Quiz
Physio cycle 4 part 2
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Fragen in diesem Quiz (144)
1Identify right statements concerning processes that are TSH-dependent
- AActivation of endocytosis and proteolysis of the colloid
- BActivation of the co-transport of Na+ and iodine
- CDecreased activity of TPO
- DSynthesis of the TBG
2Identify right statement concerning effects of action of thyroid hormones
- AEutyreosis (normal plasma level of thyroid hormones) is necessary criterion of the proper myelinization in CNS
- BComplex T4-nuclear receptor intensifies the process of synthesis of the proteins uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation.
- CThyroid hormones inhibit erythropoiesis.
- DRise of concentration of T3 in plasma of blood can result with rise of systolic pressure and decrease of diastolic pressure
- EThyroid hormones up-regulate β-adrenergic receptors (increase their number) on cardiomyocytes
3An adult male (190 cm; 80kg) consumed in resting conditions 30 L of pure oxygen (at sea level). Estimate his BMR
- AApproximately 140 kcal/m2/h
- BApproximately 70-76 kcal/m2/h
- CApproximately 40-45 kcal/m2/h
- DApproximately 28-30 kcal/m2/h
- EIt’s improperly low
- FIt’s normal
- GIt’s improperly high
- HTHIS ISN´T CORRCTED. FIGURE IT OUT!
4Identify right statements concerning thermolysis
- AIn standard environmental conditions – most of heat is lost by the process radiation
- BIn high environmental temperature – evaporation of 1L of sweat removes approximately 580 kcal of heat
- C50 % of all the body heat is lost through skin
- DCutaneous blood flow increases due to vasodilation of the blood vessels distributed to this region
5Secretion of HCl from parietal cell is not stimulated by
- AAcetylcholine mediating through N-cholinergic receptor
- BHistamine mediating through H2 histaminic receptor
- CNorepinephrine mediating through α2 adrenergic receptor
- DGastrin mediating through CCKB receptor
- ESomatostatin
6Identify proper statements concerning insulin:
- AIt is a hormone synthesized and liberated by α of pancreatic islets
- BIt induces intracellular synthesis of proteins and inhibits their breakdown (in cells possessing GLUT4)
- CIt inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
- DIt activates lipolysis in adipocytes
7Actions of glucagon are
- AIncreased SV (resulting from increased synthesis of cAMP cardiomyocytes)
- BIncreased breakdown of triglycerides (lipolysis)
- CIncreased TPR and systolic pressure
- DIncreased visceral blood flow
8Identify right statements concerning glucagon
- AIt is liberated in response to hypoglycemia
- BIt activates glycogenolysis in hepatocyte
- CIt exerts negative chronotropic effect on heart
- DIt is liberated in response to increased concentration of FFA in plasma of blood
9Actions of insulin are:
- AControls processes of organogenesis
- BIncreases lipogenesis
- CIncreases transportation of K+ ion from cells to the ECF
- DIncreases transportation of glucose to myocytes through SGLT1 of the sarcolemma
10Which statements concerning basic metabolic rate (BMR) are right?
- A...raising activity of metabolism
- BBMR of the average human equals approximately 1000 kcal per body-surface area/24h
- CBMR increase after physical exercise because of recovery
- DIt depends on such personal factors as level of training, neuromuscular co-ordination, type of ingested diet
- EIt depends on personal factors (body mass, age, height, gender)
11Which statements concerning motor activity of the gastrointestinal system are right
- ABER is generated by G cells of gastric and intestinal mucosa
- BCCK produces contraction of gallbladder
- CThe frequency of BER in stomach is 3/min
- DBER results from spontaneous depolarization of visceral smooth muscle cells of longitudinal layer of stomach
12Identify right statements concerning composition of the standard final urine
- AIts volume equals approximately 1% of GFR
- BPH of urine can range from 3.0 – 9.6
- CIt contains usually less than 0,5 – 1,0% of GFRna
- DIt contains 0 – 5 leukocytes/high power field
- EPhysiological proteinuria can reach 1,5g/24h (150mg)
13Access BMR of the 25 y.o. Female student (BSA = 1,5m^2) whose resting oxygen consumption equals 2,5 L/10 minutes
- ABMR excessive
- BBMR is improperly low
- CBMR is normal
- DCalculation of BMR is not possible
14Acid-base blood parameters: PH – 7,56, pCO2 – 31mmHg; HCO3 – 19 mmol/L
characterize- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
- EUncompensated
- FPartially uncompensated
- GFully compensated
15Find clearance of endogenous creatinine when daily diuresis(V) is 1440 ml, concentration of creatinine in urine (Ux) is 1.4 mg/mL concentration of creatinine in plasma (Px) is 10 mg/L. Is it normal clearance?
- A110 ml/min
- B120 ml/min
- C130 ml/min
- D140 ml/min
- ENormal
- FAbnormal
16Find clearance of endogenous creatinine when daily diuresis(V) is 1100 ml, concentration of creatinine in urine (Ux) is 1.4 mg/mL concentration of creatinine in plasma (Px) is 10mg/L. ?
- A110 ml/min
- B120 ml/min
- C130 ml/min
- D140 ml/min
- ENormal
- FAbnormal
17Identify right statements concerning processes that are TSH-dependent:
- AIncreased synthesis of TRH
- BActivation of endocytosis and proteolysis of the colloid
- CActivation of the co-transport of Na+ and iodine
- DDecreased activity of TPO
- ESynthesis of TBG
18Identify right statement concerning effects of action of thyroid hormones:
- AEutyreosis (normal plasma level of thyroid hormones) is necessary criterion of the proper myelinization in CNS
- BComplex T4-nuclear receptor intensifies the process of synthesis of the proteins uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation
- CThyroid hormones inhibit erythropoiesis.
