GCSE PE - 1

GCSE PE - 1

1. Health, Fitness, Exercise and Performance

   • Health is a complete state of mental, social and physical well-being, not mearly the absence of disease and infirmity.
   • Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment.
   • Exercise is a form of physical activity done primarily to improve one's health and physical fitness.
   • Health Related Components
     • Cardiovascular Fitness
       • The ability of the heart to pump blood and deliver oxygen where needed in the body.
         • Eg. Running a Marathon
     • Muscular Endurance
       • The ability of muscles to move weight over a long period of time without tiring.
         • Eg. Long distance running
     • Strength and Muscular Strength
       • Is defined as the ability to lift a maximum weight in one attempt.
         • Dynamic Strength is required to start and maintaine a movement of the body.
           • Eg. Cycling
         • Explosive Strength is required when a high amount of force has to be applied quickly.
           • Eg. Shot Putt
       • Muscular Strength can be seen in a person lifting heavy weights.
         • Static Strength is required when applying strength to a fixed static object.
           • Eg. Pushing in a Rugby Scrum
     • Speed
       • The fastest rate at which a person can complete a task or cover a distance.
         • Eg. 100m Sprinter
     • Flexibility
       • Is the movement at a joint to its fullest range.
         • Eg. Gymnastics
   • Social
     • Sport develops friendships and social mixing.
       • Sport introduces co-operation and competitions
       • Sport introduces physical challenges and aesthetic appreciation.
   • Mental
     • Sport helps to releave stress/tension.
       • Sport helps relieve stress related illnesses.
   • Physical
     • Sport helps individual to feed and look good.
       • Sport enhances body shape.
       • Sport helps contribute to good health and enjoyment of life.

2. Skill Related Components

   • Reaction Time
     • The time it takes to respond to a stimulus (simple) or a variety of stimuli (choice).
       • Eg. Simple - Responding to a signal (sprint start to a gun).
       • Eg. Choice - Responding to a variety of signals ( playing a shot in cricket depending on the length of the ball pitched).
   • Agility
     • The ability to change direction quickly and still be in control.
       • Eg. Rugby - Running, avoiding opponents whilst in possession.
   • Balance
     • The ability to keep the body stable whether still (static), moving (dynamic) or in a different shape by keeping centre of gravity over the base.
       • Eg. Static - Holiding a position without movement (handstand in gymnastics).
       • Eg. Dynamic - Maintaining a position whilst moving (cycling).
   • Co-ordination
     • The ability to use two or more parts of the body at the same time.
       • Eg. Basketball - lay up shot.
   • Power
     • The ability to apply a combination of speed and strength in an action or movement.
       • Eg. Football - Goal keeper taking a goal kick.