Quiz
Micro test 1
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1What is the size, shape, and arrangement of Bacteria cells
- ASize: 0.2-2.0μm diameter x 2-8μm length
- BShape: most bacteria are monomorphic (single shape) some are pleomorphic (many shapes)
- CSize: 0.4-6.5μm diameter x 2-8μm length
- DShape: most bacteria are not monomorphic (single shape) some can be pleomorphic (many shapes)
2What are the two most common bacteria cells
- ACoccus (Cocci), and Bacillus (bacilli)
- BCoccus (Cocci), and Monomorphic
- CThere is no most common bacteria
3List the arrangement of the following
- AStreptobacilli
- BDiplobacilli
- CDiplobaclli
- DSingle bacillus
- EStaphylococci
- FSarcinae
- GTetrad
- HStreptococci
- IDiplococci
4Label this image
- AFlagella
- BFimbriae
- CPlasmid
- DInclusions
- ENucleoid containing DNA
- FCapsule
- GPlasma Membrane
5Match the following to their parts
- ACytoplasm
- B70S Tibosomes
- CPilus
6Clycocalyx is inside the cell wall
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
7Glycocalyx is [blank_start]external[blank_end] to the cell wall and is viscous and gelatinous. It is made of [blank_start]polysaccharide[blank_end] and/or [blank_start]polyprptide[blank_end]. there are two types : Capsule and Slime Layer.
The [blank_start]capsule[blank_end] is [blank_start]neatly organized[blank_end] and [blank_start]firmly attached[blank_end] while the slime layer is [blank_start]unorganized[blank_end] and [blank_start]loose[blank_end].
Capsules prevent [blank_start]phagocytosis[blank_end]. Extracellular polymeric substance helps to form [blank_start]biofilms[blank_end]- Aexternal
- Bpolysaccharide
- Cpolyprptide
- Dcapsule
- Efirmly attached
- Fneatly organized
- Gunorganized
- Hloose
- Iphagocytosis
- Jbiofilms
8Which of the following is true of a flagella
- AIts fiamentous appendages
- Binternal to the cell wall
- CMade of peptoglycan
- DNot a thing in microbiology
9 flagella is
- AFilamentous appendages
- Bexternal to the cell
- CPropel flagella
- DPropel Bacteria
- EMade of peptides
- Fmade of protein flagellin
10[blank_start]Flagella[blank_end] allow [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] to move toward or away from any stimuli ([blank_start]taxis[blank_end]). Flagella [blank_start]rotate[blank_end]. The proteins flagella are made up of [blank_start]H antigens[blank_end] and distinguish between [blank_start]serovars[blank_end]
- AFlagella
- Bbacteria
- Ctaxis
- Drotate
- EH antigens
- FProteins
- Gserovars
11Axial Filaments are also called endoflagella
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
12Axial Filaments are found in everything except spirochetes
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
13Axial filaments are found all over a cells and rotates moving the cell like a corkscrew
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
14Fimbriae has [blank_start]hairlike appendages[blank_end] that allow for [blank_start]attachment[blank_end]
While
Pili are involved in [blank_start]motility[blank_end]. [blank_start]Conjugation pili[blank_end] are involved in [blank_start]DNA transferring[blank_end] from one cell to the next- Ahairlike appendages
- Battachment
- Cmotility
- DConjugation pili
- EDNA transferring
15The cell wall in the following
- APrevents osmotic lysis
- Bactivates osmotic lysis
- CProtects the cell membrane
- DDoes not Contribute to pathogenicity
16Peptidoglycan rows are linked by [blank_start]polypeptides[blank_end]
- Apolypeptides
17Gram + cell walls have thin peptidoglycan with teichoic acids
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
18wall teichoic acid links the peptidoglycan
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
19Gram + cell walls carry no charge
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
20gram + cell walls
- AProduce exotoxins
- BHave a high susceptibility to penicillin
- Cdisrupted by lysozyme
- DNone of the above
21Gram negative Bacteria produce ______
- ANothing
- BPeptides
- CEndotoxins and exotoxins
- DEndotoxins
- EExotoxins
22Gram - bacteria have a high susceptibility to penicillin
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
23Name the following parts
- ALipid bilayer of plasma membrane
- Bpeptidoglycan
- COuter membrane
24The [blank_start]phospholipid bilayer[blank_end] encloses the cytoplasm
The [blank_start]peripheral proteins[blank_end] on the membrane surface
[blank_start]Integral[blank_end] and [blank_start]transmembrane proteins[blank_end] penetrate the membrane- Aphospholipid bilayer
- Bperipheral proteins
- CIntegral
- Dtransmembrane proteins
25The plasma membrane's [blank_start]selective permeability[blank_end] allows the passage of some molecules, but not others