- DRise of concentration of T3 in plasma of blood can result with rise of systolic pressure and decrease of diastolic pressure
- EThyroid hormones up-regulate β-adrenergic receptors (increase their number) on cardiomyocytes
19An adult male (190 cm; 80kg) consumed in resting conditions 30 L of pure oxygen (at sea level). Estimate his BMR.
- ANOT CORRECTED YET
- BApproximately 140 kcal/m2/h
- CApproximately 70-76 kcal/m2/h
- DApproximately 40-45 kcal/m2/h
- EApproximately 28-30 kcal/m2/h
- FIt´s improperly low
- GIt´s normal
- HIt´s improperly high
20Identify right statements concerning thermolysis
- AIn standard environmental conditions – most of heat is lost by the process radiation
- BIn high environmental temperature – evaporation of 1L of sweat removes approximately 580 kcal of heat
- C50 % of all the body heat is lost through skin
- DCutaneous blood flow increases due to vasodilation of the blood vessels distributed to this region
21Secretion of HCl from parietal cell is not stimulated by:
- AAcetylcholine mediating through N-cholinergic receptor
- BHistamine mediating through H2 histaminic receptor
- CNorepinephrine mediating through α2 adrenergic receptor
- DGastrin mediating through CCKB receptor
- ESomatostatin
22Identify proper statements concerning insulin
- AIt is a hormone synthesized and liberated by α of pancreatic islets
- BIt induces intracellular synthesis of proteins and inhibits their breakdown (in cells possessing GLUT4
- CIt inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesi
- DIt activates lipolysis in adipocytes
- EDON´T KNOW WHATS RIGHT. JUST THAT 1 IS WRONG
23Actions of glucagon are
- AIncreased SV (resulting from increased synthesis of cAMP cardiomyocytes)
- BIncreased breakdown of triglycerides (lipolysis)
- CIncreased TPR and systolic pressure
- DIncreased visceral blood flow
24Identify right statements concerning glucagon
- AIt is liberated in response to hypoglycemia
- BIt activates glycogenolysis in hepatocyte
- CIt exerts negative chronotropic effect on heart
- DIt is liberated in response to increased concentration of FFA in plasma of blood
25Actions of insulin are
- AControls processes of organogenesis
- BIncreases lipogenesis
- CIncreases transportation of K+ ion from cells to the ECF
- DIncreases transportation of glucose to myocytes through SGLT1 of the sarcolemma
26Which statements concerning digestion and absorption of carbohydrates are right?
- AFructose is absorbed from the intestine in process of facilitated diffusion performed by GLUT5
- BGalactose is reabsorbed from the lumen of the jejunum by the secondary active transport
- CDisaccharides are digested by specific enzymes such as trehalase, lactase and sucrase located on brush border.
- DBoth, sucrase and lactase are secreted by exocrine duodenal glands
27Action potentials in smooth muscle of intestines are elicited by
- ABeta-adrenergic stimulation
- BSympathetic stimulation
- CCCK
- DHistamine
28Enzymes able to digest carbohydrates in conditions of the human organism are
- ASalivary α-amylase, which hydrolyzes 1,4-α linkages of amylose
- BPancreatic α-amylase, which hydrolyzes terminal 1,6-α linkages of amylopectin
- CSucrase and maltase, which hydrolyzes disaccharides
- DRenin which hydrolyzes pentoses
29Find correct examples of aerobic endurance exercises
- ARunning and brisk walking
- BWeightlifting and wrestling
- CCycling and rowing
- DCanoeing and swimming
- EBodybuilding and use of static gymnastics equipment
30Identify right statements concerning iodine metabolism
- AIodination occurs only on tyrosine residues located in thyroglobulin
- BDeiodinases can be found in peripheral tissues, not only thyroid gland
- CMain thyroid hormone synthesized in thyroid gland is T3
- DT3 increases cellular expression of the stimulation....
31Identify right statement concerning gastrin
- AG17 gastrin (”little gastrin”) is usually secreted during interdigestive periods
- BThe minimum fragment necessary for biological actions of gastrin is C-terminal tetrapepti?
