Karteikarten
Liberalism and Socialism Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1Laissez-Faire CapitalismThe belief in complete separation of government and the market (transactions between private parties are free from government intervention).
- 2KeynesianismAn economic theory relating to total spending in the economy and the effects on output and inflation. Keynes advocated increased government expenditure and lower taxes during the Great Depression to revive the economy.
- 3Francis Fukuyama“We are witnessing the end of history... Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”.
- 4Egotistical IndividualismAn egotistical individualist boasts about their success and their actions are inherently selfish.
- 5Developmental IndividualismThis is the belief that personal growth and self-realisation are the basis of development.
- 6Enabling StateThe state creates conditions that allows the individual to excel.
- 7Negative FreedomMan should be able to enjoy an environment free from restrictions.
- 8Positive FreedomAlso termed real liberty, as positive freedom contains laws and restrictions.
- 9Foundational/Formal EqualityThis form of equality emerged out of the concept of natural rights; all are born equal. Includes legal and political equality.
- 10Equality of OpportunityEveryone is entitled to an equal chance.
Liberalism believed natural inequality was right; people have different talents and abilities. - 11Equality of OutcomeMeans there is an equal distribution of rewards, linked to the idea of redistribution of wealth.
- 12Consent of the PeopleThe government is deemed legitimate in the collective decision of the people, not by divine providence.
- 13Natural RightsBasic rights derived from the law of nature: life, liberty and property.
- 14Rational EntitiesThe belief that humans are rational actors in the world.
- 15Tacit ConsentJohn Locke argued that consent of the people can be expressed through people's behaviour or the absence of social problems.
- 16Limited GovernmentA government that protects people's rights but is restricted in action by a system of checks and balances.
- 17Harm Principle"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others." - John Stuart Mill
- 18UtilitarianismThis is a means of assessing morality, instead of determining what is right and wrong, it observes the result of an action.
- 19ConsequentialismThe belief that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences.
- 20Liberty PrincipleEveryone should have rights to an extensive range of liberties consistent with everyone else enjoying the same liberties.
- 21Difference PrincipleInequalities should be ordered to everyone’s advantage and arranged so that no person is unable to occupy any position in society.
- 22'The Veil of Ignorance'An important thought experiment in politics developed by John Rawls.
- 23Formal Equality (Wollstonecraft)Women and men should be entitled to the exact same civil liberties.
- 24Female EmancipationFor women to be free of all legal, political and social restrictions that were holding them back.
- 25Economic FreedomThe ability to prosper in a country without intervention from governing bodies or economic authorities.
- 26'Survival of the Fittest' (Spencer)The rich and powerful people in society came to be because they were better acclimatised to the social and economic conditions of the time.
- 27Class ConsciousnessThe idea that the working class will be the people to lead the revolution against the capitalist system.
- 28BourgeoisieThe social class who own the means of production.
- 29ProletariatThe working class who are labourers of the means of production.
- 30‘Phalanxes’A type of community built around principles of cooperation and contribution.
- 31DialecticThis involves discourse between two or more people holding different viewpoints about certain subjects, they wish to establish the truth of subject matter through reasoned argument.
- 32RevisionismThe theory or practice of revising one's attitude to a previously accepted situation or point of view. e.g. Bernstein on Marxism
- 33The Third WayA political and theoretical perspective that sought to alter left-wing ideas of the economic and political realities of globalisation.
- 34Active WelfareEnsure those who claimed welfare benefits attempted to escape the poverty trap.
- 35Progressive TaxationA taxing mechanism in which the taxing authority charges more taxes as the income of the taxpayer increases.
- 36Welfare StateA system where the state protects the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits.
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- Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Karteikarten am Liberalism and Socialism Flashcards, erstellt von Gelöschter Nutzer am 04/08/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Gelöschter Nutzer · Aug 2017
- Aktualisiert
- 4 Aug 2017
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- Erstellt von Andrew Burke · 31 Jul 2017
- Kopiert von Andrew Burke · 4 Aug 2017
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