the internet protocals

The internet protocols

• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocal by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one ip address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyL1Fud1Z1c (Einbetten)

point of presence (pop)

• In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.
• 

network access point (NAP)

• A Network Access Point (NAP) was a public network exchange facility where Internet service providers (ISP) connected with one another in peering arrangement.
• 

Transmission control protocol

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation via which application programs can exchange data. TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how computers send packets of data to each other. Together, TCP and IP are the basic rules defining the Internet.
• 

internet infrastructure/hardware

• Server Client
• Router Backbone

Server

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc (Einbetten)
• A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.
• Many types of servers exist, including web servers, mail servers, and file servers. Each type runs software specific to the purpose of the server

Client

• A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. The server is often (but not always) on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.[1] The term applies to programs or devices that are part of a client–server model.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFiXxzzdgFY (Einbetten)

Router

• In packet-switched networks such as the Internet, a router is a device or, in some cases, software in a computer, that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded toward its destination.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELCPzcOTkYg (Einbetten)

Backbone

• A backbone is a larger transmission line that carries data gathered from smaller lines that interconnect with it.
• 

Network diagrams

• 
• this network diagrams shows the how is internet communicating connected through the compuer most thing i might to identify :
• client
• Router
• POP
• NAP
• Backbone
• Internet

Connection methods -wireless

• wireless is the term used to describe any compuer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3plXzZ1Ckc (Einbetten)

Broadband

• a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzNBoRJCvZk (Einbetten)

Dial up

• A wired connection via a conventional telephone line, which needs a modem to convert
• signals to and from analogue for transmission.Can use existingtelephone circuits,which is useful insome areas.Older technology gives poor reception
• at times.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsNaR6FRuO0 (Einbetten)

Bandwidth

• Network bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps); modern networks typically have speeds measured in the millions of bits per second (megabits per second, or Mbps) or billions of bits per second (gigabits per second, or Gbps).
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAc4TSp87IY (Einbetten)

Bit

• A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a single binary value, either 0 or 1. Although computers usually provide instructions that can test and manipulate bits, they generally are designed to store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdF2uk-EscE (Einbetten)

Ethernet

• a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoIa6tuUSTs (Einbetten)

Hyperlink

• An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document. Typically, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link. Hyperlinks are the most essential ingredient of all hypertext systems, including the World Wide Web.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcjBrEvwIE4 (Einbetten)

Web server

• Web servers are computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages. EveryWeb server has an IP address and possibly a domain name.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54n_iXocB6o (Einbetten)

Wizard

• wizard - Computer Definition. A sequential on-screen dialog that assists the user in some manner. For example, installation programs are often called "installation wizards" because they provide a series of steps with options.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DeCJS-1yyg (Einbetten)

HTML

• Hypertext Mark-up Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyper link effects on World Wide Web pages.
• "an HTML file"

HTML Elements

• An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML document or web page, once this has been parsed into the Document Object Model. HTML is composed of a tree of HTML elements and other nodes, such as text nodes. Each element can have HTML attributes specified.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrpdQKHIEH4 (Einbetten)

URL

• Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. A URL has two main components: Protocol identifier: For the URL , the protocol identifier is http . Resource name: For the URL http://example.com , the resource name is example.com .
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMxx9XEF6m0 (Einbetten)

Search engine

• a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding particular sites on the World Wide Web.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA1mooP1J30 (Einbetten)

Codec

• A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhWki9a7s18 (Einbetten)

Devices/components

• An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products,

Peripheral

• A device that is connected to a computer but its not part of the core computer architecture
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0F4cc2dkV8 (Einbetten)

Internet packets

• A network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. Computer communications links that do not support packets, such as traditional point-to-point telecommunications links, simply transmit data as a bit stream.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJNztaBPWVU (Einbetten)

Byte

• The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIsfj9W2Bv4 (Einbetten)

USB

• USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-N_vN_tmA0 (Einbetten)

Client side Processing

• The majority of the processing will be done at the server and not on the client's internet browser. When a database needs to be accessed on a server, the web application will post the page back to the web server and server-side code will process the request.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcBB2Fp8WNI (Einbetten)

