MEDITERRANEAN MIGRATION FLOWS

*60% retirees move to Spain
*761,000 Brits in Spain
*74,636 Pensioners in Spain
*Joined EEC 1986
*Schengen 1995
*Cheap Airlines
IMPACTS SPAIN
*Tensions - Ex Pat x
*Voting - change politics x
*Increase house prices x
*Grey pound /
*Resources gain value /

IMPACTS UK
*Loss of grey pound x
*Lose workforce (early retirement) x
*Balance population structure /
*Reduces care costs /

ARCTIC
CC here = largest & most rapid.
NATURAL SYSTEM IMPACTS

VEG SHIFT-North-Coniferous forest on Tundra, destabilising food webs.
-Longer, Warmer growing season.
PERMAFROST THAW- 40%, esp. siberia.
-Release methane
-Lakes/Rivers drain
-Rising rivers=increased flooding
-Impact Freshwater fish
INCREASED FIRES&INSECTS-Tree death - loss of habitat
UV - Kills phytoplankton
CARBON CYCLE CHANGES-More forests = more primary productivity.
-More CO2 uptake.
-Methane may counterbalance.
OTHER- More coastal erosion as permafrost thaw weakens coast = more storm surges.

AFRICA

WATER ISSUES - Many rivers internationally shared (Nile) ->potential conflict.
-Demand outstrips supply.
FOOD INSECURITY - 70% subsistence farmers.
-Increased locusts -> threaten food.
NATURAL RESOURCES - Poor depend on plants, reduced biodiversity affects them.
HEALTH - Vector&Water-borne diseases increase.
-80% remedies rely on plants.

CALIFORNIA

*Loma Prieta EQ 1989.
*El Nino -> Drought -> LA desert.
*Landslides->Rockies
*Fog/Smog->suburbanisation - increased vulnerability to wildfires.
*Dry climate=drought-> When it rains, it pours.
*Vulnerable population - 40 million - megacity.
*MDC
EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
*Drills
*Leaflets
*Seismologists