Karteikarten
Leisure, Consumption and globalisation
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 1How is identity linked to production?your identity was closely linked to your position ib society which devrived from your background. it was key to identity and was closely connected to the type of work individles did.
- 2what do postmodernist argue about your identity?in contemporary society consumption is becoming an increasingly important source of identify, with more people defining themselves in terms of leisure activities.
- 3How has globalisation effected our identity?it is now easier for people to buy products from around the world and connect to new cultures and lifestyles.
- 4what did Stanley Parker [1976] argue about identity and production?Suggested that work,identity and leisure were closely connected.
*EXTENSION PATTERN-in leisure time entertainment clients or activities linked to work
*NEUTRALITY PATTERN- work connected to leisure and revolved around family life.
* OPPOSITION PATTERN- leisure as an escape from work and workers have very little autonomy and job satisfaction - 5How was Parker heavily criticised?*ignored the influence of other factors than work is shaping identity and leisure activities.
*paid no attentiom to other factors [gender,age]
*work seen as deterministic - 6What do feminists say about parker's work?argue it ignores unpaid work such as housework and cgildcare which severly restricts women's opportunities for leisure and yet is ignored in much of the discussion.
- 7what does Pierre Bourdieu argue about social class and leisure?Directly linked culture to identity and leisure.
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*the highest class engages in highbrow culture
*the middle class are preoccupied with middlebrow culture
*the working class are more concerned with mass or popular culture - 8what did Bennett et al [2009] say about social class and leisure?there is some connection between class and culture although other factors are important as well with the highest classes tend to be cultural omnivores who enjoy many different types of culture.
- 9how do marxists view leisure?increasingly a profit making activity. large businesses have captitalised this, such as the health industry.
- 10how is the media effected by leisure?it is a profit-making leisure activitt for transnational companies which transmit ruling class ideology.
- 11how has leisure become more passive?leisure is something you buy rather than something you do making it less of an active pursuit.
more active pursuits are less likely to involve consumption and more likely to involve creativty - 12According to Marxists, which groups are effected by businesses?The former group of activities, which are more passive and require consumption are more likely to be manipulated by big businesses
- 13What does Rojek [1995] say about leisure within a postmodern world?changed due to the fundamental shift in society:
*work and leisure are no longer separate spheres of life
*Leisure is less planned and purposeful in postmodern society
*Leisure choices no longer shaped by class, gender, ethnicity and age
*Identity politics has become more important – they can pick and choose who to be and leisure plays a big part in identity politics - 14What was Rojek's Summary of his research?In modern societies, leisure reflected who you are but in postmodern societies, leisure increasingly creates your identity - you become who you are through leisure.
- 15How does consumerism shape our identity?They are increasingly shaped by choices about what to consume, particularly through shopping.
Identity is primarily determined by what is consumed rather than by membership of particular social groups such as class - 16What does Colin Campbell say consumerism is?a social condition that occurs when consumption is “especially important if not actually central” to most people’s lives, and even “the very purpose of existence.” When this occurs, we are bound together in society by how we channel our wants, needs, desires, longings, and pursuit of emotional fulfilment into consumption of goods and services.
- 17What does the Postmodernist Baudrillard say about a consumer society with our identities?cultural signs and symbols - culturally significant even if we don’t buy them. When we do consume, we consume the signs and symbols, which have associated lifestyles and values attached to them, rather than products.
- 18What does Conspicuous Consumption mean? [Veblen]describe how the wealthy demonstrated their status through what they bought
- 19What does Baudrillards research suggest about Conspicuous Consumption?We are all guilty of this behaviour. With the growth in able to buy non-essential items, people began to express their personal tastes rather than their social class or position in society
- 20What does Susman [1973] suggest about Conspicuous Consumption?people became less concerned with respectability and more concerned with individual expression. Each individual became a ‘performing self’ by buying material goods showing what kind of person they are
- 21What does resistance to consumer identity mean?People stay away from branded products and make/grow their own products
- 22Why do people resist consumer identity?Some do it in order to declutter their lives or find more meaningful activities, others do it reduce the environmental impact of consumption and even go so far as forming intentional eco-communities.
- 23What does Giddens say globalisation refers to?the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away
- 24What is a Global Village? [McLuhan]Refers to the effect of globalisation
- 25What does O'Bryne [2015] say about globalisation?The world has become more interconnected:
*Economics (Increased World Trade and growth of transnational companies)
*Political (growth in importance of global political movements -human rights)
*Cultural (increased familiarity of people with music from around the world) - 26Is globalisation a macro or micro?Globalisation may be a macro change in social life but it has a micro effect on individuals, particularly their consumption and identity
- 27Positive effects of Globalisation*Pluralists emphasise the increased diversity which has resulted from globalisation
*We have a greater experience of world cultures, religions and politics
*This knowledge leads to greater understanding and tolerance
*Postmodernists emphasise the amount of choice in creating our identity - people can reinvent themselves through social media and try out new lifestyles and trends - 28Negative effects of Globalisation*Cultural imperialism - Western cultures dominate and impose on other local cultures
*Americanisation - all culture becomes like American culture (homogenisation of culture)
*Cultures of resistance: in response to globalisation we have seen a rise in nationalism and fundamentalism
*Some cultures have exaggerated their cultural origins and rejected Western culture
*Bauman [2011]- growing inequalities in a globalised world means not everyone can afford to fully participate in consumer society - 29How has Leisure affected our identity?*Leisure now is becoming more influential on our identity
*Society has changed and leisure is not decided by class, gender, ethnicity or age
*In a postmodern world there are more choices in leisure which impacts on our identity - 30How has consumption affected our identity?*We have more choices in what we consume
*Consumption choices are have more influence on our identity - 31How has globalisation affected our identity?*More options in creating our identity - access to different cultures
*World is becoming more interconnected - common culture
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