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Global Anuran Families

Gelöschter Nutzer Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Englisch 63 Karten

Global Anuran Families

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  1. 1How many anuran species are known?Almost 6,000
  2. 2What is the global distribution of frogs?Cosmopolitan
  3. 3How many frog families are in the order anura?26
  4. 4What are some anuran synapomorphies?9 or less presacral vertebrae
    Single sacral vertebra with flared diapophyses
    Caudal vertebrae fused into urostyle
    Elongated tarsals and phlanges
    Elongate and partially fused astragalus and calcaneum
    Compound radioulna and tibiofibula
    Buccal and dermal mucus glands
    Tongue attached at front of buccal cavity
  5. 5What derived features unite all frogs EXCEPT Ascaphidae and Leiopelmatidae?8 or less vertebrae
    Single sphenethmoid
    Absence of tail wagging muscles
  6. 6Family: Two species Endemic to Pacific NW US Intromittent organ for internal fertilization Highly aquatic; cold fast streams Inguinal amplexus Lacks tympanum (does not call) Tadpoles have sucking oral discAscaphidaeFamily: Two species Endemic to Pacific NW US Intromittent organ for internal fertilization Highly aquatic; cold fast streams Inguinal amp...
  7. 7Family: Four species, all endemic to NZ Lack tympanum & vocal sacs Direct development; terrestrial egg brooded by male Inscriptional ribs embedded in ventral musculature Low chr #LeiopelmatidaeFamily: Four species, all endemic to NZ Lack tympanum & vocal sacs Direct development; terrestrial egg brooded by male Inscriptional ...
  8. 8Family: Europe, S. China, Borneo & Philippines Aposematic coloring on belly, visible only during unken reflex Toxic skin secretions V-shaped parahyoid boneBombinatoridaeFamily: Europe, S. China, Borneo & Philippines Aposematic coloring on belly, visible only during unken reflex Toxic skin secretions V...
  9. 9Family: W/C Europe, NW Africa, ME Vary in habitat use Often have nuptial pads on front feet and hind limbs Adults have free ribs Tongue disc-shaped and non-protrusibleAlytidae (Discoglossidae)Family: W/C Europe, NW Africa, ME Vary in habitat use Often have nuptial pads on front feet and hind limbs Adults have free ribs Tongue d...
  10. 10Which subfamilies does the superfamily Mesobatrachia contain?Megophryidae
    Pelobatidae
    Pelodytidae
    Pipidae
    Rhinophrynidae
  11. 11What are the synapomorphies of mesobatrachia?Frontoparietal fontanelle is closed
    Taenia tecti medialis absent
    Taenia tecti transversum absent
    Hyoglossal sinus partially closed
  12. 12Family: Subtrop and tropical Asia Mimic dead leave on forest floor or stream edges Cryptic coloration and disruptive outlines Glandular skin Granular glands in axillary, pectoral, and femoral regions Synapomorphies: Ceratohyals absent or reduced Intervert cartilage with ossified center Paddle shaped tongueMegophryidaeFamily: Subtrop and tropical Asia Mimic dead leave on forest floor or stream edges Cryptic coloration and disruptive outlines Glandular s...
  13. 13Family: Monogeneric W Eurasia, NW Africa Stocky bodies and vertical pupils Deserts and arid habitats, fossorial Highly seasonal breading Sacroccygial joint fused Palatines absent Arciferal pectoral girdle Astralagus and calcaneum fused only at endsPelobatidaeFamily: Monogeneric W Eurasia, NW Africa Stocky bodies and vertical pupils Deserts and arid habitats, fossorial Highly seasonal breading ...
  14. 14Family: Monogeneric W Europe, W Asia Nocturnal, except in breeding season Terrestrial Bulging eyes Fused astralagus and calcaneum Parahyoid presentPelodytidaeFamily: Monogeneric W Europe, W Asia Nocturnal, except in breeding season Terrestrial Bulging eyes Fused astralagus and calcaneum Parahyo...
  15. 15(Sub)Family: NA Squat; head small short and rounded Round eyes and vertical pupils short limbs, warty skin Fossorial, use spade (keratinized metatarsal tubercle) to dig Explosive breedersScaphiopodidae (Pelobatidae)(Sub)Family: NA Squat; head small short and rounded Round eyes and vertical pupils short limbs, warty skin Fossorial, use spade (keratini...
  16. 16Family: Disjunct dist.: Sub-S Africa, trop SA highly aquatic with fully webbed hindfeet Front toes long Extreme dorsoventral flattening, small or no eyelids Lateral line system in most sp Ear and laryngeal mods for underwater calling Lack tonguesPipidaeFamily: Disjunct dist.: Sub-S Africa, trop SA highly aquatic with fully webbed hindfeet Front toes long Extreme dorsoventral flattening, ...
