
7. Gabdominal pain
43Postpartum Hemmorhage is excessive bleeding post delivery. [blank_start]Primary[blank_end] Postpartum Hemmorhage is 500<ml within [blank_start]24 hours[blank_end] after birth. [blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] is [blank_start]post-24 hours[blank_end] to [blank_start]six weeks[blank_end] post-partum. It can be caused by [blank_start]infection[blank_end], [blank_start]endometritis[blank_end], and [blank_start]retained products of conception.[blank_end]
1. APrimary
2. BTertiary
3. CSecondary
4. D24 hours
5. E48 hours
6. F2 weeks
7. GSecondary
8. HPrimary
9. ITertiary
10. Jpost-24 hours
11. Kpost-48 hours
12. Lpost 2 weeks
13. Msix weeks
14. N1 year
15. O2 weeks
16. Pinfection
17. Qcold/fever
18. Rearly labor
19. Sendometritis
20. Tperitonitis
21. Uapendicitis
22. Vretained products of conception.
23. Wmiscarriage
24. Xstress
44What fetal positions are normal?
1. Alongitudinal
2. Bcephalic
3. Cbreech
4. Doblique
5. Etransverse
6. Focciput-anterior
7. Gocciput-posterior
45Uterine atony can be treated with [blank_start]oxytocin infusion[blank_end]. It is one of the most common causes of primary post-partum hemorrhage. The other is [blank_start]retained placenta.[blank_end] General causes of uterine atony are "pathology of the four T's:" [blank_start]tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin[blank_end]. Uterine atony can lead to hemorrhage because uterine contractions help with [blank_start]coagulability[blank_end] so lack can lead to extensive bleeding.
1. Aretained placenta.
2. Bretracted placenta
3. Cplacenta previa
4. Doxytocin infusion
5. Eatosiban
6. Fsynacthen
7. Gtone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin
8. Htemperature, tiredness, tone, trauma
9. Icoagulability
10. Janti-coagulability
46Descent of the baby is measured in comparison to...?
1. Aischial spines
2. Bsacrum
3. Cilliac crests
4. Dcoccyx
5. Eanterior superior illiac spines
47What is considered an abnormal APGAR score?
1. A7-9
2. B<7
3. C10
4. D<5
48What is FALSE regarding the APGAR test
1. Afirst test given to newborns to assess condition of baby
2. Bc-section can give a low score
3. Cfluid in the airways can give a low score
4. Ddifficulties during labor can give low score
5. Ehand and feet of baby commonly cold/blue-- professional's judgement needed
6. Fvaccination given to newborns to boost condition post birth
49Aneuploidy more common in maternal meoisis II
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
50What are the most common aneuploidies
1. Achromosome 18
2. Bchromosome 21
3. Cchromosome 13
4. Dchromosome 15
5. Echromosome 11
6. Fchromosome 9
51Characteristics of Down's Syndrome
1. Asome degree of learning difficulty
2. Bsingle palmar crease
3. Cbrachycephaly
4. Dprotruding tongue
5. Econgenital heart defects
6. Fbulging eyes
7. Gcreased forehead
8. Hlack of attention span
52Most babies born with Edward's are able to live adequately long.
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
53Patua's is basically incompatible with life: most die either miscarriage, stillborn, or in less than a week.
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
54Clinical key factors of Turner's Syndrome
1. AShort stature
2. BInfertility and ammenorhea
3. CWebbed neck
4. DUnderdeveloped breasts, usually lean
5. EAbnormal IQ
6. FIncreased risk for chronic conditions
7. GGenotype: X0
8. HGenotype: XXX
9. ITachycardia
55Which is not characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome
1. AXXY genotype
2. Bgynecomastia
3. Ccryptorchardism
4. Dfeminine physical traits (long slender legs and wider hips)
5. Eexcessive hair growth over body area and acne
56What is pre-eclampsia?
1. APregnancy induced hypertentsion and proteinurea after 20 weeks
2. BPregnancy induced hypertentsion after 20 weeks
3. CPregnancy induced proteinurea after 20 weeks
57How might pre-eclampsia present?
1. Aedema
2. Bsevere headache
3. Cright upper quadrant pain
4. Dvision problems
5. Ebrisk tendon reflex
6. Fleft upper quadrant pain
7. Ghearing problems
8. Hdizziness
9. Ipersistent tremors
58What's true regarding treatment of pre-eclampsia?
1. Aregardless of severity, admit into hospital
2. Bmoderate-severe: oral labetalol if blood pressure <150/100
3. Cvery close BP monitoring (check at least 4 times a day)
4. Drepeated tests of proteinurea
5. EBlood tests 2-3 times weekly
6. FBlood Thinners
  (Warfarin)
7. GNSAIDS, pain killers
8. Hsevere cases: magnesium sulphate intravenously
9. Isevere cases: antihypertensives-- labetabol, nifedipine
59You can "cure" pre-eclampsia
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
60Should aim to deliver baby early in case of pre-eclampsia
1. ARichtig
2. BFalsch
61Why can pre-eclampsia be a matter of concern? (choose BEST answer)
1. Amandatory precursor to eclampsia which endangers both mother and child as it can include seizures and blackouts due to poor blood perfusion
2. Bcan directly lead to heart failure and dysfunctionality
3. Ccan compromise development of the fetus
62Placenta Abruption presents as vaginal bleeding and [blank_start]abdominal[blank_end] pain. Uterine contractions, [blank_start]shock[blank_end], and [blank_start]fetal[blank_end] distress are also signs. In this case, management would be [blank_start]ABCD[blank_end]. Ensuring fetus was okay, [blank_start]c-section[blank_end] delivery. If fetal dead, [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] delivery.
1. Aabdominal
2. Blower back
3. Cwidespread pain
4. Dshock
5. Evaginal discharge
6. Ffetal
7. Gmaternal
8. Himmediate ABCD
9. Iimmediate surgical management
10. Jc-section
11. Kvaginal
12. LVaginal
13. MC-section
63What regarding the A in APGAR is correct?
1. Acomplete activity= 0 points
2. Btotal lack of action = 2 points
3. Ctotal lack of action = 0 points
4. Dcomplete activity= 2 points
5. Ecomplete activity= 1 point
6. Fflexed arm/leg = 1 point
7. Gflexed arm/leg = 2 point
8. Hflexed arm/leg = 0 point
64What gives you 2 points on the APGAR
1. APulse over = over 100 beats per min
2. BPulse over = over 80 beats per min
3. CGrimace= immediate response
4. DGrip= strong grip
5. EAppearance= pink
6. FAppearance= pink but extremities may be blue
7. GRespiration= immense crying
8. HRespiration= 15< breaths per minute
65Which is how proteinuria determined?
1. Aprotein:creatine ratio 30mg/mmol<
2. Bprotein:creatine ration 30mg/mmol>
3. Cprotein:serum ratio 50mg/mmol<
4. Dprotein:serum ration 50mg/mmol>
5. Eprotein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol>
6. Fprotein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol<

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Beschreibung: Courtesy of Dayo's teach--thank u!
Autor: Gelöschter Nutzer
Sprache: English
Aufrufe: 38
Verlauf: Erstellt am 7 Mär 2018 · aktualisiert am 13 Mär 2018
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Fetal Yr 1 pathology focus :)

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