SAT Literature - created from Mind Map

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POETRY

NONFICTION

FICTION

Couplets: two consecutive rhyming lines

Heroic couplets: two consecutive lines which follow iambic pentameter

Sonnet: poem made of 14 lines of iambic pentameter

Free verse: poetry with no regular rhyme scheme or specific meter

Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. This is used mainly by Renaissance playwrights, such as Shakespeare, and survives all the way up to the 1900s (20th century)

Sprung rhythm: imitates the flow and rhythm of natural speech

Ballad: follows a rhyme scheme of ABCBDEFE, and the stanzas are 4 lines long

Concrete poetry: sometimes called emblematic poetry, this is when the words are formed into an image which has something to do with the theme

Narrative poetry: tells a story

Imagistic poetry: doesn't expand an idea or tell a story, but rather it just creates imagery of something. This is common in haikus

Discursive poetry: expands an idea, such as Wilfred Owen's poetry, which explores his ideas and thoughts on World War 1

Lyrical poetry: has a songlike quality because of its meter and rhyme, and expresses the thoughts/emotions of the speaker. Sonnets can be considered lyric poetry

Epithalamium: a poem written specifically for the bride on the way to her marital chamber

Trochee: a metrical foot consisting of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one; it is the reverse of an iamb

iamb: an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

Iambic tetrameter: a line consisting of four iambic feet

Iambic pentameter: a line consisting of 5 iambic feet

Anapest: a metric foot of 2 unstressed syllables followed by 1 stressed syllable

Anapestic tetrameter: four anapestic metrical feet per line.

Anapestic pentameter: 5 anapestic feet per line

Anapestic hexameter: 6 anapestic feet per line

Petrarchan sonnet: has 2 stanzas, an octet of 8 lines and a sestet of 6 lines. The octet's rhyme scheme is ABBA ABBA

Shakespearean sonnet: has three quatrains (4 line stanzas) and a couplet (2 line stanza)

Narrative writing: appears frequently in non-fiction work like history textbooks and biographies. This type of writing tells a story, and may include a plot, characterization, and dialogue, but it's all based on facts.

Descriptive writing: this type of writing is usually not enough to sustain a whole essay or story, so this is usually joined with other types of writing. They can describe scenes, places, people, or basically anything

Expository writing: only gives information and exposes something about a certain topic, but doesn't really try to persuade the reader

Persuasive writing: here, the writer wants to change the reader's mind or convince the audience to take action. To fulfil this purpose, the writer will use 3 appeals: pathos, logos and ethos.

Logos: the writer wants to speak to the audience logically. By using common sense and logic, evidence, and rational reasoning, the speaker tries to convince the audience with facts

Pathos: is the emotional appeal. Using stories that tug at our sympathies or language which is emotionally moving, the writer stirs our feelings to make us side with them.

Ethos: appeals to morals and ethical values, and tries to convince the audience that what the speaker is presenting is morally correct and for a good cause

First person minor character: a character who is not the main focus is telling the story, like a biography.

Third person observer: the narrator is not a character in the story, but more of a fly on the wall. The narrator doesn't know the thoughts and feelings of the characters but only sees what is happening

Third person limited omniscient: similar to the third person observer; this person isn't a character, but instead an observer, and this narrative viewpoint shows us the thoughts of only one character

Third person omniscient: the narrator is privy to the thoughts and feelings of all characters

First person major character: here, the story is told through the viewpoint of the protagonist

Tone: think of the way in which the narrator presents the written work. Is it particularly formal or informal? Amused or disdainful? Humble or pretentious? etc.