  17. 17Family: Monotypic family and genus S Texas to Costa Rica Tiny cone head with cornified skin at tip Short, robust limbs Hindfoot spade Feeds underground on termites and ants Tongue protrudes straight from goove in front of mouth Synapomorphy: absence of sternumRhinophrynidaeFamily: Monotypic family and genus S Texas to Costa Rica Tiny cone head with cornified skin at tip Short, robust limbs Hindfoot spade Fee...
  18. 18What is Neobatrachia?"Advanced" frogs
    Contains 95% of frog species
    Composed of Bufonids and Ranoidea
  19. 19Define bufonidsParaphyletic
    Members of neobatrachia that are not ranids (which are monophyletic)
  20. 20Family: Monotypic family, 3 sp in one genus N SA Rainforest Large breeding aggregations, eggs deposited in water Skull has ossified cranial roof, with many bones reducedAllophrynidaeFamily: Monotypic family, 3 sp in one genus N SA Rainforest Large breeding aggregations, eggs deposited in water Skull has ossified crani...
  21. 21Family: SE Brazil, leaf litter tropical Very small Reduced digit # (front 2-3, hind 3) Tips of phlanges are blunt to pointed Lack sternum Terrestrial eggs, assumed direct developmentBrachycephalidaeFamily: SE Brazil, leaf litter tropical Very small Reduced digit # (front 2-3, hind 3) Tips of phlanges are blunt to pointed Lack sternum...
  22. 22Family: Cosmopolitan dist. Presence of parotid glands and 2 digging tubercles on foot distinguish from pelobatids Often have cranial crests, rear toads often webbed Synapomorphies: Bidders organ (paedomorphic) Absence of teethBufonidaeFamily: Cosmopolitan dist. Presence of parotid glands and 2 digging tubercles on foot distinguish from pelobatids Often have cranial cres...
  23. 23Family: CA & SA Usually arboreal Transparent abdominal peritoneum and skin Expanded toe discs, T phlanges with medial process on 3rd metacarpal Astralagus and calcaneum fusedCentrolenidaeFamily: CA & SA Usually arboreal Transparent abdominal peritoneum and skin Expanded toe discs, T phlanges with medial process on 3rd ...
  24. 24Family: Cape area of S Africa Habitat specialists in swift streams Expanded digit tips Have toepads + webbed feet Tadpoles have oral discHeleophrynidaeFamily: Cape area of S Africa Habitat specialists in swift streams Expanded digit tips Have toepads + webbed feet Tadpoles have oral disc
  25. 25Family: NA, SA, Asia, Eur, Australia distinct adhesive toe discs, contain cartilage to offset terminal phalanx Mostly arboreal Synapomorphy: Terminal phalanges claw-like instead of straightHylidaeFamily: NA, SA, Asia, Eur, Australia distinct adhesive toe discs, contain cartilage to offset terminal phalanx Mostly arboreal Synapomorp...
  26. 26Family: New World Lots of variation, but mostly terrestrial with aquatic laid eggs No known synapomorphies - paraphyletic Lacks derived characters of other bufonidsLepyodactylidaeFamily: New World Lots of variation, but mostly terrestrial with aquatic laid eggs No known synapomorphies - paraphyletic Lacks derived c...
  27. 27Family: CA, SA, Southern NA Rainforests Terrestrial & arboreal Direct development paired frontoparietals and palatines T shaped term phalanges that usually have pads with circumferential groovesEleutherodactylidaeFamily: CA, SA, Southern NA Rainforests Terrestrial & arboreal Direct development paired frontoparietals and palatines T shaped term ...
  28. 28Family: Australia & NG Primarily terrestrial, habitats varyLimnodynastidae
    (Now under Myobatrachidae)    Family: Australia & NG Primarily terrestrial, habitats vary
  29. 29Family: Australia & NG Terrestrial, habitats vary Variation in devo and exomorphs Absent or reduced toe discs First 2 presacral vertebrae not fused Periaxial sheathMyobatrachidaeFamily: Australia & NG Terrestrial, habitats vary Variation in devo and exomorphs Absent or reduced toe discs First 2 presacral verte...
  30. 30Family: Monogeneric S Argentina and Chile Wet temperate forest Eggs laid on land, then carried by males in vocal sacs either to water or until development done Small with fleshy proboscis on snoutRhinodermatidaeFamily: Monogeneric S Argentina and Chile Wet temperate forest Eggs laid on land, then carried by males in vocal sacs either to water or ...
