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Virology- Chapter 3
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1Viral taxonomy is based on similarity. It is based on [blank_start]virion architecture[blank_end], [blank_start]genome relatedness[blank_end], and [blank_start]host organism[blank_end]
- Avirion architecture
- Bgenome relatedness
- Chost organism
2Virion architecture focuses on [blank_start]capsid symmetry,[blank_end] [blank_start]envelope[blank_end], and [blank_start]size[blank_end]
- Acapsid symmetry
- Benvelope
- Csize
3Genome relatedness refers to:
[blank_start]type[blank_end]
[blank_start]topology[blank_end]
[blank_start]strandedness[blank_end]
[blank_start]size[blank_end]sense
[blank_start]segmentation[blank_end]
[blank_start]genes[blank_end]- Atype
- Btopology
- Cstrandedness
- Dsize
- Esegmentation
- Fgenes
4The host groups, in decreasing complexity are:
1.) [blank_start]Vertebrates[blank_end]
2.) [blank_start]Invertebrates[blank_end]
3.) [blank_start]Plants[blank_end]
4.) [blank_start]Lower eukaryotes[blank_end]
5.) [blank_start]prokaryotes[blank_end]- AVertebrates
- BInvertebrates
- CPlants
- DLower eukaryotes
- Eprokaryotes
5Related viruses tend to infect related organisms, therefore we can classify viruses based on the host organism the viruses infect.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
6The smallest virus is the [blank_start]parvovirus[blank_end], [blank_start]20[blank_end] nm in capsid length and the biggest is the [blank_start]mimivirus[blank_end], [blank_start]500[blank_end] nm in length
- Aparvovirus
- B20
- Cmimivirus
- D500
7[blank_start]Circoviruses[blank_end] have the smallest genome size of 2Kb.
[blank_start]Mimiviruses[blank_end] have larger genomes of 1.2 Mb.
[blank_start]Pandora[blank_end] viruses around 2.5 Mb.- ACircoviruses
- BMimiviruses
- CPandora
8Fill in the blanks that correspond to the viral hierarchy nomenclature.
Order suffix is -[blank_start]virales[blank_end]
Family suffix is -[blank_start]viridae[blank_end]
Genus suffix is -[blank_start]virus[blank_end]
Species refers to [blank_start]common name[blank_end]
Strain refers to [blank_start]serotype[blank_end]- Avirales
- Bviridae
- Cvirus
- Dcommon name
- Eserotype
9The same type of virus can only infect one host organism type.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
10Phage nomenclature involves
[blank_start]number[blank_end] AND/OR
[blank_start]letter[blank_end] which can be english or [blank_start]greek[blank_end]- Anumber
- Bletter
- Cgreek
11Plant virus nomenclature involves [blank_start]host[blank_end] and [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] in the name.
- Ahost
- Bsymptoms
12Vertebrate viruses can include the [blank_start]host[blank_end], [blank_start]location[blank_end] and/or [blank_start]disease[blank_end].
- Ahost
- Blocation
- Cdisease
13From the given name, bovine papillomavirus, we know it would be a [blank_start]vertebrate[blank_end] virus because it includes the [blank_start]host name[blank_end] in its nomenclature.
- Avertebrate
- Bhost name
14From the given name, Tomato bushy stunt virus, we know it is a [blank_start]plant[blank_end] virus because the name includes the [blank_start]host[blank_end] and [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end].
- Aplant
- Bhost
- Csymptoms
15The major virus groups are grouped by genome type and replication strategy.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
16ssDNA have [blank_start]small[blank_end] sizes of [blank_start]≤2 - 9[blank_end] kB. Their topology is mostly [blank_start]circular[blank_end], [blank_start]some[blank_end] genomes are [blank_start]segmented[blank_end], they [blank_start]do not[blank_end] have envelopes, most of their capsids have an [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end] shape, they infect [blank_start]1,2,3,5[blank_end]. ssDNA viruses include the [blank_start]circoviridae[blank_end] and [blank_start]parvoviridae[blank_end].