- Aselective permeability
26[blank_start]Passive processes:[blank_end] substances move from high concentration to low
concentration; no energy expended
[blank_start]Active processes:[blank_end] substances move from low concentration to high concentration; energy expended
[blank_start]Simple diffusion:[blank_end] movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
[blank_start]Facilitated diffusion:[blank_end] solute combines with a transporter protein in
the membrane. Transports ions and larger molecules across a membrane with the concentration gradient
[blank_start]Osmosis:[blank_end] the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water to an area of lower water concentration
[blank_start]Osmotic pressure:[blank_end] the pressure needed to stop the movement of
water across the membrane- APassive processes:
- BActive processes:
- CSimple diffusion:
- DFacilitated diffusion:
- EOsmosis:
- FOsmotic pressure:
27[blank_start]Isotonic solution:[blank_end] solute concentrations equal inside and outside of cell; water is at equilibrium
[blank_start]Hypotonic solution[blank_end]: solute concentration is lower outside than inside the cell; water moves into cell
[blank_start]Hypertonic solution:[blank_end] solute concentration is higher outside of cell than inside; water moves out of cell- AIsotonic solution:
- BHypotonic solution
- CHypertonic solution
- DHypotonic solution
- EIsotonic solution
- FHypertonic solution
- GHypertonic solution:
- HIsotonic solution
- IHypotonic solution
28[blank_start]Active transport[blank_end]: requires a transporter protein and ATP; goes against gradient
[blank_start]Group translocation[blank_end]: requires a transporter protein and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP); substance is altered as it crosses the membrane- AActive transport
- BGroup translocation
29What are the physical requirements for growth (select all that apply)
- ATemperature
- BCarbon
- CpH
- DOsmotic pressure
- EOxygen
- FNitrogen
- Gsulfur and phosphorus
- HTrace elements
- IOrganic growth factors
30What are the chemical requirements for growth
- ACarbon
- BTemperature
- CNitrogen
- DSulfur and phosphorus
- EpH
- FTrace elements
- GOxygen
- HOsmotic pressure
- IOrganic growth factors
31Psychrophiles: [blank_start]cold-loving[blank_end] [blank_start](-10-20°C; Opt. 10-12°C)[blank_end]; Grow between [blank_start]0C and 30C[blank_end]; [blank_start]cause food spoilage[blank_end]
Mesophiles: [blank_start]moderate temp-loving[blank_end] [blank_start](10-50°C; Opt. 35-37°C)[blank_end]
Thermophiles: [blank_start]heat-loving[blank_end] [blank_start](40-72°C; Opt. 60-65°C)[blank_end]Optimum growth temperature of [blank_start]50 to 60C[blank_end]; [blank_start]found in hot springs and organic compost[blank_end]
Hyperthermophiles: Optimum growth temperature [blank_start]>80C[blank_end]- Acold-loving
- B(-10-20°C; Opt. 10-12°C)
- C0C and 30C
- Dcause food spoilage
- Emoderate temp-loving
- F(10-50°C; Opt. 35-37°C)
- Gheat-loving
- H(40-72°C; Opt. 60-65°C)
- I50 to 60C
- Jfound in hot springs and organic compost
- K>80C
32Carbon
[blank_start]Structural backbone of organic molecules[blank_end]
Chemoheterotrophs use [blank_start]organic molecules as energy[blank_end]
[blank_start]Autotrophs use atmospheric CO2[blank_end]
• Nitrogen
[blank_start]Component of proteins, DNA, and ATP[blank_end]
Most bacteria decompose [blank_start]protein material for the nitrogen[blank_end] source
Some bacteria use [blank_start]NH4 + or NO3 from organic material[blank_end]
A few bacteria us [blank_start]atmospheric N2(nitrogen fixation)[blank_end]
• Sulfur
Used in [blank_start]amino acids, thiamine, and biotin[blank_end]
Most bacteria [blank_start]decompose protein[blank_end] for the [blank_start]sulfur source[blank_end]
Some bacteria [blank_start]use SO42 or H2S[blank_end]- AStructural backbone of organic molecules
- Borganic molecules as energy
- CAutotrophs use atmospheric CO2
- DComponent of proteins, DNA, and ATP
- Eprotein material for the nitrogen
- FNH4 + or NO3 from organic material
- Gatmospheric N2(nitrogen fixation)
- Hamino acids, thiamine, and biotin
- Idecompose protein
- Jsulfur source
- Kuse SO42 or H2S
33Obligate aerobes: [blank_start]Require oxygen to survive[blank_end]
Facultative anaerobes: [blank_start]Prefer oxygen but can survivewithout it[blank_end]
Anaerobes: Unable [blank_start]to use oxygen and most are harmed by it[blank_end]
Aerotolerant anaerobes: [blank_start]Tolerate but cannot use oxygen[blank_end]
Microaerophiles: Require [blank_start]oxygen concentration lower thanair[blank_end]- ARequire oxygen to survive
- BPrefer oxygen but can survivewithout it