- CGastrin, glucagon and GIP are members of the gastrin family of GI hormones
- DCCK_B receptor can be bound by both CCK and gastrin
- ESecretion of gastrin is increased in response to secretin, GIP, VIP and glucagon
32Actions of gastrin are:
- AIt stimulates gastric acid secretion
- BIt inhibits secretion of insulin
- CIt stimulates contraction of the gallbladder
- DIt stimulates growth of mucosa of stomach and intestines
- EIt decreases tension of the pyloric sphincte
33Actions of CCK are
- AIt produces relaxation of gallbladder
- BIt produces strong trophic effect on pancreas
- CIt stimulates gastric emptying
- DIt inhibits effect of secretin via the rise of bicarbonate synthesis
- EIt stimulates secretion of the pancreatic rich in enzymes
34Identify right statement concerning intestinal musculature
- AIt is made of unitary smooth muscle cells
- BThey are intensively innervated by branches of the autonomic afferent nerves
- CThey form specific type of the neuromuscular junction called caveoles
- DElectrical impulse propagates through gap junction onto another smooth muscle cell within 10ms
- EUnitary smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled by low resistance gap junctions
- FMulti-unit smooth muscle cells located under circular layer of muscle cells generate slow wave in intestine
35Identify right statement concerning BER and slow wave:
- AFrequency of BER rises in effect of mechanical distension of the stomach
- BBER is the pattern of motor activity generated in response to slow waves originating from Cajal cells
- CThe frequency of the slow wave in the stomach is very slow. Its frequency is approximately 3 waves/min
- DSlow wave is the main factor triggering peristalsis of stomach during digestion
36Identify right statements concerning peristalsis of intestines:
- ADefecation reflex produces involuntary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
- BMass action contractions are the type of the anti-peristaltic wave present only in the large intestine
- CSegmental, non-propulsive movements are circular contractions of myogenic origin, mixing chyme in the small intestine
- DMotor activity of the small intestine is inhibited by motilin
37Identify right statements concerning motility of the gut
- AMotilin intensifies motility of the stomach and the small intestine
- BGastrin intensifies peristalsis of the stomach but not the small intestine
- CCCK intensifies peristalsis of the small intestine but not the stomach
- DGlucagon intensifies peristalsis of the stomach and the small intestine
38Which statements concerning BMR are right
- AIt is the minimum energy of biochemical reactions per time unit that sustains very resting activity of metabolism
- BBMR of the average adult human equals approximately 1,0 kcal/kg/h
- CBMR is proportionate to the level of physical work performed in particular moment of time
- DIt depends on such personal factors as level of training, neuromuscular co-ordination, type of ingested diet ...
- EIt depends on such personal factors as patient’s age and gender
39Identify right statements concerning BMR
- AHigh body temperature increases BMR by 45 % per every 1*C of fever
- BBMR is higher in an average man than a woman
- CBMR equals approximately 58-60 kcal/m2/h in adult males
- DIt is proportionate to BSA (the body surface area).
40Basal metabolic rate depends on
- AEnvironmental temperature
- BFood ingestion
- CBody mass and height
- DBody surface area
41Identify right statements concerning the effect of food ingestion on metabolism
- AIngestion of fat decreases metabolism by 12 %
- BIngestion of the average diet elevates metabolism by 45%
- CGastrointestinal motility, digestive action, and hepatic metabolism are responsible
- DMalnutrition produces negative effects on BMR
- ESDA is related to high environmental temperature
42Energy equivalent of oxygen is the amount of energy liberated from oxidation per 1L of utilized oxygen. Energy equivalent of oxygen equals
- A4,82 kcal in organisms utilizing the average diet
- B5,65 kcal in an organism utilizing a diet fully composed of proteins
- C5,05 kcal in an organism utilizing a diet fully composed of carbohydrates
- D9,30 kcal in an organism utilizing a diet fully composed of fats
43Non-shivering thermogenesis
- AOccurs mainly in brown fat
- BIs intensified by catecholamines
- CIs inhibited by T3
- DResults from action of the reticular formation onto gamma-motor neurons
44Identify right statements concerning compliance of lungs
- ACompliance of lungs is a measure of how the lung volume changes as a result of changes of the Transpulmonary pressure
- BThe compliance of lung and chest is proportionate to the elastic properties also defined as elastase
- CSurfactant is a phospholipids produced by type 2 pneumocytes and increases lung compliance
- DCompliance is low in emphysema
45Find right sentences concerning volumes and capacities of lungs
- AThe total lung capacity of young healthy adult males (TLC) is approximately 3-4 liters
- BTidal volume is 500mL and includes volume of are that fills alveoli (350mL) and volume of that fills airways (150mL
- CThe inspiratory capacity (IC) and the functional residual capacity (FRC) can be assessed by Spirometry
- DThe functional residual capacity (FRC) can be assessed by the body plethysmography or the helium dilution method
46Identify right formulas assessing spirometric parameters
- AVC = IC + ERV
- BVC = ERV + IRV+TV
- CTLC = ERV + IRV + RV
- DFVC = FEV1 + FEV2 + FEV3 + FEV4
- EPEF = FVC + FEV1
47Which statements concerning bronchial state are right
- AParasympathetic discharge produces bronchoconstriction through muscarinic receptors
- BSympathetic discharge produces bronchoconstriction through
- CSympathetic discharge produces bronchodilation through β2-adrenergic receptors
- DParasympathetic discharge produces bronchodilation through β1-adrenergic receptors
- EVIP produces bronchoconstriction
48Which statements concerning matching alveolar ventilation and alveolar pulmonary blood Perfusion are right?
- APartial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in pulmonary venous blood leaving upper portions of lungs is 85mmHg
- BLower than average ventilation/perfusion ratio characterizes venous shunt
- CVentilation/perfusion ratio during physical exercise rises
- DVentilation/perfusion ratio for upper portions of lungs is lower than 0.8
49FEV1 is:
- AThe volume of air that can be expired in the first second of forcibly expired air
- BThe best marker of the amount of the pulmonary parenchyma
- CShould be equal to 50% of VC in young healthy adults
- DShould be equal to approximately 10% of TLC
- EDecreased in people suffering because of obstructive (obturative) lung diseases
50Identify statements concerning SARs (Slowly Adapting Receptors) of lungs
- AThey are activated by hyperinflation of lungs (inspiration of more than 1-2 L of air)
- BThey are mechanoreceptors located among smooth muscle cells of airways
- CTheir stimulation activates inspiratory in the dorsal group of inspiratory neurons
- DTheir activation increases TV and prolongs inspiration
51Identify right statements concerning processes occurring during inspiration
- AElastic recoil increases
- BVolume of the thorax decreases
- CIntrapleural pressure becomes higher than at rest
- DThe pressure gradient between atmosphere and alveoli drives airflow into the lungs
- EThe diaphragm contracts
52Identify right statements concerning central chemoreceptors
- AThey respond directly to decrease of pH in cerebral fluid
- BThey are located on ventral part of the medulla
- CThey communicate indirectly with the inspiratory center
- DThey sense changes in pO2
- EThey are located in carotid bodies
53If tidal volume is 0.5 L, inspiratory reserve volume is 3.5 L, vital capacity is 5.5 L what is expiratory reserve volume?
