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CHAPTER 1 NEW
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Fragen in diesem Quiz (100)
1Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how people
- Amotivate, persuade, and hurt one another.
- Bthink about, influence, and relate to one another.
- Cmanipulate, use, and betray one another.
- Dconform, help, and form attitudes about one another.
2The attributions a person makes for his or her spouse's acid remark depends upon the happiness of the
marriage. What concept does this portray?- ASocial behavior is a function of what we believe.
- BSocial behavior is a function of the objective situation.
- CSocial behavior is a function of how a situation is construed.
- DSocial behavior is a function of both the objective situation and how it is construed.
3Imagine you are approached by a large dog. You assume the dog is unfriendly, so you start screaming
at it to go away. The dog assumes you want to hurt it, so it defends itself by biting your ankle. This is
an example of a- Aself-fulfilling belief.
- Bself-defacing belief.
- Cself-defense belief.
- Dself-worth belief.
4Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what social psychologists study?
- Alove
- Bconformity
- Cintelligence
- Dattitudes
5According to the text, social psychology is a(n) _____ science, and one that only began to emerge as a
vibrant field after _____.- Ayoung; the 1960s
- Byoung; World War II
- Cold; the 1930s
- Dold; the turn of the century
6The best statement about objective reality is
- Athat it exists.
- Bthat it does not exist.
- Cwe can all agree on an objective reality.
- Dthat reality is filtered by our values and beliefs.
7According to Myers' discussion of intuition, which statement is TRUE?
- AOur intuitions about ourselves are usually true.
- BIntuitions are carefully considered beliefs.
- CIntuition is both powerful and perilous.
- DIntuition is not important.
8Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behaviors are shaped by external social
forces?- AOur personality disposition affects our choices.
- BOur inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways.
- COur political attitudes influence our voting behavior.
- DOur standards regarding promptness, beauty, and equality vary with our culture.
9Myers suggests that he can make a confident guess about your attitude toward the 2003 U.S. war with
Iraq if he knows your educational level and what media you watch and read. This is an example of- Ahow intellectual pursuits alter our political views.
- Bthe power of the situation.
- Cthe power of intuition.
- Da self-fulfilling prophecy.
10When explaining topics such as dating and mating, evolutionary psychologists consider how natural
selection might- Apredispose our attitudes.
- Bchange our attitudes.
- Caccount for similarities in our attitudes.
- Dreinforce our attitudes.
11Those who consider under-the-skin (i.e., biological) and between the skins (i.e., social) influences on
topics such as love and hate are referred to as- Asocial biologists.
- Bsocial neuroscientists.
- Csocial sociologists.
- Dsocial anthropologists.
12Myers points out that our social behavior is shaped by
- Aour intelligence and learning.
- Bour personal preferences.
- Chow we were nurtured by our parents.
- Dother people, our attitudes and personality, and our biology.
13What is NOT true about how values affect social psychology?
- AValues influence the topics that are researched.
- BThe values that people hold influence them entering the field of study.
- CSocial psychology research shows us what to value.
- DSocial psychologists are very interested in studying values.
14Social representations are
- Avalue commitments within a culture.
- Bintuitive ideas that prove to be true.
- Csocially shared beliefs, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies.
- Dstereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in reality.
15According to the text, values enter the work of social psychology when researchers
- Acollect data for their studies.
- Bpresent the results of their studies.
- Csummarize their studies.
- Dchoose the topics of their studies.
16Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouth
violations as Dartmouth students did when each watched the game. This emphasizes- Ahumans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations.
- Bhumans' inability to be objective when watching sports.
- Cfootball players' brutality.
- Dthat humans are objective when watching sports.
17The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and
transmitted from one generation to the next is referred to as- Anationality.
- Brace.
- Csocial representations.
- Dculture.
18Socially shared beliefs are widely held ideas and values, which include our assumptions and cultural
ideologies. This is a definition of- Anationality.
- Brace.
- Csocial representations.
- Dculture.