- Cto use oxygen and most are harmed by it
- DTolerate but cannot use oxygen
- Eoxygen concentration lower thanair
34Culture medium: [blank_start]nutrients prepared for microbial growth[blank_end]
Sterile: [blank_start]no living microbes[blank_end]
Inoculum: [blank_start]introduction of microbes into a medium[blank_end]
Culture: [blank_start]microbes growing in or on a culture[blank_end] medium- Anutrients prepared for microbial growth
- Bno living microbes
- Cintroduction of microbes into a medium
- Dmicrobes growing in or on a culture
35Enrichment media
- AEncourages the growth of a desired microbe by increasing
very small numbers of a desired organism to detectable
levels. Usually a liquid (but not always) - BSuppress unwanted microbes which in turn encourages
growth of desired microbes. Contain inhibitors to suppress growth - CAllow distinguishing of colonies of different microbes on the same plate
- AEncourages the growth of a desired microbe by increasing
36Differential media
- AEncourages the growth of a desired microbe by increasing very small numbers of a desired organism to detectable levels. Usually a liquid (but not always)
- BSuppress unwanted microbes which in turn encourages
growth of desired microbes. Contain inhibitors to suppress growth - CAllow distinguishing of colonies of different microbes on the same plate
37Selective media
- AEncourages the growth of a desired microbe by increasing
very small numbers of a desired organism to detectable
levels Usually a liquid (but not always) - BSuppress unwanted microbes which in turn encourages
growth of desired microbes Contain inhibitors to suppress growth - CAllow distinguishing of colonies of different microbes on the same plate
- AEncourages the growth of a desired microbe by increasing
38Label the following image and cell
- ACell wall
- BPlasma membrane
- CNucleioid
- DCell elongates and DNA is replicated
- EPlasma membrane begins to constrict
- Fand new wall is made
- GCross wall forms
- Hcompletely separating two DNA copies
- ICells separate
39Lag phase: [blank_start]Adjustment to the environment[blank_end]
Log phase: [blank_start]Active growth[blank_end]
Stationary phase: [blank_start]Growth = Death[blank_end] [blank_start]Bacteria approach the carrying capacity[blank_end]
Death phase: [blank_start]Sad times[blank_end]- AAdjustment to the environment
- BActive growth
- CGrowth = Death
- DSad times
- EAdjustment to the environment
- FActive growth
- GGrowth = Death
- HSad times
- IGrowth = Death
- JAdjustment to the environment
- KActive growth
- LSad times
- MBacteria approach the carrying capacity
- NAdjustment to the environment
- OActive growth
- PSad times
- QSad times
- RAdjustment to the environment
- SGrowth = Death
- TBacteria approach the carrying capacity
40Fill in dilution in ration (top) (1;200) and scientific notation (bottom) (2^34) without brackets using proper commas in numbers (e.g. 29,000)
- A1:10
- B10^-1
- C1:100
- D1:1000
- E1:10,000
- F1:100,000
- G10^-2
- H10^-3
- I10^-4
- J10^-5
41Fill in the equation for direct microscope counts
- ANumber of bacteria/ml
- BNumber of cells counted
- CVolume of area counted
42The effectiveness of microbial death depends on number of microbes
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
43The effectiveness of microbial death depends organic matter
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
44The effectiveness of microbial death does not depend on how long it is exposed
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
45Microbial characteristics effect microbial death
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
46Heat will not denature enzymes
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
47Autoclave: steam under [blank_start]pressure[blank_end], [blank_start]121[blank_end] C at [blank_start]15[blank_end] psi for [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes, kills all organisms and [blank_start]endorses[blank_end], [blank_start]steam[blank_end] must contact the items surface
- Apressure
- B121
- C15
- D15
- Eendospores
- Fsteam
48fill in the table about surface-active agents (surfactants) pt 1
- Asoap
- BQuaternary ammonium compounds
- CAnions react with plasma membrane
49Fill in this table about prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
- AOne circular chromosome
- Bnot in
- CPaired chromosomes
- DIn
- EYes
- FNo
- GBacteria
- HArchaea
- IPolysaccharide
- JBinary fission
- KMitosis
50Most bacteria grow between [blank_start]pH 6.5 and 7.5[blank_end]
Molds and yeasts grow between [blank_start]pH 5 and 6[blank_end]
[blank_start]Acidophiles[blank_end] grow in acidic environments
