Forensic Linguistics - created from Mind Map

Seite 1

Larnyx

The larynx is the first point at which the airstream can be modified.

Vocal Folds

When breathing, we keep the vocal folds far apart – a wide glottal opening When we hold our breath (or strain), we bring the vocal folds together so that they are touching.

Voiceless

Air particles simply pass through the glottal opening

Voiced

Vocal folds brought together, increasing air pressure. Air pressure increases to such an extent that air forces passed the vocal folds The air travels through a narrow gap. Once air passes through, the vocal folds are ‘sucked’ back together because of a drop in pressure This allows the cycle to repeat,This causes vocal folds to vibrate about 80-500 times per sec on (i.e. with a frequency of 80–500Hz)

Palate

Hard Palate

Soft Palate

Towards the front of the mouth.

I.e. The Velum, it is towards the back and the uvular is attached to it.

Alveolar Ridge

The lumpy bit just behind the teeth

Teeth and Lips

Two Lips (bilabial)

Teeth and bottom and lip (labiodental)

Tongue behind top teeth (dental)

Tongue between top and bottom teeth (interdental)

Passive VS Active Articulators

Passive

Active

is the articulator that remains static during the production of a speech sounds

is one which moves and in particular, moves in the direction of the passive articulator

Part of the Tongue

Apico

Lamino

Dorso

Tip of the tongue

Blade of the tongue

(Back of the) Body of the tongue

Sustained Contact

Plosives

Nasals

Velic Closure

Close Approximant

Affricates

Fricatives

Open Approximation

Median Approximants

Lateral Approximants

Trills

Taps/Flaps

Double Articulations

Voiced labial-velar approximants = w

Voiced labial-velar fricative = ʍ

Secondary Articulations

Clear l

Dark ɫ

Obstruents

Plosives, Fricatives, Affricates

Voiced and Voiceless Pairs

Sonorants

These sounds are created with space between the articulators, causing low air turbulence This means that they must be voiced in order for them to be heard

Rhotics

All r sounds

Liquids

Rhotics plus the laterals

Glides

[w] and [j]

Phonetics

Physical production and properties of speech sounds

Forensic Linguistics