19Myers discusses how Maslow's description of "self-actualized" people was based on a sample he
personally selected. Had he selected other people to describe, his ensuing list of self-actualization
characterizations may have been different. This is an example of how values can influence- Adata.
- Bresults.
- Cconcepts.
- Dmethodology.
20You ask your academic advisor what to major in, as you can't seem to decide. She suggests
psychology; however, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects her- Atraining.
- Beducation.
- Cbelief that you would make a good psychologist.
- Dvalues.
21Whether we label a woman as "ambitious" or "aggressive" is a reflection of our
- Agender.
- Bvalues.
- Cculture.
- Dage.
22Your decision to call someone a "terrorist" rather than a "freedom fighter" depends on your view of
the cause. This is an example of how values can influence not only social psychology, but also- Aemotions.
- Bactions.
- Cintuitions.
- Deveryday language.
23Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is the
- Aretrospective bias.
- Binformation bias.
- Cprediction bias.
- Dhindsight bias.
24When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know.
However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is an
example of the- Aretrospective bias.
- Binformation bias.
- Cprediction bias.
- Dhindsight bias.
25The difficult 2008 world financial crisis due to lack of regulations and safeguards seems obvious now.
This is an example of- Ainformation bias.
- Bhindsight bias.
- Cprediction bias.
- Dretrospective bias.
26Theories help social psychologists _____ their observations and _____ their hypotheses.
- Atest; organize
- Borganize; test
- Cobjectify; refute
- Drefute; objectify
27A theory
- Ais an agreed-upon statement.
- Bsummarizes and explains facts.
- Ccannot be tested.
- Dis less than fact.
28A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.
- Atheory
- Bhypothesis
- Cfact
- Dcorrelation
29The difference between facts and theories is that
- Afacts explain theories.
- Btheories explain facts.
- Cfacts are ideas.
- Dtheories are statements.
30A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is a
- Astatement.
- Bbias.
- Ccorrelation.
- Dhypothesis.
31Which one of the following is one of the purposes of a hypothesis according to the text?
- AHypotheses allow us to test a theory.
- BHypotheses provide explanations for research results.
- CHypotheses prove theories.
- DHypotheses communicate the results of research studies.
32The analogy used in the text to describe what happens when old theories are discarded employs a
discussion of how- Aold cars are kept as antiques.
- Bold cars are replaced by newer and better models.
- Cnew cars are often not built as well as older models.
- Dnew cars are frequently more fuel efficient than older models.
33Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as
- Acorrelational research.
- Bexperimental research.
- Claboratory research.
- Dfield research.
34Asking students to come to a laboratory at 3 p.m. in order to participate in a study on university
students' usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Claboratory research
- Dfield research
35Standing in the campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of university students'
usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Claboratory research
- Dfield research
36The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is referred to as
- Acorrelational research.
- Bexperimental research.
- Claboratory research.
- Dfield research.
37In order to determine whether or not changing one variable (such as education) will produce changes
in another (such as income), one needs to conduct _______ research.- Asurvey
- Bcorrelational
- Cexperimental
- Dstatistical
38Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while
controlling others describes what type of research?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Claboratory research
- Dfield research
39A psychiatrist tells you that she is interested in determining if the condition of individuals who are
clinically depressed improves with either 20 or 40 milligrams of Prozac. She decides to administer
20 milligrams to a random half of her clients, and 40 milligrams to the other half. She finds that after
six months, the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than those
clients who took 20 milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Ccontrolled research
- Dhypothetical research
40You've noticed that as the temperature drops outside, you see more students wearing sweaters and
heavy coats. Your observation is most similar to- Acorrelational research.
- Bexperimental research.
- Ccontrolled research.
- Dhypothetical research.
41Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation?
- AX causes Y.
- BY causes X.
- CA third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
- DAll of these are possible explanations.
42You are interested in finding out the effect that crowding has on people's moods. You conduct a
study in a psychology research lab using two types of participants - participants who have to wait in
a crowded waiting room before completing a measure of their mood, and participants who wait in an
empty room before completing the same measure. Which type of research did you conduct?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Claboratory research
- Dboth experimental and laboratory research
43Your psychology professor tells you that she is collecting data on the amount that students study and
their grades (i.e., she is asking each student to report how many hours he/she studies each week, so
that she can determine if there is a relationship between hours spent studying and grades). Which type
of research is this?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Ccontrolled research
- Dhypothetical research
44Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?
