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Clinical reasoning errors

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1AnchoringTendency to lock onto salient features in the patient's presentation too early in the clinical reasoning process - failing to adjust this initial impression in the light of new information.
2Ascertainment biasWhen a nurses thinking is shaped by prior assumptions and preconceptions. E.g. ageism, stereotyping
3Confirmation biasTendency to look for confirming evidence to support a nursing diagnosis rather than look for disconfirming evidence to refute it
4Diagnostic momentumOnce a patient has a label - the tendency for the label to remain and other possibilities to be excluded
5Fundamental attribution errorThe tendency to be judgemental and to blame patients for their illnesses rather than examine the circumstances responsible
6Overconfidence biasThe tendency to believe we know more than we know - tendency to act on incomplete information
7Premature closureTendency to accept a nursing diagnosis without sufficient evidence and before it has been fully verified
8Psych-out errorPeople with mental illness may fail to have comorbidities identified - or - medical issues are misdiagnosed as psychiatric conditions
9Unpacking principleFailure to collect and unpack all of the relevant cues and consider differential diagnoses