Toria Chukwuemeka
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Toria Chukwuemeka
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Bio 1240

Frage 1 von 156

1

_____ are alternative forms of a gene that govern the same feature, such as eye color

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • alleles

  • loci

  • genes

  • coupled traits

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 156

1

pea plants were ell chosen for use in Mendel's breeding experiment for all of the following reasons except

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • peas show easily observed variations in a number of characteristics which as pea shape and flower color

  • it is possible to completely control matings between different pea plants

  • it is possible to obtain large number of progeny from any given cross

  • peas have an unusually long generation time (life span)

  • many of the observable characteristics that vary in pea plants are controlled by single genes

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 156

1

the separation of alleles of a gene takes place during

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • anaphase of mitosis

  • cytokinesis of mitosis

  • anaphase I of meiosis

  • telophase II of meiosis

  • cytokinesis of meiosis

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 156

1

which of the following represents the possible genotype(s) resulting from a cross between an individual homozygous (ZZ) and one heterozygous (Zz) individual?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ZZ and Zz

  • ZZ, Zz, and zz

  • ZZ only

  • Zz only

  • zz only

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 156

1

Mating an individual expressing a dominant phenotype, but whose genotype is unknown, with an individual expressing the corresponding recessive phenotype is an example of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a heterozygous cross

  • an F1 cross

  • an F2 cross

  • a parental cross

  • a test cross

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 156

1

in humans, assume that the allele for brown eyes is dominant and the allele for blue eyes is recessive. If two brown-eyed individuals have a child with blue eyes, that means

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • both parents are homozygous for brown eyes

  • both parents are heterozygous for eye color

  • multiple alleles are involved

  • none of these

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 156

1

mendel crossed true-breeding plants having yellow peas with plants having green peas. the resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F2 cross resulted in 3/4 of the plants having yellow peas and 1/4 of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for color?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • yellow is usually the dominant color, but sometimes green can be dominant

  • green is the dominant color

  • yellow is the dominant color

  • yellow is the recessive color

  • the F1 plants must have had some green peas that went unnoticed

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 156

1

An organism with the genotype of AaXx can produce gametes containing ____ if the two genes are unlinked

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • either Aa or Xx

  • either AX, Ax, aX, ax

  • AaXx

  • AX or ax

  • A,a,X,x

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 156

1

why is color blindness more common in males than in females?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • because females would have to receive one copy of the recessive color blindness gene to actually express the trait

  • because a male only needs to receive one recessive allele from his mother to be color-blind

  • because color blindness is an Y-linked trait

  • females are hemizygous

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 156

1

what are the possible phenotypes of the children of the children is the mother has Type O blood and the father has AB blood?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all AB

  • A,B

  • A, AB

  • A, B, AB

  • A, B, O

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 156

1

The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code verified by the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • phosphodiester bonds of the DNA strand

  • number of separate strands of DNA

  • size of a particular chromosome

  • specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule

  • number is bases in a DNA strand

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 156

1

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5' - AGATCCG - 3' ?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5' - AGATCCG - 3'

  • 3' - AGATCCG - 5'

  • 5' - CTCGAAT - 3'

  • 3' - CTCGAAT - 5'

  • 3' - TCTAGGC - 5'

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 156

1

Transcription of RNA takes place in the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • mitochondria

  • cytoplasm

  • ribosomes

  • nucleus

  • endoplasmic reticulum

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 156

1

which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing RNA chain?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA polymerase

  • DNA helicase

  • RNA primer

  • RNA polymerase

  • more than one of these

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 156

1

the form of RNA the carries the code from DNA to the site where the protein is assembled his called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • messenger RNA

  • nuclear RNA

  • ribosomal RNA

  • transfer RNA

  • structural RNA

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 156

1

uracil can pair with

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ribose

  • adenine

  • cytosine

  • thymine

  • guanine

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 156

1

the portions of an RNA molecule that are translated are called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • introns

  • exons

  • regulatory proteins

  • anticodons

  • transcriptions

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 156

1

sickle-cell anemia is caused by what type of mutation

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • frameshift

  • missense

  • nonsense

  • silent

  • viral

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 156

1

The inner surface of epithelial tissue rests on a

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • layer os adipose tissue

  • basement membrane / extracellular matrix

  • mix of cells and polysaccharides

  • mix of cells and proteins

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 156

1

the principal difference between simple and stratified epithelium is in the number of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cell layers

