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16-18

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SCR16-18

Frage 1 von 41

1

What is the minimum number of people required to constitute organized crime, according to the Criminal Code definition?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Two or more Canada residents.

  • Three or more Canadian residents.

  • Three or more persons in or outside Canada.

  • Two or more persons.

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 41

1

Table 16.1 identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime, all of which are collectively grouped into four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Institutional.

  • Rational.

  • Commercial.

  • Structural/organizational.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 41

1

In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City, Ianni (1974) identified two basic forms of relationships among individuals involved in organized crime. Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by business relationships among members?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Entrepreneurial.

  • Syndicated.

  • Hierarchical.

  • Associational.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 41

1

Which of the following distinguishes organized crime from terrorism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The existence of an organizational structure.

  • The use of violence.

  • International operations.

  • The pursuit of financial or material benefits as its main motivation.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 41

1

Which of these criminal activities can be considered both a predatory and a consensual crime?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The counterfeiting and sale of digital entertainment products.

  • Stock market manipulation.

  • Fraud.

  • Kidnapping for ransom.

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 41

1

Which of the following is not generally considered a consensual organized criminal activity?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Extortion.

  • Prostitution.

  • Drug trafficking.

  • Gambling.

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the dominant organized crime genres in Canada identified in the textbook?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Nigerian.

  • Aboriginal.

  • Russian.

  • Italian.

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 41

1

The term La Cosa Nostra refers to which of the following?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The Sicilian Mafia in Italy.

  • Turkish–American organized crime.

  • Italian–American organized crime.

  • The Columbian Mafia in the US.

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 41

1

The term “vory v zakone” is a part of what organized crime genre?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Russian organized crime.

  • Vietnamese organized crime.

  • Outlaw motorcycle gangs.

  • Italian organized crime.

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 41

1

What country has the highest number of Hells Angels members per capita, according to the textbook?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mexico.

  • United States.

  • Canada.

  • England.

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 41

1

What is the dominant illegal activity carried out by Aboriginal organized crime in central Canada?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Smuggling.

  • Prostitution.

  • Gambling.

  • Fraud.

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 41

1

What theory concerning the origin and structure of organized crime in North America was forcefully promoted by the US Senate Committee headed by Senator Kefauver?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Patron–client theory.

  • Alien conspiracy theory.

  • Group conflict theory.

  • Ethnic succession theory.

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 41

1

Jewish gangsters were overrepresented among drug traffickers in Quebec during the 1920s. At the same time, it is largely acknowledged that anti–Semitism was widespread in that province. Based on these facts, which of the following theories best explains the rise of the Jewish gangster in Quebec?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Alien conspiracy theory.

  • Routine activities theory.

  • Ethnic succession theory.

  • Interactionist theory.

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 41

1

What is the term used by the textbook to describe how organized crime arises from the criminalization of a good or vice by the state?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ethnic succession theory.

  • Neo–classical theory.

  • Strain theory.

  • Public policy impetus.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 41

1

Which of the following is not one of the models proposed to describe the structure of an organized crime group?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The syndicate model.

  • The interactionist model.

  • The kinship model.

  • The bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 41

1

Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a fluid and loosely knit network of like– minded criminal entrepreneurs, none of whom has any long–term authority over the others?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Kinship model.

  • Network model.

  • Bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

  • Patron–client model.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 41

1

Which of the following best describes the costs of white–collar crime to society, compared to street crime?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is a little more costly in dollar terms.

  • It is less costly in dollar terms.

  • It is much more costly in dollar terms.

  • It is about the same in terms of societal costs.

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 41

1

What is the distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class.

  • Occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime.

  • Occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class.

  • People commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation.

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 41

1

The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’ accounts. What is this an example of?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Occupational crime.

  • Corporate crime.

  • Executive disengagement.

  • Organizational crime.

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 41

1

What are crimes committed on behalf of corporations called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Occupational crimes.

  • Professional crimes.

  • White–collar crimes.

  • Organizational crimes.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 41

1

Why is white–collar crime related to class position?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Unlike street crimes, white–collar crime is committed exclusively by those in the middle class.

  • White–collar positions carry a level of power that provides employees with freedom from control, which may be criminogenic.

  • The lower someone ranks in their graduating class from business school, the higher the chance they will commit a white–collar crime.

  • Individuals who lack business school education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white–collar crimes.