[blank_start]Hypertonic environments[blank_end] (higher in solutes than inside the cell) cause
plasmolysis due to high osmotic pressure
[blank_start]Extreme or obligate halophiles[blank_end] require high osmotic pressure (high salt)
[blank_start]Facultative halophiles[blank_end] tolerate high osmotic pressure- ApH 6.5 and 7.5
- BpH 5 and 6
- CAcidophiles
- DHypertonic environments
- EExtreme or obligate halophiles
- FFacultative halophiles
51Phosphorus
Used in [blank_start]DNA[blank_end], RNA, and ATP
Found in [blank_start]membranes[blank_end]
PO4^3is a common source of [blank_start]phosphorous[blank_end]- ADNA
- Bmembranes
- Cphosphorous
52Trace Elements
[blank_start]Inorganic[blank_end] elements required in small amounts
Usually as [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] cofactors
Include iron, copper, molybdenum, and [blank_start]zinc[blank_end]- AInorganic
- Benzyme
- Czinc
53Organic Growth Factors
Organic compounds obtained from the [blank_start]environment[blank_end]
Vitamins, [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end], purines, and pyrimidines
Often supplied in culture media via the addition of [blank_start]yeast[blank_end] extract- Aenvironment
- Bamino acids
- Cyeast
54BSL - 1: no special precautions; basic [blank_start]teaching[blank_end] labs
BSL - 2: lab coat, [blank_start]gloves[blank_end], eye protection- Ateaching
- Bgloves
55BSL - 3: [blank_start]biosafety[blank_end] cabinets to prevent airborne transmission
BSL - 4: sealed, [blank_start]negative[blank_end] pressure; “hot zone”; exhaust air is filtered[blank_start]twice[blank_end] through HEPA filters- Abiosafety
- Bnegative
- Ctwice
56Fill in this table about media
- AChemically Defined
- BComplex
- CReducing
- DSelective
- EDifferential
- FEnrichment
57[blank_start]Sepsis[blank_end]: refers to bacterial contamination
[blank_start]Asepsis[blank_end]: the absence of significant contamination; techniques that prevent the microbial contamination of wounds
[blank_start]Sterilization[blank_end]: removing and destroying all microbial life
[blank_start]Commercial sterilization[blank_end]: killing Clostridium botulinum endospores from canned goods- ASepsis
- BAsepsis
- CSterilization
- DCommercial sterilization
58[blank_start]Disinfection[blank_end]: destroying harmful microorganisms
[blank_start]Antisepsis[blank_end]: destroying harmful microorganisms from living tissue
[blank_start]Degerming[blank_end]: the mechanical removal of microbes from a limitedarea- ADisinfection
- BAntisepsis
- CDegerming
59[blank_start]Sanitization[blank_end]: lowering microbial counts on eating utensils tosafe levels
[blank_start]Biocide (germicide)[blank_end]: treatments that kill microbes
[blank_start]Bacteriostasis[blank_end]: inhibiting, not killing, microbes- ASanitization
- BBiocide (germicide)
- CBacteriostasis
60[blank_start]Thermal death point (TDP)[blank_end]: lowest temperature at which all cells in a liquid culture are killed in 10 minutes
[blank_start]Thermal death time (TDT)[blank_end]: minimal time for all bacteria in a liquid culture to be killed at a particular temperature
[blank_start]Decimal reduction time (DRT)[blank_end] Minutes to kill 90% of a specific population of bacteria at a given temperature- AThermal death point (TDP)
- BThermal death time (TDT)
- CDecimal reduction time (DRT)
61
[blank_start]Use-Dilution tests[blank_end]: Metal cylinders are dipped in test bacteria and dried
Cylinders are placed in disinfectant for 10min at 20°C
Cylinders are transferred to culture media to determine whether the bacteria survived treatment
[blank_start]The Disk-Diffusion Method[blank_end]
Evaluates efficacy of chemical agents
Filter paper disks are soaked in a chemical and placed on a culture
Look for zone of inhibition around disks- AUse-Dilution tests
- BThe Disk-Diffusion Method
62Fill in this table
- ABisphenols
- BBiguanides
- CEssential Oils (EOs)
- DIodine
- EChlorine
- FHalogens
- GAlcohols
63Heat: [blank_start]Pasteurization[blank_end] reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens, [blank_start]High-temperature short-time (HTST):[blank_end] 72°C for 15 sec, Thermoduric organisms survive
Dry Heat Sterilization: Kills by [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] examples: [blank_start]Flaming, Incineration,[blank_end] Hot-air sterilization- APasteurization
- BHigh-temperature short-time (HTST):
- Coxidation
- DFlaming, Incineration,
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Quiz am Micro test 1, erstellt von Ali K am 16/09/2019.
- Autor
- Ali K
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 7
- Schlagwörter
- Bewertung
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