  • total cells

  • nuclei per cell

  • free surfaces

  • microvilli

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 156

1

what type of tissue is blood?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • epithelial

  • muscular

  • connective

  • adipose

  • noncellular fluid

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 156

1

impulses are received by nerve cells through

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an axon

  • any process that is long enough to reach the receptor

  • numerous dendrites

  • the intervention of the neuroglia

  • chondrocytes

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 156

1

an _____ is a combination of two or more kinds of tissue that together perform one or more functions

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • organ

  • cell

  • organ system

  • connective tissue

  • neuroglial cell

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 156

1

at rest, a nerve cell has a

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • negative membrane potential

  • difference of -70mV comparing the inside to the outside

  • resting potential

  • all of these are correct

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 156

1

for sodium to accumulate rapidly inside a neuron cell membrane,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a stimulus above the threshold open sodium gates

  • the wave of depolarization must occur to reestablish a resting potential

  • there must be a dramatic increases in the negative charge of the cytoplasm

  • the potassium gates must open first

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 156

1

which of the following would not be considered part of the peripheral nervous system?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the eyes

  • the spinal cord

  • afferent neurons

  • the ears

  • efferent neurons

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 156

1

afferent neurons

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • transmit information to the central nervous system

  • provide support for the neurons

  • transmit information from the central nervous system to effectors

  • are part of the central nervous system

  • connect motor and sensory neurons

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 156

1

what happens immediately following the closing of the sodium gates during an action potential?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sodium ions enter the cell

  • sodium ions leave the cell

  • potassium ions enter the cell

  • potassium ions leave the cell

  • calcium ions leave the cell

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 156

1

the membrane-bound enzyme system that helps to maintain the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sodium-phosphorus

  • sodium-potassium

  • sodium-chlorine

  • phosphorus-calcium

  • phosphorus-chlorine

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 156

1

which form of RNA carries the code from the lac operon to the site where the protein is assembled?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • messenger RNA

  • nuclear RNA

  • ribosomal RNA

  • transfer RNA

  • structural RNA

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 156

1

genes may be

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • turned on and off (regulated)

  • activated for only a short time in one cell and a long time in another cell

  • turned on and left on (constitutive)

  • two of these are correct

  • all of these are correct

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 156

1

co-repressors in a repressible system bind to the ____ and make the operon _____

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • operator, inactive

  • repressor, inactive

  • operator, active

  • repressor, active

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 156

1

RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the ___ in order for a gene to be transcribed

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • activator

  • regulator

  • promotor

  • operator

  • repressor

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 156

1

the lac genes of E. coli are transcribe in the presence of lactose because

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • RNA polymerase binds to the operator

  • the repressor cannot bind to the promoter

  • as isomer of lactose binds to the repressor

  • none of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 156

1

which of the following applies to an inducible system?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor

  • a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in the presence of a corepressor

  • an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor

  • an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in the absence of an inhibitor

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 156

1

which of the following lists the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling in paracrine signaling between two cells?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • amplifying, signal transducing, receiving, responding

  • signal transducing, sending, receiving, terminating

  • sending, signal transducing, receiving, amplifying

  • receiving, sending, signal transducing, responding

  • sending, receiving, signal transducing, responding

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 156

1

a receptor on the cell surface usually has several domains. The functions of the external domain is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • transmitting the signal to the inside of the cell

  • holding the receptor within the membrane

  • attaching the receptor to the DNA

  • function as an enzyme

  • binding the signaling molecule/ligand

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 156

1

a protein kinase directly catalyzes the reaction in which

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a protein becomes glycosylated

  • a protein is phosphorylated (gains a phosphate group)

  • genes are transcribed

  • all of those

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 156

1

what does the term dominant mean?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • it is the allele that is expressed in heterozygous organisms

  • it is the allele (and phenotype) that is more beneficial to the organism

  • it is the only type of allele that can be transmitted to future generations

  • it is the phenotype that will be exhibited in every individual, in every generation

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 156

1

the physical appearance an organism exhibites for a particular trait is called the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • genotype

  • synapsis

  • genetics

  • dominance

  • phenotype

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 156

1

the physical position of a gene along a chromosome is its

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • trait

  • locus

  • allele

  • chromatid

  • none of the above

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 156

1

which genetic inheritance principle(s) was/were proven by gregor mendel using a cross that examined a single trait of Pisum sativum