- AIt involves important variables in natural settings.
- BIt provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects.
- CIt assists in reading newspapers and magazines.
- DIt takes place in a laboratory.
45The study by Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) that is described in the text examined the link
between socioeconomic status and health using grave markers. Which type of research was this?- Acorrelational research
- Bexperimental research
- Ccontrolled research
- Dhypothetical research
46Carroll, Smith, and Bennett (1994) found that the height of graveyard markers in a Glasgow cemetery
was positively correlated with- Agender.
- Brace.
- Caffluence.
- Dlongevity.
47According to the text, the postal code areas of Scotland that have the least overcrowding and the least
amount of unemployment also have the- Agreatest longevity.
- Bleast longevity.
- Cgreatest loneliness.
- Dleast loneliness.
48According to the text, studies have shown that in Britain, occupational status is _____ correlated with
longevity.- Apositively
- Bnegatively
- Cinversely
- Dnot
49A serious shortcoming of a correlational study is that it cannot
- Apredict one variable from another.
- Bdetermine when there is a lack of a relationship between two variables.
- Cidentify which variable causes the other variable.
- Dshow relationships between naturally occurring factors.
50Myers' discussion of the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement concludes
that- Aself-esteem causes academic achievement.
- Bacademic achievement causes self-esteem.
- Cboth self-esteem and academic achievement are likely caused by a third variable.
- DNone of the above
51Correlational research allows us to
- Ainfer cause and effect.
- Bmake predictions.
- Cuncover independent variables.
- Dcontrol variables.
52Time-lagged correlations, according to the text, are an advanced correlational technique that can
reveal the _______ variables or events, such as achievement and self-esteem.- Arelationship between
- Bdifferences between
- Csequence of
- Dconfounding
53Myers argues that the major strength of correlational research is the
- Acause-effect sequencing of events.
- Bambiguity of the results.
- Cability to extract the influence of confounded variables.
- Dfact that it occurs in real-world settings.
54A sample in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion is
called a _____ sample.- Amixed
- Bdiverse
- Cfair
- Drandom
55To get information from a survey that you can generalize to the whole country, you will need to get
information from _____ people.- A150
- B1,200
- C5,000
- D10,000
56The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is to
- Amaximize the differences between groups.
- Bminimize the differences between groups.
- Ccontrol the independent variable.
- Dcontrol the dependent variable.
57An important factor in survey research is how closely the sample reflects the population under study.
This is referred to as sample- Afairness.
- Bstrategy.
- Csize.
- Drepresentativeness.
58Suppose you ask all the students who are failing a class if they believe the course is too difficult, and
you find that they indeed think it is. Although you have conducted a basic survey, the results of it are
limited because of your sample- Afairness.
- Bstrategy.
- Csize.
- Drepresentativeness.
59If you ask conservative, liberal, independent, and green party voters their opinions of political
candidates, rather than just conservative voters, you are attempting to ensure that your sample is- Afair.
- Blarge enough.
- Crepresentative.
- Drandom.
60Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was
probably- Anot valid because it did not include men.
- Bflawed because it was not representative of the population.
- Cworthless because the sample size was too small.
- Das valid and informative as other more "scientific" surveys.
61In 1936, the news magazine Literary Digest obtained the opinions of over two million Americans
regarding the presidential election. The results suggested that Landon would win in a landslide over
Franklin D. Roosevelt. A few weeks later, FDR won in a landslide. The results of the survey were not
valid, and this was due to- Aa lack of random assignment.
- Ba sampling bias.
- Cpoor wording of questions variables.
- Da lack of experimental control.
62There is an example discussed in the text about how the meat lobby rejected a new U.S. food labeling
law that required declaring meat as "30 percent fat" rather than "70 percent lean, 30 percent fat." This
is an example of how ____ may influence human decisions and expressed opinions.- Aframing of questions
- Border of questions
- Cwording of questions
- Dresponse options
63Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that
- Ahow questions are framed can influence how they are answered.