- Asmall
- B≤2 - 9
- Ccircular
- Dsegmented
- Esome
- Fdo not
- Gicosahedral
- H1,2,3,5
- Icircoviridae
- Jparvoviridae
17dsDNA viruses are mostly
- Aplant viruses
- Bvertebrate viruses
- Cphage viruses
- Dinvertebrate viruses
18dsDNA: Most [blank_start]phages[blank_end] are this type. There is [blank_start]large[blank_end] variation in genome size of [blank_start]5 kb -1.2 Mb[blank_end].
Their DNA topology is [blank_start]circular or linear[blank_end].
dsDNA viruses [blank_start]do not[blank_end] have segmented genomes.
They have [blank_start]+/-[blank_end] envelopes.
They are mostly [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end] capsids.
They infect [blank_start]everything but plants[blank_end].
They include:
[blank_start]sipho[blank_end]
[blank_start]mimi[blank_end]
[blank_start]papilloma[blank_end]
[blank_start]herpes[blank_end]
[blank_start]pox[blank_end]
[blank_start]adeno[blank_end]- Aphages
- Blarge
- C5 kb -1.2 Mb
- Dcircular or linear
- Edo not
- F+/-
- Gicosahedral
- Heverything but plants
- Isipho
- Jmimi
- Kpapilloma
- Lherpes
- Mpox
- Nadeno
19+ strand RNA viruses are mostly:
- Aphage viruses
- Binvertebrate viruses
- Cplant viruses
- Dvertebrate viruses
20+ strand RNA viruses:
most [blank_start]plant[blank_end] viruses are this type.
Their genomes are [blank_start]smaller[blank_end], from [blank_start]3- 31 kb[blank_end] and most [blank_start]<10[blank_end] kb.
[blank_start]All linear and some segmented[blank_end] genomes.
Mostly [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end] capsids.
[blank_start]+/-[blank_end] envelopes.
Infects [blank_start]1-5[blank_end].
The viruses that fall under this category are?
[blank_start]flavi[blank_end]
[blank_start]corona[blank_end]
[blank_start]levi[blank_end]
[blank_start]toga[blank_end]- Aplant
- Bsmaller
- C3- 31 kb
- D<10
- EAll linear and some segmented
- Ficosahedral
- G+/-
- H1-5
- Iflavi
- Jcorona
- Ktoga
- Llevi
21Coronavirses are the largest viruses in the +ssRNA group
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
22all +ssRNA viruses carry their own RdRp
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
23RdRps in general, have proofreading activity
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
24The absence of proofreading activity in RdRps allow for fast evolution of RNA genome viruses.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
25-ssRNA viruses:
genome size range: [blank_start]9-19[blank_end] kb
genomes: [blank_start]all linear and some segmented[blank_end]
capsid shape: [blank_start]helical[blank_end]
envelope: [blank_start]+/-[blank_end]
infects: [blank_start]1-3[blank_end]
viruses: [blank_start]orthomyxo[blank_end] and [blank_start]rhabdo[blank_end]- A9-19
- Ball linear and some segmented
- Chelical
- D+/-
- E1-3
- Forthomyxo
- Grhabdo
26dsRNA viruses:
genome size range: [blank_start]3-31[blank_end] kb
genome: [blank_start]all linear and most segmented[blank_end]
capsid shape: [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end]
envelope: [blank_start]+/-[blank_end]
infects: [blank_start]1-5[blank_end]
virus: [blank_start]reo[blank_end]- A3-31
- Ball linear and most segmented
- Cicosahedral
- D+/-
- E1-5
- Freo
27dsRNA are mostly [blank_start]fungal[blank_end] viruses
- Afungal
28Viruses with RT:
[blank_start]retro[blank_end]
[blank_start]hepadna[blank_end]
[blank_start]caulimo[blank_end]- Aretro
- Bhepadna
- Ccaulimo
29Retroviruses convert:
- AssRNA ->dsDNA -> ssRNA
- BcdsDNA -> ssRNA -> cdsDNA
- Ccss/dsDNA -> cdsDNA -> ssRNA -> css/dsDNA
30Caulimoviruses convert:
- AssRNA -> dsDNA -> ssRNA
- BcdsDNA -> ssRNA -> cdsDNA
- Ccss/dsDNA -> cdsDNA -> ssRNA -> css/dsDNA
31Hepadnaviruses convert:
- AssRNA -> dsDNA -> ssRNA
- BcssDNA -> ssRNA -> cssDNA
- Ccss/cds DNA -> cdsDNA -> ssRNA -> css/cdc DNA
32Viruses with reverse transcriptase.
