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• 9.1 Accessing the necessities of life- fresh water
• The basic human needs; food, water and shelter.
• Quality of life refers to all aspects of a person’s life. On one level this is the basic needs, and on another it is the standard of living.
• Aspects of someone’s standard of living; medical care, ability to vote, women’s rights, education rights.
• Global inequality refers to one portion of the world having better access to these things than others.
• 17% of the world has access to 80% of the world’s resources.
• Water:
• Used to drink, cook, wash and water crops.
• In some parts of the world, getting water means walking great distances to get usually contaminated water which kills thousands/year
• Usually occurs due to lack of sewage meaning rain carries rubbish, human and animal waste into the rivers and water supplies which is standard in developed countries
• 9.2 Accessing the necessities of life- food and shelter
• Malnutrition is where the body fails to develop due to it’s lack of essential vitamins and energy.
• Adequate shelter is important as protection from harsh weather and dangerous conditions.
• The hunger cycle: Poverty causes lack of food which leads to poor health which leads to being unable to work which leads to greater poverty. So the cycle repeats.
• Food:
• Children die from treatable diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria and measles. This is because of inadequate medical assistance and damaged immune systems due to malnutrition.
• Inflation of population means the amount of available housing is inadequate.
• Shanty towns, squatter settlements or slums are made out of any available materials. They lack water, sewage and electricity services. Disease and sickness is more than common.
• 1 billion people in slums
• The world’s biggest slum is in Mumbai and is called Dharavi. Very overpopulated.
• 9.3 Other aspects of the quality of life
• Human Rights.
• Women:
• The way women are seen affects their quality of life. They are often denied equal treatments but cultural customs and religious beliefs. Eg. denied access to education.
• Denial of education causes millions of illiterates and without these skills they will struggle to get a job to break the cycle of poverty.
• Type of Government:
• Democracies are increasingly common.
• Where there there is no democracy there is usually poor human rights and even speaking out against the government to a punishable act of imprisonment or execution.
• Access to Medical Care:
• Medical advances have enabled people to live longer, reduce child-birth deaths and improve overall quality of life.
• The inequality occurs when developed countries have easy access to medical care and hospitals with the best facilities, and poorer countries do not
• 9.4 The world and it’s resources
• The way resources are distributed causes inequalities and overuse by one party causes detriment to the environment.
• Natural resources:
• things from the physical environment that humans use. Eg. water, soil, trees and air. Other resources produce energy. Eg. fossil fuels and renewable resources.
• Fossil Fuels:
• Oil which has become an essential of the planet; powers engines, makes diesel, plastics, cosmetics and even medicines.
• Coal and natural gas are also important in everyday life for electricity, cooking and heating.
• Non-renewable meaning they are a limited resource and usually detrimental to environment
• Fossil Fuels Alternatives:
• Use of the environment such as solar, wind, tides, geothermal are seen for the future as they are renewable and unlimited. They are clean and ecologically sustainable.
• 9.5 Measuring inequality between countries
• Developed world: enjoy high standard of living and very high quality of life. Developing world: considerable variation in standard of living but the quality of living is generally low for many.
• A country’s level of development is measured by the monetary value of all the goods and services produced in a country/year called GDP (gross domestic product) or GNI (gross national income).
• They can be inaccurate when; one country produces valuable goods and the other produces cheap goods, only shows an average income, does not include personal produce.
• 9.6 The human development index
• Scale out of 1 that indicates quality of life.
• Since to GDP can be inadequate in telling the quality of life, the HDI was invented by the UN.
• Shows where programs of development in specific areas are required.
• Is based on three key areas; the GDP, life expectancy, literacy and education levels.
• Life expectancy is important as the longer the life the better access to medical care, food, and shelter.
• The HDI is used by governments to target areas that need attention. Also NGO’s (non-government organisations) can use the index to do good work.
• 9.7 Life opportunities throughout the world
• HDI Indicators:
• Statistics that determine the HDI of a country. Eg; freshwater, infant mortality rate and internet users.
• 9.8 Reducing global inequality
• UN is made of 193 countries and try to improve global quality of life.
• In 2000 they made a set of goals called the millennium development goals. They were to be completed by 2015.
• Rich countries were expected to: provide aid to LEDCs, allow free trade by removing restrictions that mean richer countries get richer, and to provide debt relief to poorer countries.
• Goals:
• 9.9 The importance of action
• There is much pressure placed on developed countries to give better aid, debt cancellation and fairer trade to LEDC’s
• 9.10 Global Organisations
• Non-government organisations work in three main areas; improving human rights, improving the status of women and protecting the environment.
• Providing Aid- e.g Directing money to a poor village to help build a well to improve the quality of life.
• Education- Health Education programs to break the cycle of disease
• Lobbying governments and other international organisations for change.Eg petitions
• Raising awareness- Eg media campaigns, internet support and huge public support.
• Organisations include Oxfam, Greenpeace, World Vision.