Quiz
Suppositories
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1The mucosal route of drug administration is divided into seven membrane surfaces
characterized as [blank_start]otic[blank_end], [blank_start]ophthalmic[blank_end], [blank_start]nasal[blank_end], [blank_start]oropharyngeal[blank_end],
[blank_start]urethral[blank_end], vaginal, and rectal.- Aotic
- Bophthalmic
- Cnasal
- Doropharyngeal
- Eurethral
2Suppositories are sometimes preferred because it evades the [blank_start]first pass effect[blank_end] that happens in the liver
- Afirst pass effect
3Vaginal inserts are often compounded with [blank_start]water[blank_end]-soluble bases such as [blank_start]polyethylene glycol[blank_end] to minimize leakage
- Awater
- Bpolyethylene glycol
4Rectal suppositories are [blank_start]cylindrical[blank_end] or [blank_start]conical[blank_end]. Approximately 2 g and are about 2 to 3 cm long
- Acylindrical
- Bconical
5Vaginal inserts are [blank_start]ovoid[blank_end] or [blank_start]globular[blank_end] shaped. The weigh about [blank_start]3[blank_end] to [blank_start]5[blank_end] g
- Aovoid
- Bglobular
- C3
- D5
6Urethral inserts vary depending on whether it is for male or female.
Males - They are [blank_start]5 mm[blank_end] in diameter, [blank_start]125 mm[blank_end] in length, and [blank_start]4 g[blank_end] in weight
Females - They are [blank_start]5 mm[blank_end] in diameter, [blank_start]50 mm[blank_end] in length, and [blank_start]2 g[blank_end] in weight- A5 mm
- B5 mm
- C125 mm
- D50 mm
- E4 g
- F2 g
7The choice of a particular melting range is dictated by the influence of other components that influence the final melting range of the product. In general, suppository bases melt between [blank_start]27[blank_end] and [blank_start]45[blank_end] degrees
- A27
- B45
8Hard fat suppository bases are mixtures of [blank_start]semisynthetic triglyceride esters[blank_end] of longer-chain fatty acids.
- Asemisynthetic triglyceride esters
9[blank_start]Hydrophilic suppository[blank_end] bases are mixtures of hydrophilic [blank_start]semisolid[blank_end] materials that in combination are solid at room temperature and yet release the drug by melting, erosion, and dissolution when administered to the patient
- AHydrophilic suppository
- Bsemisolid
10[blank_start]Polymorphic[blank_end] drugs are treated as different drugs because they display different properties. An example is [blank_start]cocoa butter[blank_end] which should not be heated over [blank_start]35[blank_end] degrees.
- APolymorphic
- Bcocoa butter
- C35
11Cocoa butter has no [blank_start]surfactant[blank_end], and therefore, cannot emulsify water. Some substances such as chloral hydrate tend to lower the melting point of CB. It may be necessary to add [blank_start]beeswax[blank_end] to raise the melting point.
- Asurfactant
- Bbeeswax
12Water-soluble ionized salt forms of drugs that have [blank_start]high[blank_end] base partition coefficients should be used when possible with cocoa butter particularly when a [blank_start]systemic effect[blank_end] is desired.
- Ahigh
- Bsystemic effect
13Newer synthetic triglycerides such as [blank_start]palm kernel[blank_end] and [blank_start]coconut oils[blank_end] have [blank_start]emulsification[blank_end] properties, do not exhibit [blank_start]polymorphism[blank_end] like cocoa butter. However, they are more expensive
- Apalm kernel
- Bcoconut oils
- Cemulsification
- Dpolymorphism
14[blank_start]Glycerinated gelatin[blank_end] is a useful suppository base for vaginal inserts. Used for sustained release over a long period
- AGlycerinated gelatin
15[blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] is categorized in the NF as a [blank_start]humectant[blank_end], plasticizer, solvent and tonicity-adjusting agent
- Ahumectant
- BGlycerin
16For suppositories in the body, there is either melting or erosion (dissolution). The erosion may be favorable for those who want [blank_start]prolonged release[blank_end]
- Aprolonged release
17PEG bases are incompatible with a large number of drugs, especially those prone to [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end]. PEG also interacts with some plastics such as [blank_start]polystyrene[blank_end] which is used in some prescription vials, which is why suppositories are wrapped in foil or in plastic bags
- Aoxidation
- Bpolystyrene
18Several surfactants closely related chemically to polyethylene glycols can be used as suppository vehicles. Examples of these are polyoxyethylene [blank_start]sorbitan fatty acid esters[blank_end] and [blank_start]polyoxyethylene stearates[blank_end]
- Asorbitan fatty acid esters
- Bpolyoxyethylene stearates
19One major advantage of substances such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene stearates as suppository vehicles is their [blank_start]water dispersibility[blank_end]
- Awater dispersibility
20Cocoa butter melts quickly at body temperature and is [blank_start]immiscible[blank_end] with body fluids. This [blank_start]inhibits[blank_end] the diffusion of fat-soluble drugs to the affected sites.