VC = IRV + ERV + TV- A2.5 L
- B1.5 L
- C3.5 L
- D3.0 L
54Proper level of GFR is maintained by
- AGlomerulotubular balance
- BAutoregulation of renal blood flow
- CRegulation of vascular resistance in renal arteries in response to changes of the blood pressure
- DSensing of NaCL tubular load performed by cells of the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
55Filtration barrier of the normal renal glomerulus
- AAllows passage of positively-charged ions smaller than 8nm
- BAllows passage of negatively-charged lipids larger than 8nm
- CAllows passage of myoglobin and hemoglobin
- DAllows passage of erythrocytes
56Identify right statements concerning renal clearances
- AOsmotic clearances is the amount of osmotically active substances present in plasma excreted by Kidney per minute
- BClearance of creatinine measures renal plasma flow
- CClearance of PAH measures renal blood flow
- DClearance of inulin measures volume of plasma completely cleared of inulin per minute
57Which of following sentences properly describes starling forces across glomerular capillary
- AHydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary is 45 mmHg facilitating (favoring) filtration
- BOncotic pressure progressively decreases along the capillary length
- CAt the end of the glomerular capillary starling forces facilitate reabsorption
- DConstriction of the afferent arteriole reduces renal plasma flow and GFR
58Formula for calculation of filtration fraction (FF) is:
- AGFR/ RPF
- BRPF/CPAH
- CGFRx / RBF
- DCIN/ CPAH
59Which statements concerning the loop of Henle are right?
- AThe descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
- BThe descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water
- CThe ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water
- DThe thick ascending limb of loop of Henle performs reabsorption of Na+ in process of secondary active transport
60Autoregulation of the RBF
- AWhen pressure in renal artery falls below 80mmHg RBF increases
- BMyogenic regulation involves Ca2+ stretch-sensitive channels
- CRBF is regulated between 80-200mmHg of MAP of renal artery
- DInvolves action of macula densa
- ERBF varies due to changes of MAP in renal artery
61Identify statements concerning filtration barrier of the glomerulus
- AIt includes endothelium with pores
- BEpithelium is laying on well-developed basal lamina
- CContains positively charged glycoproteins
- DDo not contains podocytes
- ERestricts passage of molecules bigger than 8nm
62Which of following statements describe properly action of the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal system
- AIt innervates striated muscles of the upper third part the esophagus as well as smooth musculature of its remaining part
- BIt innervates both internal and external anal sphincter, rectum and the sigmoid colon
- CPostganglionic neurons of the vagus nerve are classified as either cholinergic or peptidergic. Peptidergic neurons liberate one of several neurotransmitters such as substance P, VIP
- DMost of neural fibers of the vagus nerve are efferent
- EPreganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve are relatively short and synapse in ganglia outside the Gastrointestinal system
63Actions of gastrin are
- AStimulation of pepsin secretion
- BInhibition of gastric acid secretion
- CStimulation of gastric motility
- DStimulation of growth of mucosa of stomach and intestines
- EInhibition of insulin secretion
64Which monosaccharides are absorbed from the lumen of the gastrointestinal system by SGLT 1?
- AGlucose
- BLactulose
- CGalactose
- DFructose
65Identify enzymes that are not proteolytic components of the pancreatic juice
- ATrypsin, chymotrypsin
- BRennin, α-amylase
- CEnterokinase, aminopeptidase
- DCarboxypeptidase, elastase
66Identify right statement concerning BMR
- AHigh body temperature increases BMR by 70% per every 1°C of fever
- BIt is higher in men than women
- CIt is proportionate to BSA (body surface area)
- DIn adults- it increases with age
67Secretion of saliva
- AIs under control of pons
- BSympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation leads to secretion of saliva
- CSympathetic stimulation is decreased during sleep
- DSecretion of saliva is decreased by fear
- EWhen production of saliva increases blood flow in glands decreases
68Rank the following substances in order of their clearance from highest to lowest:
(ANSWER IN Explanation)- AInulin
- BHippurate (PAH)
- CCreatinine
- DGlucose
69Identify right statements concerning fate of glucose in nephron tubule
- AGlucose can be reabsorbed from PCT by SGLT against the concentration gradient
- BTmax of glucose is proportional to glycemia (plasma level of glucose)
- CSGLT finalizes reabsorption of glucose in descending part of LH (loop of Henle)
- DTransport of glucose via the luminal membrane of PCT depends on activity of NA/K ATPase in basolateral membrane
70Which of following statements concern right processes maintaining proper rate of the glomerular filtration
- ATubuloglomerular balance is controlled by macula densa cells sensing concentration of NaCI in the terminal part of ALI+
- BMyogenic mechanism is a vascular constriction leading to rise of the hydrostatic pressure; It prevents dropping of GFR.
