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Papers covered; August 2011 May 2011

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Microorganisms MCQ's 2011

Frage 1 von 49

1

Modes of obtaining nutrition, used by at least some bacteria, include all of the following EXCEPT:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chemolithoautrophy

  • Photolithoautrophy

  • Chemoheteroautrophy

  • Chemoorganoheterotrophy

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 49

1

Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Superoxide anion

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydroxyl radical

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 49

1

Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell

  • Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient

  • The level of nutrients in nature is very low

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 49

1

The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5S

  • 16S

  • 18S

  • 23S

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 49

1

Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • pH

  • Water potential

  • Oxygen

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 49

1

The signature sequence is used extensively in the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phylogenetic probe

  • Reclassification of misclassified organisms

  • Defining of a specific group within a domain

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 49

1

With regards to the bacterial genome which statement is the correct one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacterial genome is triploid

  • Bacterial genome is mostly haploid

  • Bacterial genome is mostly diploid

  • Bacterial genome is haploid

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 49

1

With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the correct one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A plasmid is a regulatory gene

  • A plasmid is a short RNA molecule

  • A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

  • A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 49

1

All viruses:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Have a genome that is a single molecule of nucleic acid

  • Are enveloped

  • Encode more proteins in their genomes than those contained in the mature virus particle

  • Have capsids that are icosahedral in shape

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 49

1

Poliovirus:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Has a double-stranded DNA genome

  • Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein

  • Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract

  • Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 49

1

Which of the following is NOT an alternative name for cutaneous fungal infections of humans:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Superficial mycoses

  • Dermatophytes

  • Mycetoma

  • Ringworms

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 49

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the plant disease triangle:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Susceptible host

  • Climate change

  • Active pathogen

  • Suitable environment

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 49

1

The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 49

1

Which of the following is a bacterial infection?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Whooping cough

  • Polio

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

  • Malaria

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 49

1

Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

  • First to discover and use agar

  • That there could be life without air

  • The first chemical antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 49

1

The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 20 μm

  • 2 μm

  • 200 nm

  • 20 nm

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 49

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the correct statement?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 49

1

Which statement is correct with respect to the E.coli chromosome?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 49

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 93 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 9.3 x 10(7)

  • 9.3 x 10(8)

  • 9.3 x 10(6)

  • 9.3 x 10(5)

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 49

1

Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Wave-like movement of the flagellum

  • Rotation of the cell

  • Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

  • Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 49

1

In the Earth’s biosphere most fungal biomass and diversity is found:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • In the oceans

  • In soils

  • Under glaciers

  • In the atmosphere

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 49

1

Fungal growth and cell division is NOT normally accompanied by:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Biomass acquisition

  • Reduced vitality

  • Nucleic-acid replication

  • Enhanced ability to compete with other microbial species

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 49

1

One factor that is NOT used to prevent or reduce fungal spoilage of processed foods is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Addition of benzene

  • Low water-activity

  • Refrigeration

  • Heat-sterilization

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 49

1

Saprophytic activity is essential for the health of the biosphere because:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It facilitates nutrient cycling and waste degradation

  • It kills host organisms and thereby averts overpopulation

  • It facilitates species evolution via endosymbiosis

  • It involves mineralization of inorganic rocks in the lithosphere

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 49

1

The cardinal temperatures are the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Minimum temperatures

  • Optimum temperatures

  • Maximum temperatures

  • Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 49

1

Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall

  • Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

  • Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

  • Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 49

1

Which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Extreme halophiles

  • Extreme thermophiles

  • Methanogens

  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 49

1

Photoautotophs use:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

  • Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source

  • CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 49

1

Addition of blood to a culture medium only allows the haemolytic bacteria that grow on the plate to be picked out. This is an example of a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Selective medium

  • Differential medium

  • Complex medium

  • Synthetic medium

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 49

1

A microbe growing in a functioning refrigerator is probably a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Psychrophile

  • Mesophile

  • Thermophile

  • Hyperthermophile

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 49

1

Which one of the following sentences correctly describes the science of Metagenomics?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Metagenomics is a genome- level study of the whole microbial community

  • Metagenomics is a genomics of industrially and medically important bacteria

  • Metagenomics is a study of genes’ expression

  • Metagenomics is a comparative analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 49

1

Genetic recombination is a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Change of DNA structure caused by radiation

  • Amplification of DNA molecules followed by cell division

  • Physical exchange between DNA molecules

  • Process resulting in protein synthesis

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 49

1

All viruses:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis

  • Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell

  • Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

  • Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 49

1

Tobacco mosaic virus has:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • An icosahedral capsid

  • A helical capsid

  • Multiple copies of each of four proteins making up the capsid

  • Multiple copies of two proteins making up the capsid

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 49

1

Anthrophilic dermatophytes (fungi causing cutaneous infections of humans) are primarily associated with:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Soil

  • Animals

  • Plants

  • Humans

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 49

1

Secondary symptoms of infections of plants by pathogens:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Occur at some distance from the point of infection

  • Normally occur close to the site of active infection

  • Are an ideal place to isolate the causal organism

  • Never occur at the same time as primary symptoms

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 49

1

Which one of the following infectious diseases has been eradicated from the human population?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Plague

  • Leprosy

  • Small pox

  • Polio

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 49

1

Which of the following is a host component important in specific immune recognition of extracellular microbes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Antigen

  • Antibody

  • Phagocyte

  • Lipopolysaccharide

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 49

1

With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria

  • Bacterial cells are always larger than eukaryote cells

  • Bacteria do not contain a chromosome

  • Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 49

1

Koch’s postulates most CORRECTLY relate to which one of the following statements?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease

  • Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease, followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism, indicates that it is the cause of the disease

  • The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease

  • Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 49

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • LPS is found in Gram positive cells

  • LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane

  • LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.

  • LPS is found inside all bacterial cells

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 49

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 57 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5.7 x 10(7)

  • 5.7 x 10(8)

  • 5.7 x 10(6)

  • 5.7 x 10(5)

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 49

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 49

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

  • Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan

  • There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall

  • Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 49

1

The primary reason that health professionals recommend that new-born babies are not washed is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • So that they can be inoculated with symbiotic yeast species

  • To avoid imbalances in the microbial ecology of indigenous flora

  • To avoid accidental contamination with fungal spores

  • So that clinical microbiologists can study the impact on the current generation

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Frage 46 von 49

1

Post-genomic techniques include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Proteomics

  • Use of restriction enzymes

  • Gene sequencing

  • Studies of signal-transduction pathways

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 49

1

Systems biology approaches to the study of fungal cells do NOT necessarily involve:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Generation of data from biological experiments

  • Mathematical quantification of changes in cell components

  • Creation of a model of the cellular system in silico

  • Creation of a conceptual model based on philosophical techniques

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 49

1

Which of these statements is untrue?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Some species of yeasts are highly tolerant to ethanol stress

  • Some species of fungi are extremely xerophilic

  • Many fungi are more tolerant to water stress than any bacterial species

  • Fungi can grow over the entire pH range from 0 to 14

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 49

1

An extremophilic microbe is one which:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Can survive dry conditions

  • Can grow only when there is a mixture of stress parameters (e.g. high temperatures and low pH)

  • Can grow optimally under extreme conditions

  • Becomes dormant under extreme conditions

Erklärung

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