- Bhow questions are framed has very little influence on how they are answered.
- Cwording is an unimportant element of survey research.
- Dframing the questions differently will not influence the results.
64Research indicates that survey results often depend on the
- Anumber of questions asked.
- Bgender of the surveyor.
- Cgender of the respondent.
- Dwording and order of the questions.
65If you wanted more people to donate organs upon their death, you would
- Aput nothing on their drivers' license about organ donation.
- Bgive a default option of ‘yes' and a space to check to "opt out."
- Cgive a default option of ‘no' and a space to check to donate.
- Dgive them a ‘yes' or ‘no' choice to check.
66The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in a study is called the ______ variable.
- Acontrol
- Bindependent
- Cdependent
- Dcorrelational
67The author of the text reported that two-thirds of social psychology experiments
- Aare done in the field.
- Btake place in a laboratory.
- Cinvolve surveys.
- Dare correlational.
68A study of _____ women, by Gortmaker and colleagues (1993), found that these women were less
likely to be married and less likely to earn high salaries than women in a comparison group.- Aracial minority
- Bsexual minority
- Cobese
- Ddisabled
69The finding that obese women earned lower salaries than women in a nonobese comparison group was
the result of which type of research study?- Aexperiment
- Bcorrelation
- Claboratory
- Dfield
70As a result of random assignment, the people in both groups of an experiment
A. differ in important ways.- Adiffer in important ways.
- Bdo not know which group they are in.
- Care less likely to be alike.
- Dare more likely to be about the same in every way.
71In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were shown
a picture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In this
study, the independent variable was the- Anormal or overweight woman's picture.
- Bsocial skills of the woman being interviewed.
- Cconversation topic chosen by the students.
- Dstatus of the male student.
72In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were shown
a picture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In this
study, the dependent variable was the- Awoman's side of the conversation.
- Bman's response to the woman.
- Cman's response to the picture.
- Dwoman's weight status.
73In Boyatzis' (1995) study of the influence television has on aggressive behavior in children, the results
indicated that the viewers of Power Rangers committed ____ aggressive acts per two-minute interval
compared to those children who did not watch this program.- Aslightly less
- Bsignificantly more
- Cabout the same number of
- Dsignificantly less
74The results of Boyatzis' (1995) research indicated that _____ can be one cause of children's aggressive
behavior.- Asugar consumption
- Bpoor impulse control
- Ca lack of parental guidance
- Dtelevision viewing
75Which of the following was the dependent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects of
television viewing on children?- Alying to parents
- Baggressive behavior
- Cpoor academic performance
- Dearly sexual promiscuity
76Which of the following was the independent variable in Boyatzis' (1995) research study on the effects
of television viewing on children?- Aaggressive behavior
- Bpoor academic performance
- Ctelevision viewing
- Dearly sexual promiscuity
77The variable being measured in an experiment, so-called because it may depend on manipulations of
another variable, is called the ______ variable.- Aexperimental
- Bcontrol
- Cindependent
- Ddependent
78An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects on
aggression. Aggression was the- Aindependent variable.
- Bdependent variable.
- Ccontrol variable.
- Dconfounding variable.
79An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects on
aggression. The room temperatures were the- Aindependent variable.
- Bdependent variable.
- Ccontrol variable.
- Dconfounding variable.
80Two essential ingredients in a social-psychological experiment are
- Adeception and payment for participation.
- Bthe use of surveys and the use of deception.
- Cframing and biases.
- Dcontrol and random assignment.
81The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the
same chance of being in a given condition is referred to as- Arandom sampling.
- Brandom assignment.
- Crandom surveying.
- Drepresentativeness.
82Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates
- Arandom sampling.
- Bsampling bias.
- Crandom assignment.
- Drepresentative sampling.
