Food and Nutrients

Proteins

• Protein - polymer made up of monomers
• Monomers - Amino Acids
• Enzyme:protease
• Found in poultry products
• Used for growth and tissue repair
• Found in enzymes
• Position and number of amino acids determine structure and function of protein
• There are about 20 different types of proteins
• Elements in proteins are C,H,O,N and S is there in 2 of them too
• There are 4 types of protein structures
• Primary - Made up of just one polypeptide chain
• Secondary - Double Helix shape, coiled
• Tertiary - 3D structure (enzymes)
• Quaternary - 4 or more polypeptide chains (haemoglobin)

Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides are one-sugar molecules
• Disaccharides are two-sugar molecules
• Polysaccharides are five(+) sugar molecules
• Made up of simple sugars
• Enzyme:amylase
• Found in: pasta, potatoes, rice, bread
• Contain C,H,O
• Two types -
• Starch (slow releasing energy)
• Sugar (instant energy release)
• Contain glucose used in respiration
• Longer chain molecules (starch) take more time to release energy
• Store in plants and animals and fungi
• e.g. cellulose, glycogen.
• Found in sucrose, maltose, fructose

Lipids (fats)

• Used for energy store and insulation
• Made up of glycerol (backbone) and 3 fatty acids
• Enzyme: lipase
• Found in fats, oils
• Contains C,H,O
• In excess: they're harmful as they clog up the arteries, therefore reducing the space for the oxygen to flow
• Making it possible for anginas, heart attacks, etc.

Characteristics of living things

• Movement - The organism or part of an organism is used to change position
• Respiration - The chemical reaction which uses oxygen to release energy from glucose
• Sensitivity - The organisms ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment
• Homoeostasis - The organisms ability to maintain internal conditions eg. water control, body temperature
• Growth - An increase in cells or cell size which causes permanent increase in dry mass
• Reproduction - When one organism produces another organism of the same type
• Excretion - Disposal of waste material from metabolic reactions, usually toxic
• Nutrition - Absorption of nutrients from food and other organic materials