- CIn effect of low flow through the region of the macula densa cells, renin intensifies synthesis of angiotensin II
- DReduced load of solutes in the terminal part of ALH produces vasodilatation of the afferent glomerular arteriole
71Which of following statements describe properly actions of angiotensin II:
- AIt decreases hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary
- BIt increase GFR
- CIt produces constriction of the efferent arteriole
- DIt increases glomerular blood flow
72Which statements concerning the loop of Henle are right?
- ANa+ is reabsorbed by Na+/K+ pump from the lumen of the descending limb of the loop of Henle
- BTubular fluid of the ascending part of the loop of Henle is 200 milliosmoles less concentrated than interstitial fluid because of the action of secondary active transport.
- CThe thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water
- DThe thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle performs co-transportation of Na+, K+ and Cl- in the process of secondary active transport.
73Analyze Tmax of following substances. Put them in proper order, starting from the substance which TmAx is the lowest (analyze only the rate) :
(NAME LOWEST TO HIGHEST AND VALUES)- AInulin
- BGlucose
- CCreatinine
- DHippurate (PAH)
74Identify right statements concerning renal clearances
- AOsmotic (osmolar) clearance is the plasma volume cleared of solutes per minute
- BClearance of creatinine measures renal plasma flow
- CClearance of PAH measures renal blood flow
- DClearance of inulin measures volume of plasma completely cleared of inulin per minute.
75 Find clearance of endogenous creatinine when daily diuresis (V) is 1440 ml, concentration of creatinine in urine (Ux) is 1.4 mg/mL concentration of creatinine in plasma (Px) is 10 mg/L. Is it normal clearance?
- A110 mL/min.
- B120 mL/min.
- C130 mL/min.
- D140 mL/min.
- ENormal
- FAbnormal
76Acid-base blood parameters: pH -7,52; pCO2 – 30 mmHg; HCO-3 – 19 mmol/L characterize
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
- ENoncompensated
- FPartially compensated
- GFully compensated
77Acid-base blood parameters: pH -7, 58; pCO2 – 40 mmHg; HCO-3 – 30 mmol/L characterize
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- Dnoncompensated
- Epartially compensated
- Ffully compensated
78Filtration barrier of the renal glomerulus:
- AAllows passage of positively-charged ions
- BAllows passage of positively -charged globulins
- CAllows passage of free myoglobin and hemoglobin
- DAllows passage of erythrocytes.
79Which of following calculations equal to 1, 0
- ARPF/ CPAH
- BCIN/GFR
- CRPF / RBF
- DCIN/ TmaxGL
80Which statements concerning reabsorption of Na+ from the nephron tubule are right?
- AApproximately 65-70 % of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule
- BApproximately 15% of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed from collecting duct, dependent on ADH.
- CApproximately 25 % of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
- DApproximately 25 % of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
81The renal Clarences represents
- AGlomerular filtration rate
- BThe amount of substance which can be transported through the tubular walls per minute.
- CThe plasma concentration of the substance at which it begins to appear in the urine.
- DA volume of plasma cleared of the substance X per minute
82Which phenomena can coincide with following situation: intrapulmonary pressure exceeds atmospheric, no airflow
- AThe pressure in pulmonary alveoli exceeds atmospheric pressure.
- BResting inspiration just has finished
- CResting expiration just has finished
- DExpiratory muscles are relaxed
- EThe pressure in pulmonary alveoli equals atmospheric
- FExpiratory muscles are contracted
83Identify right statements concerning compliance of the normal healthy lungs
- AThe lung is more compliant at the apex than at the base of the lung.
- BThe lung is less compliant at the apex than at the base of the lung
- CCompliance decreases with age.
- DCompliance is lower in supine (horizontal) position than in standing (up-right).
84Identify right statements
- AElastic recoil of the chest wall facilitates expiration up to 70% of the VC
- BElastic recoil of the lung is directed centripetally, opposing enlargement of lungs in all the range of the VC.
- CSurfactants decrease surface tension of alveoli and lung retractility
- DSynthesis of surfactant increases right before the birth
85Which statements concerning bronchial state are right?
- AParasympathetic discharge produces bronchodilation through muscarinic receptors
- BSympathetic discharge produces bronchodilation through β-adrenergic receptors
- CVIP and nitric oxide produce bronchodilation to smooth muscle cells of bronchi
- DParasympathetic discharge produces bronchoconstriction through β-adrenergic receptors
86Identify incorrect statements concerning Residual Volume
- AIt equals VC minus FRC
- BIt is approximately 150 mL.
- CIt is approximately 1.1 — 1.2 L.
- DThe volume of air left in lungs after passive expiration.
- EIts volume can be assessed by the helium dilution method
87Identify right statements concerning the loop of the lung compliance (hysteresis loop of lungs):
- AElastic resistance of the lungs is proportionate to the angle between the X axis of the system and the long axis of the loop
- BThe lung volume increases proportionately to the transpulmonary pressure
- CThe greater is the compliance of lungs the greater is the angle between the X axis of the system and the long axis of the loop.
- DThe greater is the retractility of lungs the greater is the angle between the X axis of the system and the long axis of the loop.
88Identify statements concerning SARs (Slowly Adapting Receptors) of lungs:
- AThey are activated by inhaling an unusually high volume of air into lungs (inspiration of more than 1-2 L of air).
- BThey are mechanoreceptors located among smooth muscle cells of airways (mainly bronchi).