- Aimmiscible
- Binhibits
21[blank_start]Polyethylene glycol[blank_end] is a suitable base for some antiseptics
- APolyethylene glycol
22Glycerinated gelatin is seldom used rectally because of its [blank_start]slow dissolution[blank_end]
- Aslow dissolution
23When selecting a suppository base, fatty bases exhibit the following:
- AMore comfortable, non-irritating
- BStinging sensation, defecating reflex
- CLess reactive, melt on storage
- DMore reactive, doesn't melt on storage
- ERectal administration
- FVaginal administration
- GPoor release of hydrophobic drugs systemically
- HMore reliable release of hydrophobic drugs systemically
- IEmollient effect locally
24When selecting a suppository base, PEG exhibits the following:
- AMore comfortable, non-irritating
- BStinging sensation, defacating reflex
- CLess reactive, melt on storage
- DMore reactive, doesn't melt on storage
- ERectal administration
- FVaginal administration
- GPoor release of hydrophobic drugs systemically
- HMore reliable release of hydrophobic drugs systemically
- IEmollient effect locally
25[blank_start]Hand Rolling[blank_end]:
- Plastic-like mass is prepared by triturating grated cocoa butter and active ingredients in a mortar
- The mass is formed into a ball in the palm of the hands then rolled into a uniform [blank_start]cylinder[blank_end]
- The cylinder is then cut into a number of pieces which are rolled to produce a [blank_start]conical[blank_end] shape- AHand Rolling
- Bcylinder
- Cconical
26Advantages to Hand Rolling are the following:
- ADon’t require special equipments
- BAvoid necessity of heating cocoa butter
- CHave an elegant and professional appearance
- DDensity calculations and mold calibration are required
- ERequire experience and good technique
27Disadvantages of Hand Rolling are the following:
- ARequire experience and good technique
- BDon’t have elegant appearance
- CCaution must be used when heating the base and drug
- DDensity calculations and mold calibration are required
- EMixed mass of suppository base and the drug is forced into a special compression molds
28[blank_start]Fusion Molding[blank_end]:
- First, melt the suppository base
- Dispersing the drug in the melted base
- Remove from the heat and pour into a supp. mold
- After [blank_start]congealing[blank_end], the suppositories are removed from the mold
- Metal molds must be [blank_start]lubricated[blank_end]!!- AFusion Molding
- Bcongealing
- Clubricated
29[blank_start]Compression Molding[blank_end]:
Mixed mass of suppository base and the drug is forced into a special compression molds- ACompression Molding
30Density factor = Weight of [blank_start]drug[blank_end] / Weight of [blank_start]base displaced[blank_end]
- Adrug
- Bbase displaced
31When DF is unknown, you can determine is via double casting method:
- Take [blank_start]50[blank_end]-[blank_start]60[blank_end]% of base and pour all the drug you need into the mold
- And then take the rest of the base ([blank_start]nonmedicated[blank_end]) and fill it to the top
- Allow it to cool down
- Cut off excess base
- Take suppositories out, re-melt and pour again
- Calculating for excess is important because the base will [blank_start]contract[blank_end]- A60
- B50
- Cnonmedicated
- Dcontract
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- •Be able to describe drug delivery to the above-mentioned areas •Be able to describe the different types of suppository bases and their properties •Know and describe three methods to compound suppositories •Be able to manufacture suppositories with the different types of bases (after the lab) •Determine the density factor of a drug in different bases and be able to use the appropriate calculations for suppositories
- Autor
- Crystal Yu
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 771
- Schlagwörter
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