Karteikarten
Sociology- social stratification
Karten in diesem Stapel (39)
- 1Social Stratificationa system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
- 2Social Stratification (4 important principles)1. trait of society not individual differences
2. generation to generation
3. universal but variable
4. inequality but beliefs as well - 3Social Mobilitychanges in a person's position such as class -can be up, down or horizontal
- 4Caste Systemamounts to social stratification based on ascription (birth) a pure caste system is closed because birth alone determines a person's entire future, with little or no social mobility
- 5Class Systemsocial stratification is based on both ascription and individual achievement open-
- 6Class - status consistancy1.- consistency of a person's social standing across various dimension of social inequality is lower than in caste-2. -High degrees of status consistency and low degrees of social mobility go hand in hand
- 7Meritocracyis a system of stratification based entirely on individual merit and achievement-
- 8ideologyculture and beliefs that directly or indirectly justify social stratification
1. historical patterns (gender, race and social class)-
2. diversity- Is getting Rich- survival of the fittest? pg. 240 - 9Functions of social stratification (Davis Moore Thesis)This thesis states that the most valuable positions in society must yield sufficient rewards to attract the talent necessary to fill them.
- 10Stratification and Conflict (Karl Marx - class and conflict)Marx saw classes as defined by people's relationships to the means of production
1. - Capitalists- (or bourgeoisie) are people who own factories and other productive businesses
2.- Workers (or proletariat) are people who sell their productive labor to the capitalists - 11Class conflict and alienation,the experience of isolation and misery resulting from economic powerlessness, is an inevitable consequesnce of class inequality
- 12Western Capitalism to experience a Marxist revolution1. Capitalists class has fragmented and grown in size, giving more people a stake in the system
2. a higher standard of living has emerged
A.) Blue Collar occupations- manual labor, have declined
B.) White collar occupations- higher prestige - have expanded.
3. Worker's are better organized and able to fight for reform
4. The government has extended various legal protections to workers - 13Max WeberIdentified three distinct demensions of stratification: Class, status and power
- 14Weber- Socioeconomic statusa composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality(income, education and occupation)
- 15Weber's view of inequality(Pre-industrial agrarian societies/ caste systems-status, early industrial/ capitalist societies)
-class post industrial capitalist societies-power) - 16Social Stratification from three theoretical approaches pg 246Structural- functional theory
Social conflict theory
Symbolic interaction theory - 17Dimensions of Social Inequality (income)1. Income = wages, salaries, investments.
2. Median family income in 2011 was $60,974
3.Wealth = total amount of assets, minus outstanding debts, - 18Dimensions of Social Inequality Wealth - CorporationsOut of 6,000,000 corporations in America; only 2600 corporations control 80% of the corporate wealth
- 19Dimensions of inequality - Page 249- Distribution of income and wealth in the US1. the richest 1% of pf Americans control about 35% of all wealth
- 20Dimensions of social inequality Occupational prestigeOccupation serves as a key source of social prestige
- 21Dimensions of social inequality (Education)(approximately 30%of all American adults 25 or older are college graduates)
- 22Ascription and Social Stratification1. Ancestry 2. Race and Ethnicity 3. Gender 4. Religeon
- 23Ascription and social stratification (Ancestry)Ancestry- (over 1/3 of the richest individuals in America derived their wealth from inheritance)
- 24Social Classes in the United States Upper-Upper Class and Upper Class1. Upper class (5% of population, family income of at least $205,000/year)
a.) The upper-upper class is less than 1% of the population 1. inherited wealth 2. 100% college educated 3. Networks of national/international power and influence - 25The lower upper classWorking wealth, educated power and influence may be national based on achievement
Professional athletes, high corporate executives - 26The middle class (40-45% of the population)1. upper middle = 2/3 college, local influence, lawyers, engineers, business executives
2. average middle class= ($48,500-$116,000/year - 27Working class (30-35% of population)($27,000-$48,500/year)
25% college, 56% own homes- most blue collar occupations - 28The lower class(20% of the population, less than $27,000/year)
70% complete high school-15% college- low prestige- unemployed or under employed-43% own homes general in the least desirable neighbohoods - 29The difference class makes1. class and health
2. Class and values
3. class and politics
4. Class, family and gender - 30The difference class makes (class and values)Class and values(the rich are more liberal on social issues, more conservative on economic issues
- 31Types of social mobilityIntragenerational social mobility -Upward- using education to move up
Downward -ex. single woman household
Mobility varies by income level - wealth enables more wealth
Mobility varies by race, ethnicity, gender - 32Types of Social Mobility Thinking about Diversity pg 258 (Exception or rule)within a single generation the mobility s usually small - long term trend in social mobility has been upward- Since 1970's mobility is uneven - The short term trend is downward
- 33Poverty in the US23% (46,000,000 or 15% of population current poverty line $23,021 family of 4 in 2011. This represents the highest level of poverty in 50 years. However the income of the average poor family in 2012 was just 59% of the poverty level(13,500)
- 34Poverty Race and eithnicity66% of poor people are white- but African Americans are 3 times likely to be poor
- 35Poverty feminizationsingle mother homes- 52%
- 36Working Poor45% of those in poverty worked full -or part time in 2011
- 37Explaining Poverty Oscar LewisWelfare to workforce represents this viewpoint
- 38William Julius Wilson - Society primarily responsible for povertythe structure of occupational wages- evidence suggests that society rather than the individual is primarily responsible for poverty
- 39Controversy and Debate Page 267 The welfare dilemaWelfare Reforms, time limits on benefits
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- Sociology- social stratification
- Erstellt von
- Gelöschter Nutzer · Sep 2016
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- 28 Sep 2016
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