Karteikarten
Chemistry F322 OCR
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1What happens at each step of the radical substitution of methane and bromine?Initiation - UV light splits by homolytic fission Br to Br bond creating 2 Br free radicals
Propagation - Br free radical reacts with methane to form HBr and CH3 free radical
CH3 radical reacts with bromine to from CH3Br and a Br radical
Termination - Radicals react with other radicals, so that all radicals are lost - 2What type of molecules react using electrophilic addition ?electrophiles and nucleophiles, e.g an alkene and bromine
- 3What conditions and reactants are needed for the hydration of ethene?- Water
-Temperature of 300C
-H3PO4 catalyst
-Pressure of 6MPa - 4What is a pi bond?the side ways overlap of 2 adjacent p orbitals
- 5What catalyses the reformation of straight chain alkanes?Bimetallic catalysts;
- platinum & rhenium
-platinum & iridium - 6Why are alkanes reformed?so they burn more smoothly and are more efficient
- 7In a table compare bio-ethanol and biodieselBio ethanol - made using yeast fermentation
-can be mixed with ordinary petrol up to 5% in cars running on ordinary unleaded petrol
Bio-diesel - produced from vegetable crops and can convert waste products into cooking oil etc
-can be mixed with conventional diesel up to 5% - 8Define heterolytic fissionWhen a convalent bond is broken and one of the atoms receives both of the electrons from the convalent bond. resulting in the formation of 2 different ions.
- 9Define homolytic fissionwhen a convalent bond is broken and each atom involved takes one electron from the bonded pair resulting in the formation on 2 radicals
- 10What is an electrophile?is the reactive ion or molecule that attacks an electron rich part of a molecule to form a new convalent bond
An electron pair acceptor - 11What is a nucleophile?a molecule;e or ion with a lone pair of electrons that can form a new convalent bond
an electron pair donor - 12A steroisomer....has the same molecular formula but a different 3-D arrangement in space
- 13Define homologous seriesA group of compounds that have the same molecular formula and contain the same functional group. Each member in the series differs from the next by CH2
- 14State the formula of atom economy(molecular mass of desire product/sum of the molecular masses of all products)
x 100 - 15Give 2 alternatives to using landfillincineration
recycling
biodegradable polymers
feed stock - 16How is ethanol prepared in industry?Hydration of ethene - react ethene with steam in the presence of phosphoric acid catalyst
Fermentation -anaerobic fermentation of sugar - 17What is formed when you oxidize a; a) primary alcohol b) secondary alcohola) either a aldehyde (distillation) or carboxylic acid (when refluxed)
b) ketone - 18What conditions are need to hydrolysis a halogenalkene?Reagent; NAOH or KOH
Conditions: solvent must be water and heated under a reflux
Produces a primary alcohol - 19How can delta H be calulated?-Q divided by moles
- 20What does hess's law state?if a reaction can take place by more than one route, the overall enthaply change fore the reaction is the same irrespective of the route taken, provided that the initial and final conditions are the same
- 21What does Le Chatliers principle state?that if a closed system at equilibrium is subject to a change the system will move to minimize the effect of the change
- 22What happens to the Boltzmann distribution curve if temperature increases?The distribution flattens and shifts to the right
Showing the increase in the number of particles greater than or equal to the activation energy
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- Beschreibung
- different questions focusing on OCR's F322 to go over before the exam
- Erstellt von
- Gelöschter Nutzer · Nov 2016
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- Erstellt von lilli.atkin · 27 Mai 2015
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