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • dominance

  • independent assortment

  • two of these

  • segregation

  • all of these

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 156

1

a heterozygous male hamster is crossed with a female hamster that is homozygous recessive. If they produce 100 offspring, which answer below is the most reasonable number of heterozygotes produced?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 100

  • 51

  • 24

  • 0

  • none of these is a realistic possibility

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 156

1

mendel found that tall plants and yellow peas are dominant in the Pisum satvium plant. What is the expected phenotype for a pea plant with the genotype Ttyy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • tall with yellow peas

  • short with yellow peas

  • heterozygous

  • Ty

  • tall with green peas

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 156

1

how many alleles are present for a single gene in a typical gamete?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • depends on the organism

  • more than two

  • two

  • one

  • none

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 156

1

in a typical mendellian monohybrid F1 x F1 cross, what percentage of offspring should have a homozygous recessive genotype?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 50

  • 25

  • 75

  • 100

  • 0

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 156

1

a lizard with a striped tail and solid head is crossed with one having a solid tail and spotted head. All of their offspring have solid tails and solid heads. Which of the following could be a parental genotype?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • TtHh

  • Tthh

  • ttHH

  • TTHH

  • tthh

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 156

1

a genetic cross is conducted. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. What conclusion can be drawn?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • there are four separate genes involved

  • this is a test cross

  • this cross supports the idea of independent assortment, as described by mendel

  • this genotypic ratio is 3:1

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 156

1

the following cross was set up

AAbb x aaBB

What percentage of offspring will exhibit a dominant phenotype for gene A?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 100%

  • 25%

  • 50%

  • monohybrid

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 156

1

molly has a crop of red raspberries, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have been thornless. Daniel has a crop of black raspberries, produced from 10 generations of black raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. Suppose Molle and Daniel cross their plants and all offspring are Red Thorny. Which gametes will those red thorny offspring produce?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Rt, Rt, rT, rt

  • Rt, rT

  • RT, Rt

  • RrTt

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 156

1

yen has a crop of red roses, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the rose bushes have been thornless. Usman has a crop of black roses, produced from 10 generations of black roses. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. If yen and usman cross their plants, what phenotype would be exhibited by the offspring?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • RRTT

  • black thornless

  • thorny thornless

  • red thornless

  • cannot determine

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 156

1

in string beans, green is dominant to yellow, and long beans are dominant to short. A plant that has long yellow beans is crossed with a plant that has short green beans. All of the offspring are identical to each other. Predict the parental genotypes

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • GgLl x GgLl

  • GgLl x ggll

  • GGLL x ggll

  • GGll x ggLL

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 156

1

two heterozygous hamsters are crossed. what percentage of their offspring will likely be homozygous dominant?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 33%

  • 50%

  • 25%

  • 0%

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 156

1

an individual who has trisomy 21 (Downs syndrome) has ___ total chromosomes per cell

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 47

  • 21

  • 26

  • 24

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 156

1

a human gamete is found to possess 24 chromosomes. which of the following statements is correct?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the gamete is normal

  • nondisjunction occurred during zygote formation

  • nondisjunction occurred during meiosis

  • none of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 156

1

in a certain small mammal, spotted tongue is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. In one litter, there are 2 females with spotted tongues, 1 male with spotted tongue, and 1 male without spotted tongue. What is the phenotype of the father?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cannot determine

  • dominant

  • recessive

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 156

1

in a certain iris flower variety, gene "Q" controls seed color, and it controls susceptibility to a disease. this gene exhibits

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • additive dominance

  • variegation

  • pleiotropy

  • codominance

  • incomplete dominance

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 156

1

which trait in humans is known to exhibit multiple alleles?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sickle cell disease

  • color blindness

  • hemophilia

  • blood typing antigens

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 156

1

an individual is homozygous recessive for colorblindness (XcXc). which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the individual's mother is colorblind

  • the individual is a male

  • the indidual's father is not colorblind

  • none of these can be correct

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 156

1

a child has blood type O. His mother has blood type A. It is not possible for his father to have blood type:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • AB

  • O

  • A

  • B

  • more than one choice is correct

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 156

1

Zachary has hemophilia, and X-linked condition. His fiancee, Taylor, does not hace the condition nor does she carry an allele for it. Which statement concerning their potential offspring is correct?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 100% of their daughters will carry the hemophilia allele