Server-Side Code

• There are several server-side technologies that can be used when developing web applications. The most popular is Microsoft’s ASP.NET. In ASP.NET, server-side code uses the .NET Framework and is written in languages like C# and VB.NET. Server-side processing is used to interact with permanent storage like databases or files
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcBB2Fp8WNI (Einbetten)

Bi-directional transmission

• ommunications mode that is capable of transmitting data in both directions, but not at the same time. Bidirectional is also a printer port mode that was first introduced by IBM in 1987
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Hp9hwgz5OQ (Einbetten)

Packet switching

• Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data into suitably sized blocks, called packets, which are transmitted via a medium that may be shared by multiple simultaneous communication sessions.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtpvGmQTXTA (Einbetten)

Simplex

• Refers to transmission in only one direction. Note the difference between simplex and half-duplex. Half-duplex refers to two-way communications where only one party can transmit at a time. Simplex refers to one-way communications where one party is the transmitter and the other is the receiver.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XK26I9eoSl8 (Einbetten)

Half duplex

• )Refers to the transmission of data in just one direction at a time. For example, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because only one party can talk at a time. In contrast, a telephone is a full-duplex device because both parties can talk simultaneously.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSQXyRjGLEM (Einbetten)

Full Duplex

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSQXyRjGLEM (Einbetten)
• In a full duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously. An example of a full-duplex device is a telephone; the parties at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by the other party simultaneously.

Database

• A database is a system for managing a collection of data. Data about a particular type
• of thing – for example, customers or products – is stored in a table . You can think of a
• table as a grid. Every row in the table holds information about a single item; this is also
• called a record . Every column holds information about a property of the items in the
• table, such as a customer’s name or an item’s price – these properties are called fi elds .

Table

• All tables have a primary key on which they are organised. The primary key is the
• unique identifi er of each record in the table. The tables may themselves hold fi elds
• which are primary keys in other tables ( foreign keys ) which can be used to access
• associated information from many tables in one query.

Record

virus

• A computer virus is a malware program that, when executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected".
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy0-X7CTqss (Einbetten)

opportunist

• takes advantage of any opportunity to achieve an end, often with no regard for principles or consequences
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz4iSgBJsWU (Einbetten)

Phishing

• the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, online.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkAqclX15Bc (Einbetten)

Trojan

• A Trojan horse, or Trojan, in computing is any malicious computer program which misrepresents itself to appear useful, routine, or interesting in order to persuade a victim to install it.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUlivXL1Y0Q (Einbetten)

Physical barriers

• Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition that act as a barrier in communication in sending message from sender to receiver. Organizational environment or interior workspace design problems, technological problems and noise are the parts of physical barriers. When messages are sent by the sender.

password control

• Passwords are sequences of characters, known only
• to the computer user, which allow access to a computer, network or application. Passwords should always be strong so that it is hard for someone else to guess them
• or work them out.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63G67blGI0o (Einbetten)

Access Level

• These can be set up to allow individuals to have access to only
• specific levels of an application and to prevent unauthorised users from accessing particular data.

Anti virus software

• This is set up to intercept computer viruses before they can
• become resident on the computer. The software can isolate the virus, remove it and sometimes repair any damage. Equivalent security programs exist for other types of malware.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO4ruS6K18M (Einbetten)

Firewall

• This is a piece of software that monitors all data arriving at your computer from the internet and all data leaving your computer. It stops anything that it thinks is harmful or unwanted (such as viruses, spam, Trojan horses and hackers).
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OlJZ0gI-cM (Einbetten)

Encryption

• In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it.Encryption does not of itself prevent interception, but denies the message content to the interceptor.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5FEqGYLL0o (Einbetten)

Legislation data protection act 1998

• Businesses must conform to the eight principles to protect the data that they hold about customers .

Computer misuse act 1990

• The law was created to punish hackers and creators of viruses.

copyright,designs and patents act 1988 copy

• copyright protects peoples original data such artworks,music c,code,books etc.

Freedom of information act 2000

• this gives people the right to see data held about them by organisation ,and also to request access to data about organisations such as local councils or national government.

8 principles of data protections

• First principle - Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met and in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions set out in Schedule 3 or either of the two Statutory Instruments below is met.
• Third principle - Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
• Fourth principle - Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
• Fifth principle - Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
• Sixth principle - Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act.
• Seventh principle - Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
• Eighth principle - Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area, unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.
• Second principle - Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.

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