C.4 World History, Skill #7- Notes

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C.4 World History, Skill #7

Identify the causes, effects, events, and significant individuals associated with the Age of Exploration.

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The Age of Exploration

Separated into 3 parts

Discovery

refers to the era's advances in geographical knowledge and tech

Reconnaissance

preliminary exploration

Expansion

migration of Europeans to other parts of the world

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Causes

Trade

Europeans sought out to find a way around the middleman to deal directly with Asia

European limited to trade across land and through middlemen, which heavily taxed the goods and increased their price to increase profits

Stories about Christian Crusaders in the Middle East, India, China increased curiosity about the region's people, science/ tech advancements, and spices/ goods

Renaissance & Reformation

Renaissance prompted search for new knowledge and what lay beyond the shores of the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas

Reformation motivated missionaries to search for new converts

Political centralization (Spain, France, & England)

government had more control of its resources to organize opportunities for traders to expand their markets

Portugal's motivations

Prince Henry the Navigator

joined Portuguese attack on Ceuta in 1945 and returned to Portugal with spices, precious metals, opportunities to spread Christianity, and desire to expand Portugal's shipping reaches

started a school devoted to navigation

maritime revolution which led to creation of astrolabe and magnetic compass

influenced Bartolomeu Dias passed the tip of Africa and Vasco da Gama sailed to India

God, Gold, Glory

God

sought new converts for Christianity

Gold

limited economic and political choices led to desire to find commerce in other places

Glory

exploration for adventure

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Motives for Exploration

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Effects

transfer of horses

escaped horses from conquistadors in the South West formed large herds in the Great Plains

Natives became experts on horseback which improved their hunting and trading capabilities

European life expectancy and population increased as they gained access to new foods which contained essential vitamins

growth of foreign trade developed

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of food, resources, and animals between Europe and the Americas as well as diseases, weapons, and people

disease had most impact on population, significantly decreasing the Native population and as a result impacting labor

Atlantic Slave Trade

dwindling Native population caused Spanish and Portuguese to look elsewhere for labor

advantages

immunity to mosquitoes found in the Americas, making them resistant to the diseases they carried

well-versed in farming

on foreign land, slaves would have little chance to escape

Triangular Trade System

Africa--> America

slaves

America --> Europe

coffee, sugar, tobacco

Europe --> Africa

funding to purchase slaves

mercantilism

system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state

country needed to maintain a balance of trade with other countries

required raw materials acquired in the colonies

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Main Events

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Significant Individuals

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Other Countries