  • 50% of their daughters will have hemophilia

  • none of their sons will have hemophilia

  • 100% of their children will have hemophilia

  • more than one of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 156

1

the central dogma of genetics outlines the transfer of geneti information as follows:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • translation > transcription > replication

  • translation > replication > transcription

  • transcription > translation > replication

  • replication > transcription > translation

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 156

1

which of the following statements about DNA is false

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose

  • DNA does not contain uracil

  • DNA is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells

  • DNA is usually double-stranded rather than single-stranded

  • all of these statements is false

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 156

1

in ____, the total number if purines is equal to the total number of pyrimidines

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • single-stranded DNA

  • single-stranded RNA

  • double-stranded DNA

  • more than one of these

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 156

1

a double stranded SNA molecule is analyzed. on strand 1, there is a adenosine at the 3' terminus. based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • on strand 2, there is a uracil at the 5' terminus

  • on strand 2, there is a adenosine at the 5' terminus

  • on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 5' terminus

  • on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 3' terminus

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 156

1

the enzyme ___ catalyzes phosphodiester bonds in a growing deoxynucleotide strand

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • more than one of these

  • RNA polymerase

  • DNA polymerase

  • DNA helicase

Erklärung

Frage 67 von 156

1

Place the following events of DNA replication in the proper sequence

(A) the hydrogen bonds holding two strands together break, allowing the strands to separate
(B) phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotide substrates
(C) free-floating nucleotide substrates align with complimentary nucleotides on the template
(D) the coils in the helix unwind
(E) hydrogen bonds form between template strands and newly synthesized strands

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DACBE

  • ECBAD

  • DCBAE

  • DACEB

Erklärung

Frage 68 von 156

1

a nucleotide monomer, when incorporated into a growing polynucleotide strand, is ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • added to the 5' end of the DNA or RNA molecule

  • added to the 3' end of the DNA or the 5' RNA molecule

  • added to the 3' end of the DNA or RNA molecule

  • none of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 69 von 156

1

which of the following is not directly needed for transcription to occur

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • nucleotide monomers

  • DNA polymerase enzymes

  • a promoter

  • DNA

  • all of these are required

Erklärung

Frage 70 von 156

1

complementary and anti-parallel describes with of the following?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA template:RNA during transcription

  • ssDNA

  • dsDNA

  • two of these

  • all of these

Erklärung

Frage 71 von 156

1

sequences of nucleotides that ARE translated include

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • exons

  • codons

  • anticodons

  • two previous choices are correct

  • three previous choices are correct

Erklärung

Frage 72 von 156

1

there are only 20,000 genes in human beings. Which of the following is not a way that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the amount of an mRNA in a particular cell could be regulated by its stability

  • alternative splicing could allow for one gene to produce different proteins with different function

  • certain genes could be turned on in some cell types but not in others contributing to different phenotypes in different cells

  • all of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized

  • more than one of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized

Erklärung

Frage 73 von 156

1

which type of nucleic acid contains the codon sequence found in the chart used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ribosomal RNA

  • transfer RNA

  • messenger RNA

  • template DNA strand

  • more than one of these

Erklärung

Frage 74 von 156

1

the genetic code is redundant. this means that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • some codons code for more than one amino acid

  • more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule

  • there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code

  • some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon

Erklärung

Frage 75 von 156

1

as depicted in the central dogma, ____ is necessary to pass traits to future generations, whereas ____ are necessary for gene expression

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • replication; transcription and translation

  • transcription; translation and replication

  • translation; replication and transcription

  • none of these

Erklärung

Frage 76 von 156

1

which of the following is a small, circular DNA molecule, found in bacteria, and is used as a vector (a carrier that can transport a DNA fragment to a desired location?)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • probe

  • plasmid

  • transformation

  • restriction enzyme

Erklärung

Frage 77 von 156

1

a certain gene contains 60 nucleotides. close to when transcription of the gene begins, one extra nucleotide is inserted into the growing RNA. as a result, the polypeptide later produced ____

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • will most likely have one fewer amino acids

  • will most likely contain one altered amino acid

  • will most likely contain several incorrect amino acids due to a frameshift

  • will most likely contain one extra amino acid

Erklärung

Frage 78 von 156

1

the transcriptionally regulated genes within an operon that code for the proteins needed to achieve the operon's overall goal are called the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • repressible