Genome size variation: [blank_start]7-13[blank_end] kb
genome type: [blank_start]circular DNA or linear RNA[blank_end]
they replicate their genomes with [blank_start]RT[blank_end]
capsid shape: [blank_start]icosahedral[blank_end]
envelope: [blank_start]some[blank_end]
infect: [blank_start]1, 3[blank_end]
viruses: [blank_start]hepadna[blank_end], [blank_start]caulimo[blank_end], [blank_start]retro[blank_end]- A7-13
- Bcircular DNA or linear RNA
- CRT
- Dicosahedral
- Esome
- F1, 3
- Ghepadna
- Hcaulimo
- Iretro
33Satellite Viruses (SatV) and Satellite Nucleic Acid (Sat-NA):
-most are [blank_start]ssRNA[blank_end] and [blank_start]circular[blank_end]
-replicate only with [blank_start]helper[blank_end] viruses
-[blank_start]SatV[blank_end] encode their own capsid protein, [blank_start]SatNA[blank_end] uses [blank_start]helper virus[blank_end]
-they infect [blank_start]1-4[blank_end]- AssRNA
- Bcircular
- Chelper
- DSatV
- ESatNA
- F1-4
- Ghelper virus
34Viroids:
All are [blank_start]circular[blank_end] and [blank_start]ssRNA[blank_end] ([blank_start]250 - 400[blank_end] nt) , highly [blank_start]base paired[blank_end].
they [blank_start]do not[blank_end] encode for proteins and still cause diseases.
they replicate [blank_start]without[blank_end] a helper virus by using the cell's [blank_start]cDdRp[blank_end]. They infect [blank_start]plants[blank_end].- Acircular
- BssRNA
- C250 - 400
- Dbase paired
- Edo not
- Fwithout
- GcDdRp
- Hplants
35the original form of life was DNA based
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
36The RNA world.
1.) [blank_start]RNA evolution[blank_end]: It started off with [blank_start]nucleotides[blank_end] which eventually [blank_start]polymerized[blank_end], forming [blank_start]self-replicating RNAs[blank_end], containing enzymatic activity. Lead to the rise of [blank_start]viroids[blank_end].
2.) [blank_start]Peptide synthesis evolution[blank_end]: RNA acts like a template for the polymerization of [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end], forming [blank_start]peptides[blank_end]. It is the [blank_start]ribosome[blank_end], which is a ribozyme.
3.) [blank_start]Protein evolution[blank_end]. Where [blank_start]RdRp[blank_end] was created, now you no longer have to depend on the RNA to act as an enzyme. Lead to the rise of [blank_start]RNA genome viruses[blank_end].
4.) [blank_start]Informational DNA[blank_end]. Now we store the genetic information in [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] instead, using [blank_start]reverse transcriptase[blank_end]. Now to translate into proteins, [blank_start]DdRp[blank_end] was evolved. This lead to the rise in [blank_start]retroviruses[blank_end].
5.) [blank_start]RNA is made from a[blank_end] [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] [blank_start]template[blank_end]. The evolution of [blank_start]DdRp[blank_end], lead to the rise in [blank_start]DNA viruses.[blank_end]- ARNA evolution
- Bnucleotides
- Cpolymerized
- Dself-replicating RNAs
- Eviroids
- FPeptide synthesis evolution
- Gamino acids
- Hpeptides
- Iribosome
- JProtein evolution
- KRdRp
- LRNA genome viruses
- MInformational DNA
- NDNA
- Oreverse transcriptase
- PDdRp
- Qretroviruses
- RDNA
- SRNA is made from a
- Ttemplate
- UDdRp
- VDNA viruses.
37Larger viruses such as the mimivirus may have been parasitized by other cells and couldn't leave
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
38How did DNA viruses arise?
they [blank_start]escaped[blank_end]- Aescaped
39bigger viruses may have recombined and duplicated themselves to get bigger
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Quiz am Virology- Chapter 3, erstellt von Nina Butris am 06/02/2019.
- Autor
- Nina Butris
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Verlauf
- Erstellt am 6 Feb 2019 · aktualisiert am 6 Feb 2019
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