Factors such as income level, available health care services, and literacy are examples of social determinants of health.
The Stages of Change Model of health behavior change emphasizes that
change happens as a process.
people change only when faced with an illness
change occurs only when the environment supports it.
changes are more effective when based on personal perceptions.
The aspect of personal health that is most within your control is
genetic inheritance.
human biology.
environment.
lifestyle.
The theory that people look for someone who fills our emotional needs as well as our need for security, money, and goods is known as the ______ theory.
similarity
social exchange
love triangle
companionate
Married people tend to live longer than single or divorced people do.
Having strong personal relationships improves health and self-esteem.
"Masculine" and "Feminine" traits are
universal and recognized in all human cultures.
fixed before birth, except in the case of certain kinds of mutation.
largely learned via the process of socialization during childhood.
also referred to as "gender dysphoria".
In general, what can American ethnic minority populations expect concerning their health, as compared to the general population?
lower lifestyle risk factors
equal health benefits from medical advances
higher rates of cancer, infant mortality, and alcoholism
decreased exposure to carcinogens
One of the most consistent findings is that spiritually involved persons stay healthier and live longer.
Social support can help protect you from illness.
Which of the following is most strongly associated with better mental health?
isolation
optimism
intelligence
self-employment
The highest level of Maslow's needs hierarchy is characterized by
constant self-absorption
a profound sense of unworthiness
a continuing drive to achieve more
a state of transcendence and well-being
The brain is fully developed by the time a child reaches puberty.
Jenna sometimes "shops till she drops", meaning she shops on an exhilarating high until she crashes into a major depressive episode. Jenna's behavior is most common to which disorder?
obsessive-compulsive
major depressive
bipolar
generalized anxiety
The body can no longer keep up with the demands of the stressor in the ________ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
alarm
exhaustion
fight-or-flight
resistance
A person suffering from depression commonly experiences
a lack of guilt
improved concentration
an unusual passion for hobbies
fatigue
Studies indicate that antidepressants can increase risk of suicidal thoughts in young adults.
__________ are positive thoughts that one can write down or say to oneself to balance negative thoughts.
Affirmations
Distortions
Biofeedbacks
Achievements
The symptoms of schizophrenia most commonly manifest themselves in childhood.
Water regulates body temperature and carries waste products out of the body.
Which of the following statements is true of energy drinks?
They will soon be banned by the FDA.
Long-term studies on their side effects indicate they are not a health risk.
Experts feel their potential benefits outweigh their risks.
They could be harmful if consumed in excess or at the wrong time.
The most common symptoms of food poisoning are
heart arrhythmia.
arthritis and kidney failure.
nausea, vomiting, and mild fever.
frequent urination and bloody diarrhea.
Molly often awakes snorting and gasping for air in the middle of the night. Molly most likely has what sleep disorder?
insomnia
narcolepsy
night eating syndrome
sleep apnea
Which of the following is NOT one of the eight foods most responsible for food allergies?
peanuts
wheat
chocolate
eggs
Adults who sleep less than 7 hours a night are at higher risk for obesity than those who sleep 7 to 8 hours.
The fatty acids now considered most hazardous to health are the
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
monounsaturated fatty acids.
high density lipoprotein acids.
trans fatty acids.
Most of the carbohydrates and other nutrients we need come from grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables.
A sudden increase in daily fiber, for example from 10kg to 30kg, may cause bloating, gas, and other problems, so increases should be made gradually.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both classified as psychiatric disorders.
Which of the following statements about body fat percentages is true?
Body fat percentage for women decreases during puberty.
Average body fat percentage does not differ by gender.
Some hormones cannot be produced when the body fat falls below a certain threshold.
Ethnicity has no influence on body fat percentage.
Of the following, the greatest influence on the growth of weight problems in America is
a weakening economy
the growing availability of health information
the growing availability and convenience of unhealthy foods.
the decreasing availability of whole grains and vegetables.
What condition carries the highest death rate of all psychiatric diagnoses?
bulimia nervosa
depression
bipolar disorder
anorexia nervosa
A sedentary lifestyle has been associated with 25-30% of deaths from the leading chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.
All of the following are standards used for diagnosing anorexia nervosa EXCEPT
intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.
refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height.
amenorrhea.
lack of appetite.
Chronic stress can increase the amount of fat that is deposited in the abdomen.
Stretching is very important in preventing injuries, reducing muscle tension, and promoting flexibility. Which of the following is NOT one of the popular stretching techniques for exercise?
ballistic
passive
static
acute
For a person who is trying to lose weight, a weight loss of ______ pounds per week is a healthy goal.
1 to 2
2 to 4
4 to 5
5 to 7
Physical activity has been shown to have little influence on mood.
Most drugs are taken
by injection.
orally.
through the nose.
by applying a patch to the skin.
Which of the following statements regarding alcohol use in the United States is true?
About 40-45% of adults who drink are considered heavy drinkers.
About 90% of adults drink alcohol.
About 25-30% of adults call themselves abstainers.
About 50% of college students drink alcoholic beverages.
Average number of attempts required for successful smoking cessation is
two
seven
eleven
sixteen
Which drugs have effects similar to the response evoked during the fight-or-flight reaction?
stimulants
depressants
opiates
inhalants
Withdrawal symptoms that occur when you try to quit smoking typically include all of the following EXCEPT
depressed mood
difficulty concentrating
anxiety
lack of appetite
Your friend was arrested for drunk driving; police said they had smelled alcohol on his breath. How is this possible?
Our breath retains strong non-alcoholic odors from drink, especially beer.
Traces of alcoholic drinks remain in the tissues lining the mouth.
About 25% of alcohol is metabolized in the mouth.
The body excretes some alcohol directly into exhaled air.
College binge drinkers are more likely to meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence 10 years after college.
The effects of drugs are influenced by the characteristics of the situation or environment where the drug was taken.
No drug treatment program is appropriate for everyone; services should be matched to an individual's needs.
Which type of drug can be obtained from common household objects and causes widespread and long-lasting brain damage in chronic users?
barbituates
amphetamines
Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is FALSE?
Antibiotic use is not a factor in antibiotic resistance.
Some bacteria are becoming resistant to all known antibiotics.
Resistant genes arise naturally in bacteria.
Bacteria can share resistant genes with other bacteria.
Mandy has been taking her temperature every morning with an accurate basal body thermometer. Mandy is likely using which type of contraception
fertility-awareness based method
withdrawal
oral contraceptives
hormone implant
In an uncomplicated pregnancy, most women can maintain their usual level of exercise.
Which hormone is principally responsible for sex drive in women?
estrogen
progestrin
testosterone
vasopressin
Barrier methods of contraception include all of the following EXCEPT
diaphragm
vaginal ring
cervical cap
female condom
Diabetes can affect erectile dysfunction in men.
When B cells encounter a specific antigen, they mature to become cells that produce antibodies for that antigen.
Of the following, a major concern about sexting is
decreased student performance in school.
the digital footprint that can last for years.
that it is illegal.
that it increases the chance of a "hook-up" happening.
Fredrico has painful sores on his penis. Which sexually transmitted infection does Fredrico most likely have?
herpes simplex
gonorrhea
hepatitis C
chlamydia
Vaccination exposes the body to antigens from infectious agents so that if a person is exposed to the real organism, he or she will be less likely to develop serious disease.