83Random sampling helps researchers _______, while random assignment helps researchers
_______.- Awho are conducting correlations; who are conducting surveys
- Binfer cause and effect; generalize to a population
- Cgeneralize to a population; infer cause and effect
- Ddetermine cause and effect; develop correlations
84_____ helps researchers generalize to a population.
- ARandom sampling
- BRandom assignment
- CRandom surveyingz
- DInformed consent
85You conduct a study that examines the role of exercise on depression alleviation. You assign the first
50 people who are motivated to sign up to the experimental group, and the second group of 50 people,
who sign up much later, to the control group. After one month, you find that the experimental group
(who exercised three times a week on average) is significantly less depressed than the control group
(who exercised one time a week on average). Although you may be tempted to conclude that exercise
helps stave off depression, you cannot because of a lack of ____ in your study.- Arandom sampling
- Brandom assignment
- Crandom surveying
- Dobjectivity
86The degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations refers to
- Arealistic experimentation.
- Btelevised reality.
- Cmundane realism.
- Dexperimental realism.
87The degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants in real psychological
processes refers to- Arealistic experimentation.
- Btelevised reality.
- Cmundane realism.
- Dexperimental realism.
88According to the text, _______ realism is not as important in social psychological research as
_______ realism is.- Amundane; experimental
- Bsocial; psychological
- Cexperimental; mundane
- Dpsychological; social
89The use of deception in social-psychological research occurs when the researchers require _____ in
their study.- Arealistic experimentation
- Btelevised reality
- Cmundane realism
- Dexperimental realism
90You are participating in a social-psychological research experiment, and the researcher reads the
instructions to you and the other participants so that each of you hears exactly the same instructions.
By standardizing the instructions, the researcher is attempting to control the- Adependent variable.
- Bexperimental outcome.
- Cdemand characteristics.
- Dframing effect.
91_____ occurs in research when participants are misinformed or misled about the method and purposes
of the study.- ANonrandom sampling
- BNonrandom assignment
- CDeception
- DDemand characteristics
92The cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are called
- Asubliminal messages.
- Bdemand characteristics.
- Cdeception tactics.
- Dconfounding variables.
93When participating in a psychology research experiment, you are told that the purpose of the study
is to find out if tall people are more prejudiced than short people. Because you want to behave
accordingly, you agree with questions on a survey of prejudice more so than you would otherwise.
Your behavior in this study is a result of- Ayour true attitudes.
- Byour repressed attitudes.
- Cthe demand characteristics of the experiment.
- Dthe sampling method of the experiment.
94You are participating in a psychology research experiment and the researcher invites you to return
after the experiment to learn more about it and to explore your feelings about it. This is called- Ainformed consent.
- Bdebriefing.
- Cdemand characterization.
- Dexperiment framing.
95_____ is an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to
choose whether they wish to participate.- AA demand characteristic
- BDeception
- CMundane realism
- DInformed consent
96A major requirement of the ethical principles of social-psychological research is that the
researcher- Ause random sampling and assignment.
- Bprotect participants from harm and significant discomfort.
- Crefrain from using any deception in the research design.
- Densure that all participants know what is expected of them.
97Deception in an experiment is
- Aunethical.
- Balways required.
- Cused only if it is essential and justified.
- Duseful in affecting subjects' willingness to participate.
98Regarding social-psychological research, Myers warns that we must be cautious about
- Athe use of random assignment.
- Binferring cause and effect from experiments.
- Cthe types of subjects used.
- Dgeneralizing from the laboratory to life.
99You have just participated in a research study that required you to choose which picture you preferred
among several pairs. At the end of the study, the researcher explained that she was trying to identify
correlations between age, gender, and racial groups when making preferences. The researcher's
disclosing of the true purpose of the study is part of the ____ process.- Adebriefing
- Bdeception
- Cinformed consent
- Dexperimental honesty
100Experimental laboratory research findings in social psychology
- Acan be generalized to everyday life.
- Bare specific to the research only.
- Ccan't ever be generalized to everyday life.
- Dshould cautiously be generalized to everyday life.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Quiz am CHAPTER 1 NEW, erstellt von J P am 31/01/2018.
- Autor
- J P
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 38
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