  • regulatory

  • inducible

  • structural

Erklärung

Frage 79 von 156

1

which gene segment is positioned in between the promoter and the structural genes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the RNA polymerase

  • the operator

  • the repressor protein

  • the codon

Erklärung

Frage 80 von 156

1

some operons are considered inducible while others are repressible. which situation describes the lac operon and trp operons?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • lac is inducible; trp is repressible

  • both are inducible

  • lac is repressible; trp is inducible

  • both are repressible

Erklärung

Frage 81 von 156

1

an E. coli cell is growing in an environment that contains no lactose and no trytophan. which genes would you expect to be actively expressed in this cell?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the trp E structural gene

  • the lac Z gene

  • the regulatory gene that is the lac operon

  • two of the previos choices are correct

  • all of the previous choices are correct

Erklärung

Frage 82 von 156

1

the expression of a certain gene was recently studied in a large number of cells from a large number of individuals. in every cell type and in every organism the rate of gene expression was the same. this suggests that the gene is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • controlled in a repressible operon

  • controlled in an inducible operon

  • catabolic

  • constitutively expressed

  • not easily classified

Erklärung

Frage 83 von 156

1

a certain infectious bacterium uses five enzymes to synthesize its disease causing components. all five of these enzymes are produced together in the bacterial cell. the region of the bacterial DNA that contains the genes for these enzymes is most precisely called a(n)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • vector

  • regulatory region

  • chromosome

  • operon

Erklärung

Frage 84 von 156

1

which portion of the lac operon must be attached to something (i.e. an outside molecule) for initiation of transcription of the structural genes to occur?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • structural gene D

  • structural gene E

  • the lac promoter region

  • the lac operator region

Erklärung

Frage 85 von 156

1

a bacterial culture can produce molecule Z. production is reduced when molecule Z is produced by the cells in large amounts or when it is added by a researcher to the growth medium. production of molecule Z is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sporadic

  • constitutive

  • controlled by a repressible operon

  • controlled by an inducible operon

Erklärung

Frage 86 von 156

1

what is the primary goal of the lac operon in E. coli?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • to break lactose into its subunits

  • to use lactose as a molecular building block

  • to synthesize lactose from smaller components

  • all of the above

Erklärung

Frage 87 von 156

1

in the lac operon, what would be the result of a defect in the operator site that prevented repressor attachment?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the repressor would attach to the promoter

  • the operon would be permanently turned on

  • the structural genes would not be expressed

  • the operon would be permanently turned off

Erklärung

Frage 88 von 156

1

which gene codes for a catabolic enzyme?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • gene E in the trp operon

  • gene z in the lac operon

  • gene a in the trp operon

  • the operator segment in the lac operon

  • none of these

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Frage 89 von 156

1

which characteristics of eukaryotes present challenges to our study of gene regulation?

1. relatively short life span and lack of developmental changes
2. increased size of the eukaryotic genome
3. multicellularity with cell specialization
4. simplistic internal cell anatomy

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all four charateristics

  • characteristic 2 and 3

  • characteristic 2, 3, and 4

  • characteristic 3, exclusively

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Frage 90 von 156

1

tightly fitted sheets of cells are observed in ____ tissues

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cartilage

  • blood

  • epithelial

  • connective

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Frage 91 von 156

1

the ability to exert force by contracting is observed in _____ tissues

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • muscle

  • nervous

  • epithelial

  • blood

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Frage 92 von 156

1

the linings of blood vessels are called ____ but are categorized as simple squamous epithelium

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • exovascular

  • endothelium

  • ectothelium

  • epicardium

Erklärung

Frage 93 von 156

1

autocrine signaling differs from other types of signaling in that the signaling molecule

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • is received by the same cell that sends it

  • acts on nearby cells

  • binds to a receptor

  • is secreted by neurons only

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Frage 94 von 156

1

channel-linked receptors such as those that bind to neurotransmitters

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • can be ligand-gated or voltage gated

  • must be located on a cell membrane like the plasma membrane

  • allow for movement of ions down their concentration gradients

  • two of these are correct

  • all of these are correct

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Frage 95 von 156

1

of the four steps in neural signaling, which one involves sorting and interpretation of stimuli?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • transmission

  • integration

  • reception

  • none of these

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Frage 96 von 156

1

stimuli are often converted to electrical signals by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sensory receptors