  31. 31Family: Ca, SA Diurnal, terrestrial Parental care Many have aposematic coloring Dupradigital scutes on dorsal fingers Cephalic amplexusDendrobatidaeFamily: Ca, SA Diurnal, terrestrial Parental care Many have aposematic coloring Dupradigital scutes on dorsal fingers Cephalic amplexus
  32. 32Family: Large, aquatic Robust, toad-like Dist: ChileCalyptocephalellidae
    Helmeted Water Toads    Family: Large, aquatic Robust, toad-like Dist: Chile
  33. 33Family: Slow-moving streams, forest leaf litter Dist: NW Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, ArgentinaAlsodidae
    Spiny-chest Frogs    Family: Slow-moving streams, forest leaf litter Dist: NW Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina
  34. 34Family: Cartilaginous sternum Diurnal predators Spend much of time in water All have tadpole stage Dist: NW to S BrazilHylodidae
    Stream-Dwelling Frogs    Family: Cartilaginous sternum Diurnal predators Spend much of time in water All have tadpole stage Dist: NW to S Brazil
  35. 35Family: High elevations Dist: S SABatrachylidae
    Patagonia Frogs    Family: High elevations Dist: S SA
  36. 36Family: Terrestrial or semi-terrestrial forests, streams, and rocky outcrops Left and right branchial chambers fuse behind heart Dist: temperate SACycloramphidae
    Bug-eyed Frogs    Family: Terrestrial or semi-terrestrial forests, streams, and rocky outcrops Left and right branchial chambers fuse behind heart Dist: te...
  37. 37Family: Flattened head, non-coossified skin on skull Recurved fang teeth on maxilla, premaxilla, and vomer Dist: SA (Andean)Telmatobiidae
    Water Frogs    Family: Flattened head, non-coossified skin on skull Recurved fang teeth on maxilla, premaxilla, and vomer Dist: SA (Andean)
  38. 38Family: Terrestrial, tropical rainforests Direct development, bear eggs on back until hatch (dorsal pouch) Embryos have two pairs of bell-shaped gills Dist: SA, CAHemiphractidae
    Horned/Marsupial Frogs    Family: Terrestrial, tropical rainforests Direct development, bear eggs on back until hatch (dorsal pouch) Embryos have two pairs of bell...
  39. 39Family: Robust bodies Round, wide, large heads Terrestrial, grasslands to forests Dist: S & E SAOdontophrynidae
    Smooth Horned Frogs    Family: Robust bodies Round, wide, large heads Terrestrial, grasslands to forests Dist: S & E SA
  40. 40Family: Montane forests and streams at high elevations Direct devo from terrestrial eggs Unpigmented eggs Dist: Guiana Shield in Guyana, Venezuela, BrazilCeuthomantidae
    Emerald-Barred Frogs    Family: Montane forests and streams at high elevations Direct devo from terrestrial eggs Unpigmented eggs Dist: Guiana Shield in Guyana, ...
  41. 41Family: Leaf litter in tropical rainforests Direct development Dist: N/C A, disjunct in S BrazilCraugastoridae
    Northern Rain Frogs    Family: Leaf litter in tropical rainforests Direct development Dist: N/C A, disjunct in S Brazil
  42. 42Family: Terrestrial breeding, direct devo Males have singular subgular vocal sacs Dist: C & S AStrabomantidae
    Rain Frogs    Family: Terrestrial breeding, direct devo Males have singular subgular vocal sacs Dist: C & S A
  43. 43Family: Restricted to Seychelles Islands Moist forests Tympanum absent Terrestrial eggs, males carry eggs on backSooglossidae
    Seychelles Frogs    Family: Restricted to Seychelles Islands Moist forests Tympanum absent Terrestrial eggs, males carry eggs on back
  44. 44Family: Recently discovered, restricted to India Lack toe disks Specialized burrowersNasikabatrachidae
    Pig-nosed Frogs    Family: Recently discovered, restricted to India Lack toe disks Specialized burrowers
  45. 45Family: Many ecomorphs Transverse skin fold across back of head Small head Short snout, and small mouth Premaxillary and maxillary teeth absent Almost cosmopolitan distribution Wide variety of habitatsMicrohylidae
    Narrow-mouthed Frogs    Family: Many ecomorphs Transverse skin fold across back of head Small head Short snout, and small mouth Premaxillary and maxillary teeth ...
  46. 46Family: African, moist forests Direct development Pointed snouts Long limbs Third finger generally elongated Unwebbed feetArthroleptidae
    Squeaker/Hairy frogs    Family: African, moist forests Direct development Pointed snouts Long limbs Third finger generally elongated Unwebbed feet
  47. 47Family: Sub-S Africa, Mad, Seychelles Most arboreal Sexually dimorphic bright coloring Expanded Toepads No nuptial pads Tympanum present but concealedHyperoliidae
    African Reed Frogs    Family: Sub-S Africa, Mad, Seychelles Most arboreal Sexually dimorphic bright coloring Expanded Toepads No nuptial pads Tympanum present ...