- CThey activate inspiratory neurons of DRG
- DTheir activation increases TV and prolongs inspiration
89Physiological respiratory sounds are
- ABronchial sound over the sternum
- BVesicular sound over the bottom of lungs
- CVesicular sound over the precordial area
- DBronchial sound over the bottom of lungs
90Airway resistance (AWR)
- AIncreases in response to histamine liberated from mast cells
- BDecreases in effect of interaction of Ach with M3-cholinergic receptors
- CMost of AWR is generated in very small bronchi and bronchioles because of the turbulent flow of air.
- DIncreases in tachypnea (increased breathing rate).
91Identify right statements concerning inspiratory neurons of the respiratory complex of the brain stem
- AThey are located in medulla oblongata and hypothalamus
- BThey can be inhibited by P-neurons of the NTS
- CNeurons of the pneumotaxic center activate IR neurons
- DIBS neurons receive information from IR neurons and send it to the inspiratory α -moto neurons
- ERespiratory pacemaker is located in the pre-Botzinger pneumotaxic center
92Identify right formulas
- AVC = IC + ERV
- BFRC = ERV + RV
- CVC = ERV + IRV + TV
- DTLC = ERV + IRV + RV
93Identify right statements concerning pulmonary circulation
- AMean arterial pressure in pulmonary arteries is 15 mmHg; vessels are less compliant than in systemic arteries, not able to accumulate much blood.
- BWhen oxygen concentration in alveoli decreases below 70% of normal level, adjacent vessels constrict distributing air to areas of better alveolar ventilation.
- CIn middle and upper parts of lungs, because of diastolic pressure lower than alveolar air pressure, passage of blood through their alveolar capillaries is possible only during peaks of pulmonary arterial pressure
- DWhen oxygen concentration in alveoli decreases below 70% of normal level, adjacent vessels dilate, rising utilization of oxygen
94Action of gastrin are:
- AStimulation of pepsin secretion
- BInhibition of gastric acid secretion
- CStimulation of gastric motility
- DStimulation of growth of mucosa of stomach and intestines
- EInhibition of insulin secretion
95Identify right statements concerning hydrochloric acid (HCL) in stomach
- AHistamine decreases secretion of HC1 through the H2 receptor
- BIt requires action of the proton pump (H+/K+ ATP-ase) in luminal membranes of the parietal cells
- CAcetylcholine increases secretion of HCI
- DGastrin inhibits secretion of HCI
96Biological effects of triiodothyronine are
- AIncrease of the intestinal absorption of glucose
- BPositive chronotropic effect to heart
- CNegative inotropic effect to heart
- DIncreased calorigenesis
- EIncreased secretion of TSH and prolactin
- FIncrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance
97Find right sentences
- AWaist Circumference > 88 cm in females and > 102 cm in males indicates an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases
- BNormal value of BMI in young adults ranges 25 — 30
- CWHR (waist-hip ratio) is used to differentiate between two types of obesity in people whose BMI is excessive
- DBMI in obesity is lower than 25
98Identify right statements concerning mass movements (massive peristalsis):
- AThey are gastric contractions resulting from distention of the stomach
- BIt is observed in the stomach in interdigestive periods
- CThey are colonic contractions occurring 3-4 times a day
- DIt is present both in the stomach and duodenum
- EEvery such intestinal activity can be followed by a defecation process.
99Find right sentences related to receptive relaxation of stomach
- AStomach gains the ability to accommodate even a large amount of food without increasing intra-gastric pressure
- BIt is a phenomenon present in all parts of the stomach
- CIt is intensified by adrenergic stimulation
- DIt is mediated by branches of the vagus nerve (vasovagal reflex)
100B-cells of pancreatic islets secrete insulin in response to
- AOpening of ATP-dependent potassium channels
- BCCK
- CIncrease hydrolysis of ATP
- DGlucagon
101Which statements are right
- ABER is generated by G cells of gastric glands
- BBER is produced by interstitial Cajal cells
- CThe frequency of BER in the stomach is 3/min
- DBER results from spontaneous depolarization of visceral smooth muscle cells of the longitudinal layer of the stomach
102Identify adaptations of kidneys to physical exercise
- AGlomerular filtration rate is constant despite changes of the exercise load
- BRenal blood flow increases proportionately to level of exercise
- CIn effect of intensive exercise increased permeability of glomeruli can lead to albuminuria and hemoglobinuria
- DPotassium loss with urine decreases in effect of intensive exercise
- ENatriuresis (sodium loss) decreases in effect of intensive exercise
103Identify right statements concerning effect of exercise level on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in humans
- AIn submaximal exercise, the energy provided for working muscles originates mainly from carbohydrates.
- BIn moderate exercise, the energy provided for working muscles originates mainly from carbohydrates
- CIn short-lasting physical activities, the energy provided for working muscles originates mainly from lipids.
- DIn long-lasting physical activities, the energy provided for working muscles originates mainly from lipids
104Indicate the correct statements concerning activities leading to decrease of the adipose tissue mass in obese people
(SAY THE CORRECT ANSWERS TO THE WRONG ONES)- AThe most effective are aerobic exercises such as weight lifting or body-building
- BFast reduction of fat tissue can be performed in a safe and healthy way by doing the regular physical activity lasting for a few weeks
- CDuring every training session, maximum pulse should be reached.