  • glial cells

  • autonomic nerves

  • efferent neurons

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Frage 97 von 156

1

which of the following conditions can provide environmental information to a sensory receptor?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • molecular concentration

  • pressure changes and vibrations

  • light and heat

  • two of these

  • all of the above

Erklärung

Frage 98 von 156

1

the conversion of stimulus energy into an energy form that can be communicated to the central nervous system is called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • adaptation

  • reception

  • summation

  • transduction

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Frage 99 von 156

1

free nerve endings are involved in the sense of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • smell

  • sight

  • pain

  • touch

  • taste

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Frage 100 von 156

1

the ability for visual accommodation is possessed by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • insects and vertebrates

  • vertebrates, sea stars, and hydra

  • vertebrates

  • vertebrates, flatworms, and crustaceans

Erklärung

Frage 101 von 156

1

which of the following statements is false?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cones allow us to see colors

  • the fovea portion of the retina has a high concentration of rods and a low concentration of cones

  • rods are more sensitive to dim light than cones

  • all of the statements are false

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Frage 102 von 156

1

which statement is false?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the sclera controls the amount of light that enters the pupil

  • the retina contains photoreceptors

  • the cornea is transparent

  • ciliary muscles are necessary for accommodation

Erklärung

Frage 103 von 156

1

the first focusing element in a vertebrate eye from the front to the back is the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cornea

  • iris

  • lens

  • retina

Erklärung

Frage 104 von 156

1

___ is an accumulation of excess connetive tissue on the lens, resulting in visual impairment

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cataract

  • farsightedness

  • an astigmatism

  • glaucoma

Erklärung

Frage 105 von 156

1

which portion of the human ear contains sensor receptors

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • tympanic membrane

  • cochlea

  • semicircular canals

  • pinna

  • more than one of these

Erklärung

Frage 106 von 156

1

place the parts of the ear in the correct order as sound waves are received by the outer ear for transduction to a receptor potential for hearing

1. incus
2. malleus
3. stapes
4. tympanic membrane
5. semicircular canals
6. cochlea

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 42135

  • 21346

  • 42136

  • 51236

Erklärung

Frage 107 von 156

1

the direction of information flow in a single neuron is from the ___ to the ___ and finally to the ___.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • dendrite, cell body, synaptic terminus, axon

  • synaptic terminus, cell body, dendrite, axon

  • dendrite, cell body, axon, synaptic terminus

  • axon, cell body, synaptic terminus, dendrite

Erklärung

Frage 108 von 156

1

as organisms exhibiting bilateral symmetry evolved, nervous systems exhibiting ___ developed

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • nerve cords running anterior > posterior

  • a center of coordination

  • neurons with specific functions

  • greater numbers of neurons (per body mass)

  • all of the above

Erklärung

Frage 109 von 156

1

the triple layer of tissues which surround and protect the central nervous system are called the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • meninges

  • glial cells

  • appendicular skeleton

  • neuromuscular junction

Erklärung

Frage 110 von 156

1

in humans, ___ nerves prepare our organs to respond to stressful situations

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sympathetic

  • somatic

  • cerebral

  • parasympathetic

Erklärung

Frage 111 von 156

1

the presence of a myelin sheath can increase the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • speed of the impulse

  • threshold value

  • resting potential

  • intensity of an impulse

Erklärung

Frage 112 von 156

1

a single neuron sends a message along its axon. the message is sent back to an earlier neuron in the pathway, causing positive feedback. this type of neural citcuit is called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • reverbrating

  • convergent

  • divergent

  • reflex

Erklärung

Frage 113 von 156

1

which of the following would you expect to have the greatest influence on the generation of action potentials in neurons?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ion concentration

  • pH

  • hydration levels

  • temperature

Erklärung

Frage 114 von 156

1

which scenario best describes the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • influx of calciumm depolarizes the cell and efflux of hydrogen replarizes the cell

  • influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of calcium repolarizes the cell

  • influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of sodium repolarizes the cell

  • influx of sodium depolarizes the cell and efflux of potassium repolarizes the cell

Erklärung

Frage 115 von 156

1

an impulse travels to the pre-synaptic terminal of a neuron, which of the following is the most direct response to this occurence?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ion channels on the post-synaptic cell open

  • neurotransmitters attach to the post-synaptic cell

  • an influx of calcium causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane

