Karteikarten
Origins Of Life II
Karten in diesem Stapel (27)
- 1LUCA components (6)Cells
Membranes
Basic metabolism
Nucleic Acids
Genetic Code
ATP - 2Why RNA world hypothesis feasible?as RNA can perform both catalysis and replication
- 3Why not DNA?No DNA-catalysed protein activity
Bacteria + Archaea have dif. rep. EZ, so DNA replication evolved after these groups split, must have something occurred before DNA. - 4What is the correlation btw. 1st base of codon and Biosynth pathway of the AA they encode? CAUC = AA from a-ketoglutarate
A = AA from oxaloacetate
U = AA from pyruvate - 5What is the correlation btw. 2nd base of codon and nature of AA they encode?A = hydrophilic AA
U = hydrophobic AA - 6How did these single AA bind?AA transfer to a larger strand which is more stable so E favourable.
- 7What proof exists that implies this process could've occurred in Early Earth?RNA Pol' occurs spontaneously in vents
- 8How is RNA pol' generated in vents?Convection and thermal currents silt-up vents w/ molecules inc. RNA
Thermal gradients act like PCR - 9What does RNA in conc. do?Get faster at replicating
so RNA strand gets longer - 10Evolution of riboproteinsRNA strand becomes
structural AND catalytic
Structural elements eventually become protein
Riboproteins evolve. - 11Why is it possible that DNA evolved from RNA?Can derive deoxyribose from ribose
Thymine from Uracil - 12Met processes are possible in vents due to these conditions: (5)Acid-Alkali (proton) gradients
Conc. Space
heat
H, H+ and redox precursors
Storable energy - 13AA and proteins can form because:Vent chambers contain precursor of AAs
Energy and redox ' support AA synthesis - 14AA can react w/ and be catalysed by DNA because:Vent chambers contain precursor of AAs
Energy and redox ' support AA synthesis - 15RNA can be complex and converted into DNA, which is:A stable heritable molecule for replicating processes.
- 16How are carbon compounds synthesised from scratch?By running TCA cycle in reverse
- 17Where does this process occur?In Archaea in Deep Sea Vents
- 18What conditions must be met?Given enough [compound] and a supply of ATP, cycle will run on its own.
- 19What is the Martin-Russell Theory?Acetyl thioesters e.g. AcCoA -> pyruvic acid
-> acetyl phosphate - 20How did they do this?By producing an ETC to harness internal proton gradient
- 21Why is ATP an improvement of this?Much better at harnessing the redox ' of Alkali vents
- 22What did IM proteins allow?Lose of dependency on having an external alkaline environment
- 23Why are mineral cells suitable wombs for the creation of protocells? (6)Concentration
"Stable" environment
Redox pt.
Catalysts (Fe-S)
Concentration of nucleic acids
A sub-structure for chemical reactants - 24How are early membranes thought to have arisen?proteinaceous membrane from a froth of Fe-S bubbles around alkali vents
Could have been internal linings that then developed into external coverings - 25What is therefore required of free-living status?Ability to generate chemical gradient + store energy
Membranes to contain it all. - 26How do you derive this chemical gradient and store of energy?ETC and ATP.
- 27Why is this thought to have arisen late within development?dif. in membrane structure <-> bacteria / archaea suggest this happened quite late.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Karteikarten am Origins Of Life II, erstellt von Gelöschter Nutzer am 03/05/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Gelöschter Nutzer · Mai 2018
- Aktualisiert
- 3 Mai 2018
- Aufrufe
- 10
- Verlauf
-
- Erstellt von J yadonknow · 27 Mär 2018
- Kopiert von J yadonknow · 3 Mai 2018
- Bewertung