- DPhysical exercise sessions shouldn't be long (maximum duration of one session - about 20 minutes)
- Enone are correct
105Identify right statements concerning digestion of carbohydrates in conditions of human organism are
- ASalivary amylase hydrolyzes 1,6-α linkages of amylose
- BPancreatic amylase hydrolyzes terminal 1,4-α linkages of amylopectin
- CSucrase and maltase hydrolyze disaccharides in lumen of the small intestine beginning from duodenum
- DEnterokinase activates pancreatic amylase in process of partial proteolysis
106Which statements concerning digestion and absorption of carbohydrates are right
- AFructose is reabsorbed into enterocytes by GLUT5
- BGalactose is reabsorbed from the lumen of the jejunum by GLUT4.
- CActivity of intestinal lactase is high at birth and declines with age.
- DBoth sucrase and lactase are secreted by exocrine pancreas of young mammals
107Which saccharides are absorbed from the lumen of the gastrointestinal system by SGLT1?
- AGlucose
- BPentose
- CMaltotriose
- DInulin
- ECellulose
- FLeucine
- GGalactose
- HFructose
108Identify right statements concerning the effect of food ingestion on metabolism
- AGastrointestinal motility, digestive action, and hepatic metabolism are responsible for specific dynamic action of food
- BMalnutrition produces negative effects on BMR
- CSDA is related to physical exercise during or just before measurement of metabolism
- DSDA is related to high environmental temperature
109Identify proper statements concerning insulin
- ASecretion of insulin is increased in effect of paracrine action of somatostatin
- BIt induces intracellular synthesis of proteins and inhibits their breakdown (in cells possessing GLUT4)
- CIt inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
- DIt activates lipolysis in adipocytes
110Which of following statements concerning shivering thermogenesis are right
- AIt occurs in all types of muscle cells
- BIt does not occur in diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
- CIt is performed by so-called brown fat
- DIt depends on the influence of reticular formation on gamma motor-neurons
111Assess BMR of a 12 y.o. boy (height 144 cm; weight 25 kg) who utilized 2,6 L of oxygen within 15 minutes (the experiment is performed at the sea altitude; all criteria for the assessment of BMR were fulfilled)
- AIt equals approximately 45 kcal/m2/h and it might suggest hyperthyroidism
- BIt equals approximately 1200 kcal/24h and it is normal for such a huma
- CSuch an oxygen consumption can occur after ingestion of a meal very rich in protein
- DIt might suggest hypothyroidism of this boy
- EIt equals approximately 50 kcal/m2/h and it is proper for this boy's age
11225 y.o. male student was tested on Spiroergometry. In the 6th minute of the exercise: 02 consumption was 3, 5 L/min, CO2 removal was 3,8 L/min. Find right sentences concerning state of the tested student
- AHis RQ >1, 0.
- BHis RQ <1, 0.
- CMost of the energy liberated in the last minute of the exercise originates from fatty acids, probable heart rate is 140/min
- DStudent performs submaximal exercise. Such intensity of activity can continue for another 60 minute
- ESome part of energy liberated originates from anaerobic processes. Metabolic acidosis is observed.
- FMost of the energy is liberated from metabolism of glucose. Plasma level of bicarbonates rises preventing metabolic acidosis
113Assess BMR of the 25 y.o. tall male student (BSA = 2 m2) whose resting oxygen consumption equals 2 L per 5 minutes
- ABMR is excessive
- BBMR is normal
- CBMR is improperly low
- Dcalculation of BMR is not possible
114Which statements concerning respiratory quotient (RQ) are NOT true?
- AAverage value of RQ for glucose is 1.0
- BRQ is the ratio of the steady state of the volume of 02 consumed to the volume of CO2 produced per unit of time
- CAverage value of RQ for resting human body metabolism equals 0.82
- DAverage value of RQ of fat is 1.0
115Which of following statements concerning thyroglobulin are right
- AIt is synthesized by interstitial cells and then secreted into the lumen of thyroid vesicles in process of facilitated diffusion
- BIt is synthesized by thyroid cells and then secreted into the lumen of thyroid vesicles in the process of exocytosis
- CIt is made of tyrosine mostly. They are iodinated and then incorporated into the thyroglobulin molecule
- DBinding of iodine to tyrosine and condensation of iodinated tyrosine molecules is facilitated by Thyroid peroxidase
- EEnzymatic breakdown of thyroglobulin is performed by endopeptidase in the vascular system of the Thyroid gland
116TPO thyroid peroxidase plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Its activities are:
- ADeiodination of tyrosine residues
- BIodination of the thyroglobulin
- CIodine pump (iodine trapping)
- DEndocytosis and proteolysis of colloid fluid
- EOxidation of iodide to iodine in the apical membrane of the follicular cell (thyroid cell)
- FCondensation of DIT and MIT
117Identify right sentences concerning thyroid hormones:
- ABinding of the complex T3-receptor to TRE (thyroid response element) increases synthesis of mitochondrial UCPs (uncoupling proteins)
- BDeiodination occurs in the thyroid gland as well as in numerous other tissues
- CT3 increases synthesis of the β-adrenergic receptor in cardiomyocytes
- DMost of thyroid hormone molecules produced by the thyroid gland are molecules of T3
- ET3 decreases G-protein stimulatory/inhibitory ratio
118Reabsorption of the fluid from the proximal tubule affinity
- Alower hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillary
- Blower hydrostatic pressure in interstitial outside capillary
- Chigher colloid pressure of protein in the interstitial space
- Dhigher colloid pressure in the peritubular capillary
119Clearance ?