  • sodium ions leave the neuron

Erklärung

Frage 116 von 156

1

if the neurotransmitter glycine caused negatively charged ions to enter a resting neuron, it would create a(n) ___ state

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • depolarized

  • excitatory

  • reflexive

  • hyperpolarized

Erklärung

Frage 117 von 156

1

which of the following are components of the central nervous system?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • optic nerve

  • the cerebrum

  • femoral nerve (in the thigh)

  • radial nerve (in the arm and wrist)

  • more than one choice is correct

Erklärung

Frage 118 von 156

1

in multicellular organism, tissues that maintain homeostasis by responding to nerve impulses formed after a stimulus are called ____

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • effectors

  • sensory tissues

  • immunogens

  • neural tissues

Erklärung

Frage 119 von 156

1

why are skeletons useful in achieving locomotion?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • movement of skeleton components push muscles

  • ions contained in skeletal tissue sreve as neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions

  • they provide a stationary point of resistance to muscle contraction

  • ions contained in skeletal tissue initiate muscle contraction

Erklärung

Frage 120 von 156

1

exoskeletons are present in ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cnidarian (hydras)

  • vertebrates (horses)

  • mollusks (snail)

  • two of the previous choices are correct

Erklärung

Frage 121 von 156

1

bones of limbs are ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • axial

  • terminal

  • appendicular

  • cranial

Erklärung

Frage 122 von 156

1

the vertebrae are ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the bones to which the femurs are attached

  • the subunits of the spinal cord

  • the layers of protective​ tissue around peripheral nerves

  • the bones of the wrist and ankle

  • none of the previous choices is correct

Erklärung

Frage 123 von 156

1

the point of a skeleton where bones are connected to each other in a hinge is called a ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ligament

  • joint

  • tendon

  • cartilage

Erklärung

Frage 124 von 156

1

when a muscle contracts, it pulls on a ___ which then pulls on a ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ligament ... joint

  • tendon ... bone

  • joint ... tendon

  • bone ... tendon

Erklärung

Frage 125 von 156

1

ATP hydrolysis is essential for ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • muscle relaxation

  • muscle contraction

  • both

  • neither

Erklärung

Frage 126 von 156

1

the organizational unit known as an osteon is a component of ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • spongy bone

  • cardiac muscle

  • joints

  • compact bone

Erklärung

Frage 127 von 156

1

a certain individual has an elevated number of osteoclasts and a reduced number of osteoblasts. which of the following health conditions might result from this?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bone spurs

  • muscle spasms

  • muscle degeneration

  • osteoporosis

Erklärung

Frage 128 von 156

1

which type of muscle is striated and responds to involuntary neural signals?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • skeletal

  • smooth

  • cardiac

  • more than one of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 129 von 156

1

a tube-shaped​ component in a muscle fiber, composed of overlapping myofilaments, is known as ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a sarcolemma

  • a T tubule

  • a myofibril

  • a muscle

Erklärung

Frage 130 von 156

1

each time the tricep muscle in your upper arm contracts,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the biceps muscle in the opposite arm relaxes

  • the biceps muscle in the same arm contracts

  • the biceps muscle in the same arm relaxes

  • the biceps muscle in the opposite arm contracts

Erklärung

Frage 131 von 156

1

according to the sliding filament theory, when a skeletal muscle contracts, ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the myosin filaments get shorter

  • the Z lines of a sarcomere move away from each other

  • the actin filaments get shorter

  • none of the above occurs

Erklärung

Frage 132 von 156

1

which of the following is associated with muscle fatigue and cramping?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • lactic acid accumulation

  • hemoglobin depletion

  • calcium deficiency

  • ADP depletion

Erklärung

Frage 133 von 156

1

acetylcholine would most likely be found ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • in T tubules

  • in a sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • attached to microfilaments

  • in a neuromuscular junction

  • none of the choices is correct

Erklärung

Frage 134 von 156

1

what is a cross-bridge?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the connection between a neuron and a muscle

  • the connection that forms between actin and myosin

  • the connection between two osteons

  • the connection between a joint and two bones

Erklärung

Frage 135 von 156

1

high oxygen concentration in blood enables a high metabolic rate and greater level of activity/physical exertion. based on relative activity levels and respiratory and circulatory system complexity, which organism would you expect to have the highest clood O2?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • frog

