NATURE Vs NURTURE

NATURE Vs NURTURE

1. NURTURE

   • NURTURE IS THE PRODUCT OF EXPERIENCE
     • ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
     • LEARNING
   • WE INHERIT NOTHING AND ALL BEHAVIOUR IS ACQUIRED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF EXPERIENCE
   • 1920s
     • SKINNERS BOX AND PAVLOV'S DOGS (EXPERIMENTS) SHOWED HOW BEHAVIOUR CAN BE CLASSICALLY AND OPERANTLY CONDITIONED
   • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORISTS DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF MODELLING AND CONSEQUENT MEDIA INFLUENCES ON OUR BEHAVIOUR.
   • STRONG POTENTIAL FOR LEARNING EVEN IN SOME OF OUR BASIC BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SUCH AS VISUAL PERCEPTION
     • HELD AND HEIN'S CAROUSEL KITTENS
     • 1980s
   • MEN ARE TAUGHT TO RESPOND MORE AGGRESSIVELY THAN WOMEN
     • THE BRAIN STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED AS A RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
   • ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TRIGGER THE EXPRESSION OF THE DISORDER SUCH AS SCHIZOPHRENIA
   • EXPRESSIONS OF GENES ARE ALSO DETERMINED BY THE ENVIRONMENT
     • NUTRITION
     • STIMULATION
     • EXPERIENCE
   • A YOUNG MALE LEARNS A SONG BY LISTENING TO AND COPYING ADULT MALES
     • WITHOUT LEARNING HE DOES NOT SING THE PARTICULAR SONG OF HIS SPECIES

2. NATURE

   • NATURE REFERS TO INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS
   • ALL OUR BEHAVIOUR IS DERIVEN BY OUR GENETIC INHERITANCE AND BIOLOGY
   • TRACE THE EVOLUTION OF THE SPECIES THROUGH TIME USING FOSSIL RECORDS
     • HOW MUCH OF OUR BEHAVIOUR WAS DRIVEN THROUGH EVOLUTIONARY NEEDS
       • DRIVE TO SEXUALLY REPRODUCE
       • CHANGE TO THE ADAPTING ENVIRONMENT
       • PRESERVE RESOURCES
     • GIFTED CHILDREN CAME FROM GIFTED PARENTS
     • IT MAY BE OUR BIOLOGY THAT DETERMINED OUR INTELLIGENCE
     • DARWIN'S THEORY
   • DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC SCIENCES
   • SOME OF OUR BEHAVIOUR IS IN OUR GENES
     • ADDICTION
     • MENTAL ILLNESSES
   • GENETICS PLAY A PART
     • THEY CANNOT TELL US EVERYTHING
   • HIGH PROPORTION OF BEHAVIOURS CAN BE TRACED BACK TO EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS
   • SOME HORMONES AND EVOLUTIONARY DRIVES MAY MAKE SOME MEN MORE AGGRESSIVE
   • GENETIC BASIS FOR MANY ABNORMAL DISORDERS
   • INTELLIGENCE IS A COMPLEX SET OF SKILLS THAT ARE PARTIALLY DETERMINED BY GENETIC FACTORS
   • THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINGING ABILITIES REQUIRES THE GENETIC PROGRAM THAT PREPARES SOMEONE TO LEARN A SONG AND PREPARES THEM TO NOTICE AND ACT UPON THE ACTUAL EXPERIENCE OF HEARING THE SONG

3. BOTH

   • WE ARE BORN WITH SCHEMA WHICH WE THEN DEVELOP DEPENDING ON THE RICHNESS OF OUR EXPERIENCES
   • THERE ARE INTERCTIONS BETWEEN NATURE AND NURTURE
   • NEITHER NATURE OR NURTURE INDIVIDUALLY CAUSES DYSFUNCTION