- Ais volume of urine of the substrate x pr min
- Bconcentration of plasma between the tubular
- Cis volume of plasma cleared of substrate x per min
120Filtration fraction is calculated as follows
- ARPF / Cpa
- BGFR / RPF
- CGFRx / RBF
- DCin / Cpah
121correct sentence
- Ahypoventilation is respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis
- Bhyperventilation is respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis
- Chyperventilation during exercise is reason for metabolic alkalosis
- Din metabolic alkalosis we have HCO3 in urine , if HCO3 in plasma is higher than 26-28 mg/l
122Find endogenous concentration of creatinine when daily diuresis is (v) 1100ml of creatinine in urine (Ux) 1.44 mg/ml concentration of creatinine. In plasma (Px) 10mg/ml. Is it normal?
- A110 mg/ml
- B120 mg/ml
- C130 mg/ml
- D140 mg/ml
- ENormal
- FToo low
- GToo high
123Find acid base blood parameters: pH= 7.26 pCO2=31 HCO3=19mmol
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
- Euncompensated
- Fpartially compensated
- Gfully compensated
124Find acid base blood parameters: pH= 7.26 pCO2=51 HCO3=25mmol
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
- EUncompensated
- FPartially compensated
- GFully compensated
125Which substance increases the permeability of the filtration barrier
- AAngiotensin 2
- BRenin
- CADH
- DANP
126Tubuloglomerular feedback responsible for NaCl concentration of tubular flow of macula densa
- AIncreases the Nacl concentration of tubular flow causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
- BIncreases the Nacl concentration of tubular flow releasing renin from efferent arterioles
- CDecreases the Nacl concentration of tubular flow causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
- DDecreases the Nacl concentration of tubular flow causing release of renin from efferent arterioles
127Specific density (gravity) of urine
- Ais dependent on presence of aldosterone
- Bis dependent on presence of VP
- Cin healthy people increase to 1,035 kg/L
- Ddecrease to 1,025 kg/L
128Find true sentences
- Aclearance of inulin has parameters GFR and RPF
- Bclearance of glucose equals zero
- Cclearance of hematocrit har RBF and RPF
129Which of the statements concerning the renal blood flow is right?
- Aregulated regarding changes of arterial pressure
- Bregulated regarding changes of renal blood flow
- Cautoregulation....... when map is 120-220 mmHg
- DFiltration rate is 10-15% of cardiac output
130Which of the statements concerning proximal tubules are right?
- A98% og glucose is reabsorbed by PCT in secondary active transport SGLT2
- B50% of glucose is reabsorbed by PCT by simple fusion
- Cglucose is reabsorbed from the lumen of PCT by sodium dependent glucose transporter
- DPCT is not permeable to water
131Glomerular filtration depend on
- Asize/diameter of solute
- Bcharge of solution / solute vs -neg charged sialoproteins of capillary bed
- Cshape of solute
- Doncotic pressure of bowman space
132SAR in lungs activate
- Ap- neurons, which activate DRG in medulla
- Binhibit expiration
- Cshorting inspiration
- Dcouch
133Expiration is
- Aalways an active process
- Brelated to increased tone of vagus nerve
- Cinhibited by pneumotaxic center -
- Dproduced by Ir neurons
134Origin of respiration
- ARAR
- BSAR
- CRAS
- DPco2
135ratio FEV1/FVC
- Adecreased in restricted disorders of lung
- Bdecreased in obstructive disorders of lungs
- Cranges 35-65% in healthy humans
136VC- Vital capacity is sum of:
- ATV
- BRV
- CIRV
- DERV
137Functional Residual capacity (FRC) is composed of?
- AIRV
- BTV
- CERV
- DRV
138True statement concerning respiratory muscle
- Aquiet inspiration is performed by diaphragm and external intercostal muscle.
- Bquiet inspiration is performed by diaphragm and internal intercostals muscle
- Cquiet expiration is performed by abdominal and internal intercostals muscle. (by recoil of stretched tissue
- Ddiaphragm is responsible for inspiration of most air
139 find true sentences?
- Abronchi dilates during inspiration and constricts during expiration
- Bbronchodilation is caused by sympathetic discharge
- Cbronchoconstriction is caused by parasympathetic discharge
- DVIP produce bronchodilation
140correct sentences about ventilation perfusion ratio: ?
- Aventilation perfusion in lung at rest is 0,8
- Bventilation perfusion ratio in upper portion is higher at rest then 0.8
- Cventilation perfusion in lower portion is less than 0.8
- Dventilation perfusion in whole lung is equal 2
141The venous shunt? (pulmonary shunt)
- Alung unit without ventilation
- Blung unit without gaseous exchange
- Cin the upper part of the lung-
- Din the lower part of the lung
142FEV 1 (one) is?
- Athe volume of air expired during 1st second of forceful expiration
- Bthe volume of air expired during 1st two second of forceful expiration
- Cshould be higher than 60% of FVC
- Dshould be higher than 20% of FVC
143MAV
- Ais the tubular space of gaseous exchange of air
- Bis the flow rate exhaulted
- Cis the rate of concentration exhaled & inhaled
- Dis higher in men than women
144Anatomical dead space
- AFinishes in the alveolar ducts
- BIs the volume of blood not exchanging gases with alveolar space
- CIs approx. 150 ml.
- DIs the volume of inspired air that is not able to enter alveolar space
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Quiz am Physio cycle 4 part 2, erstellt von Rani Ravnsfjall am 27/09/2021.
- Autor
- Rani Ravnsfjall
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 18
- Bewertung
- Noch keine Bewertungen Bewerte dieses Quiz