  • bird

  • crocodile

  • snake

  • all how rougly the same blood O2

Erklärung

Frage 136 von 156

1

which os the following have open circulatory systems

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cnidarians

  • platyhelminthes

  • both of these

  • neither of these

Erklärung

Frage 137 von 156

1

new red blood cells are synthesized by ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bone marrow

  • spleen

  • mature red blood cells

  • muscles

Erklärung

Frage 138 von 156

1

the oxygen carrier molecule hemoglobin is an essential compoent of ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • erythrocytes

  • red and white blood cells and platelets

  • red blood cells and white blood cells

  • platelets and red blood cells

Erklärung

Frage 139 von 156

1

the cellular fragment ___ is necessary for normal blood clotting ability

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • hemoglobin

  • platelets

  • carbon dioxide

  • plasma

Erklärung

Frage 140 von 156

1

blood is composed of cellular components, suspended in a fluid. which of the following best describes the proportion of cells to fluids in blood?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the proportion varies greatly from individual to individual assuming the individuals are well hydrated and do not have a cancer of the blood

  • there is a roughly equal amount of fluid and cells

  • there are many more cells than there is fluid

  • there is much more fluid than cellular material

Erklärung

Frage 141 von 156

1

the main difference between arteries and veins is that arteries

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • carry blood containing a higher concentration of oxygen

  • take blood away from the heart

  • carry blood containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide

  • more than one of these is correct

Erklärung

Frage 142 von 156

1

where is blood pressure the lowest?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all are the same

  • pulmonary artery

  • dorsal aorta

  • vena cava

Erklärung

Frage 143 von 156

1

the superior and inferior vena cava deliver ___ blood to the ____

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • oxygenated ... right ventricle

  • deoxygenated ... right atrium

  • oxygenated ... left atrium

  • deoxygenated ... left atrium

Erklärung

Frage 144 von 156

1

which sequence correctly describes the pulmonary circuit?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium

  • right atrium > left atrium > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right ventricle

  • right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary veins > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary arteries > left atrium

  • left atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right atrium

Erklärung

Frage 145 von 156

1

the presence of two circulatory pathways (systemic and pulmonary) is typically observed in ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • birds

  • fishes

  • earthworms

  • hydra

Erklärung

Frage 146 von 156

1

the blood vessels that contain valves are called ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • arteries

  • arterioles

  • capillaries

  • veins

  • more than one of these

Erklärung

Frage 147 von 156

1

the spleen is a part of the ___ system

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • reproductive

  • cardiovascular

  • disgestive

  • immune

Erklärung

Frage 148 von 156

1

which os the following is a connection between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the lymph system synthesizes erythrocytes for the blood

  • the lymph system collects and delivers interstitial fluid back to the blood

  • arteris are part of the lymphatic system

  • they are not related

Erklärung

Frage 149 von 156

1

respiratory systems in insects use ___ to transport oxygen directly into tissues

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • alveoli

  • gills

  • bronchi

  • tracheoles

  • all of the above

Erklärung

Frage 150 von 156

1

gas exchange is best accomplished by moving air across a ___ membrane

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • dry, thin

  • positively charged, dry

  • negatively charged, thick

  • moist, thin

Erklärung

Frage 151 von 156

1

during ___ the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity contracts, and air is expelled

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • inspiration

  • inhalation

  • none of these

  • expiration

Erklärung

Frage 152 von 156

1

which sequence of structures is correct (exterior > interior)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • alveolus, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus

  • bronchus, trachea, bronchiole, alveolus

  • trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, alveolus

  • trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus

Erklärung

Frage 153 von 156

1

microbial infection of the bronchi, leading to airway obstruction and inflammation is called ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • emphysema

  • bronchitis

  • asthma

  • cystic fibrosis

Erklärung

Frage 154 von 156

1

in non-specific immunity, repeated exposure to a pathogen ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • increases the strength but decreases the speed of the immune response

  • decreases the speed and strength of the immune response

  • has no affect of the speed or strength of the immune response

  • increases the speed of the immune response

Erklärung

Frage 155 von 156

1

non-specific immunity is ___, while specific immunity is ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • induced ... suppressed

  • suppressed ... induced

  • acquired ... innate

  • innate ... acquired

Erklärung

Frage 156 von 156

1

interactions between infectious materials and antibodies are the central aspect of ___

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • physiologic immunity

  • non-specific immunity

  • humoral immunity

  • cell-mediated immunity

Erklärung

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