  48. 48Family: Sub-S Africa Backwards burrowers Dimorphic body size Many unable to amplex so use adhesive skin secretion Direct development Inflate Best frogsBrevicipitidae
    Rain Frogs    Family: Sub-S Africa Backwards burrowers Dimorphic body size Many unable to amplex so use adhesive skin secretion Direct development Infl...
  49. 49Family: Sub-S Africa Fossorial Hardened and pointed snout Sternum absent Skull modified for digging, head small and pointed Parental care Skin fold on headHemisotidae
    Shovel-nosed Frogs    Family: Sub-S Africa Fossorial Hardened and pointed snout Sternum absent Skull modified for digging, head small and pointed Parental care...
  50. 50Family: W Africa Fast moving streams and rivers Tusk-like odontoids on lower mandible with curved maxillary teeth Tympanum distinct Extensive webbing Granular skinOdontobatrachidae
    Torrent Frogs    Family: W Africa Fast moving streams and rivers Tusk-like odontoids on lower mandible with curved maxillary teeth Tympanum distinct Exten...
  51. 51Family: One genus, many species Sub-S Africa T-shaped terminal phlangesPhrynobatrachidae
    Puddle Frogs    Family: One genus, many species Sub-S Africa T-shaped terminal phlanges
  52. 52Family: Sub-S Africa Longitudinal ridges/stripes Savannah and grasslandsPtychadenidae
    Grassland Frogs    Family: Sub-S Africa Longitudinal ridges/stripes Savannah and grasslands
  53. 53Family: Disjunctly W & E Africa Riverine systems Lack vocal cordsConrauidae
    Goliath Frogs    Family: Disjunctly W & E Africa Riverine systems Lack vocal cords
  54. 54Family: C & E Africa Spray zone of streams and waterfalls Sexually dimorphic Distinct tympanumPetropedetidae
    Rocky River Frogs    Family: C & E Africa Spray zone of streams and waterfalls Sexually dimorphic Distinct tympanum
  55. 55Family: Sub-S Africa Explosive breeders Urostyle has bicondylar articulation with sternumPyxicephalidae
    African Bullfrogs    Family: Sub-S Africa Explosive breeders Urostyle has bicondylar articulation with sternum
  56. 56Family: W Ghats of India Riparian habitats Territorial Calling and foot flaggingMicrixalidae
    Tropical Frogs    Family: W Ghats of India Riparian habitats Territorial Calling and foot flagging
  57. 57Family: W Ghats and Sri Lanka Concealed tympanum Dorsal straddle amplexus Wet marshy habitatNyctibatrachidae
    Fanged Frogs    Family: W Ghats and Sri Lanka Concealed tympanum Dorsal straddle amplexus Wet marshy habitat
  58. 58Family: C/S India Leaf litter or streams Y shaped terminal phalangesRanixalidae
    Indian Leaping Frogs    Family: C/S India Leaf litter or streams Y shaped terminal phalanges
  59. 59Family: SE Asia Terrestrial, some arboreal Direct developmentCeratobatrachidae
    Ground/Triangle Frogs    Family: SE Asia Terrestrial, some arboreal Direct development
  60. 60Family: SubS Africa, S & E Asia Terrestrial to aquatic Diverse repro, including inguinal amplexus Tadpoles have many adaptations: algae scraping, carnivorous fangsDiscroglossidae
    Fanged Frogs    Family: SubS Africa, S & E Asia Terrestrial to aquatic Diverse repro, including inguinal amplexus Tadpoles have many adaptations: alg...
  61. 61Family: SubS Africa, S & SE Asia Primarily arboreal Expanded toe disks Highly webbed Some have oophagus tadpoles Front foot has two opposable toesRhacophoridae
    Asian Tree Frogs    Family: SubS Africa, S & SE Asia Primarily arboreal Expanded toe disks Highly webbed Some have oophagus tadpoles Front foot has two o...
  62. 62Family: Worldwide (almost) No diagnostic synapomorphies Long legs and webbed feet Streamlined & large bodied Waist often thin Well developed musculatureRanidae
    True Frogs    Family: Worldwide (almost) No diagnostic synapomorphies Long legs and webbed feet Streamlined & large bodied Waist often thin Well de...
  63. 63Family: Madagascar Terrestrial or arboreal Axillary amplexus Terrestrial eggs and larvae drop or are swept into waterMantellidae
    Malagasy Poison Frogs    Family: Madagascar Terrestrial or arboreal Axillary amplexus Terrestrial eggs and larvae drop or are swept into water

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Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Karteikarten am Global Anuran Families , erstellt von Gelöschter Nutzer am 04/02/2020.
Erstellt von
Gelöschter Nutzer · Feb 2020
Aktualisiert
4 Feb 2020
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  • Erstellt von Emilie Broussard · 27 Jan 2020
  • Kopiert von Emilie Broussard · 4 Feb 2020
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