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 41

1

What does the legal concept of a “juristic person” refer to?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The concept of intention or mens rea.

  • The legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals.

  • Equality before the law.

  • Judges and other members of the court.

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the custom by which lower–level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions and actions of employees?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Executive disengagement.

  • Insider trading.

  • Management liability.

  • Juristic person.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 41

1

What term does the textbook use when referring to a legitimate economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Corporate anomie.

  • Juristic disengagement.

  • Underground economy.

  • Criminogenic market structure.

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 41

1

Earl Jones and Bernie Madoff where both responsible for orchestrating series investment frauds. According to the textbook both individuals were involved in:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Accounting fraud.

  • Insider auditor fraud.

  • Bookkeeping fraud.

  • Ponzi fraud.

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 41

1

According to a survey of judges by Mann et al. (1980), why do corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They have very good lawyers.

  • Judges and corporate executives come from the same upper–class background.

  • They have done little harm.

  • Judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction.

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 41

1

Which of the following is not an example of an Occupational Crime?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A doctor who overbills an insurance provider

  • A company that knowingly misreports quarterly profits.

  • A pharmacist who sells counterfeit medicine

  • A cashier who discounts items for his/her friends

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 41

1

Which of the following terms is used to refer to criminal and unethical behaviour by professional practitioners, such as doctors?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ponzi schemes.

  • Occupational criminal practising.

  • Price–fixing.

  • Unprofessional conduct and malpractice.

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 41

1

All of the following are common forms of investment and securities fraud, except one. Which is the exception?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pump and dump.

  • Ponzi scheme.

  • Extortion.

  • Insider trading.

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 41

1

People who work in the justice system sometimes break the rules or exhibit incompetence. A good example of this incompetency is the case of David Milgaard. According to the textbook, the Milgaard case is an example of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Racial Profiling

  • White Collar Crime

  • Wrongful Convictions

  • Political Corruption

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 41

1

After visiting over 150 Canadian Auto Repair shops Robert Sikorsky (1990) concluded that a significant portion of these businesses overcharged and provided unnecessary repairs. According to the textbook, this is an example of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Political Corruption

  • Criminogenic disregard.

  • White–Collar Crime

  • Blue–Collar Crime

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as phishing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Using an Internet connection to access social media, chat rooms, or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes.

  • The attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.

  • When a fraudster sends an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.

  • The use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of illegal resale or redistribution.

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ripping.

  • Skimming.

  • Spamming.

  • Phishing.

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 41

1

Which of the following terms refer to attempts to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Spamming.

  • Phishing.

  • Skimming.

  • Hacking.

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 41

1

Which of the following can best be described as skimming?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sending an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.

  • Attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.

  • Sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e–mail messages to other users.

  • Using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e–transmissions, which will enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud.

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 41

1

Which of the following best represents the term cybercrime?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Crimes that differentiate online institutional targets from human ones.

  • Crimes committed by cyborgs.

  • Online crimes that are largely analogous to offline crimes of violence and sexual offending.

  • Any criminal, deviant, or terrorist act that takes place over the Internet.

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 41

1

Which of the following terms refers to the use a computer to orchestrate large–scale “attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cyberterrorism.

  • Cybertrafficking.

  • Cyberdeviance.

  • Cybercrime.

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 41

1

Computer–based criminal offences committed against financial institutions or government agencies tend to fall under blanket terms such as cyberespionage or cyberterrorism. Which of the following is not common to each of these?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Hacking is often central to these cyberattacks.

  • They both attack human targets.

  • They both require the use of technology, such as a computer and Internet access.

  • They both attack institutional targets, not human targets.

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 41

1

What is it called when a number of disparate users within a virtual space follow the lead of a cyberbully and publicly gang up on a single victim by sending harassing and humiliating communications?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cyberbullying.

  • Cybermassacre.

  • Flashmobbing.

  • Cybermobbing.

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 41

1

Secretly watching others (offline) without their consent to foster a sense of arousal (also called voyeurism) is analogous to what in the digital (online) world?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The use of a smartphone for the purposes of sexting.

  • The use of a smartphone to make obscene phone calls.

  • The use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people.

  • Trolling the Internet to download digital pictures of people.

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 41

1

The subcultural networks of people who seek to circumvent the customary user experiences of websites are best described as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Deviant cybercommunties

  • Internet pirates

  • Cyberbullies

  • Scatologia

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