Midterm cs8

Question 1

[blank_start]Information[blank_end] – structured, meaningful facts
Word document (.docx)
[blank_start]Data[blank_end] – raw information that must be processed to be useful
Keyboard input
[blank_start]Program[blank_end] – a [blank_start]program[blank_end] is set of computer instructions and related information used for solving a problem

Accepted Answer

Data

Accepted Answer

Information

Accepted Answer

Program

Accepted Answer

program

Question 2

[blank_start]Exceptions[blank_end]  are errors detected during program execution

Accepted Answer

Exceptions

Question 3

[blank_start]Syntax Errors[blank_end] – errors detected when attempting to parse a program (when the interpreter is converting code to instructions)

Accepted Answer

Syntax Errors

Question 4

leaving a logical operation as soon as the result is guaranteed

Accepted Answer

Short Circuiting

Answer

Comparison operators

Question 5

types that store multiple data elements

Accepted Answer

sequences

Answer

lines

Answer

functions

Answer

keywords

Question 6

In dictionaries
A key is an immutable value used to identify a specific value in a map

Answer

true

Question 7

•	‘[blank_start]and[blank_end]’ is decided when the left side evaluates to False ( ‘False and X’ is never True)
•	‘[blank_start]or[blank_end]’ is decided when the left side evaluates to True ( ‘True and X’ is always True)

Accepted Answer

and

Accepted Answer

or

Question 8

•	[blank_start]Files[blank_end] is a named collection of information

Accepted Answer

File

Question 9

•	There are three ways to access a file
•	[blank_start]Read mode[blank_end] – just looking at a file (any number of programs can read data from different parts of the file at the same time)
•	[blank_start]Write mode[blank_end] – change data in the file (only one program can makes changes at any given time)
•	[blank_start]Append mode[blank_end] – append data to the end of the file (only one program can append at a time)

Accepted Answer

Read mode

Accepted Answer

Write mode

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Append mode

Question 10

•	The [blank_start]open()[blank_end] function attempts to open a file and return a [blank_start]file objec[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

open()

Accepted Answer

file object

Question 11

a set of data and associated functions which represent something (similar to how a string works – it stores data and has methods to operate on it)

Accepted Answer

object

Answer

file

Answer

function

Answer

class

Answer

loop

Question 12

•	The [blank_start]write()[blank_end] function writes a string to a file

Accepted Answer

write()

Question 13

•	seek( distance, from)

•	[blank_start]distance[blank_end] – the number of bytes to move (can be negative to move backwards)
•	[blank_start]from[blank_end] – the staring location
[blank_start]0[blank_end] – the beginning of the file
[blank_start]1[blank_end] – the current position
[blank_start]2[blank_end]  the end of the file

Accepted Answer

distance

Accepted Answer

from

Accepted Answer

0

Accepted Answer

1

Accepted Answer

2

Question 14

•	[blank_start]strip( chars )[blank_end] – a string function which removes the characters specified by ‘chars’ from the beginning and end of the string. If no parameter is provided whitespace is removed (spaces, tabs, newlines, etc.)
•	[blank_start]lstrip( chars )[blank_end] – same as strip, but only removes characters from the beginning of the string
•	[blank_start]rstrip( chars )[blank_end] – same as strip, but only removes characters from the end of the string

Accepted Answer

strip (chars)

Accepted Answer

lstrip (chars)

Accepted Answer

rstrip (chars)

Question 15

•	The os module contains many functions
•	We are interested in two specific functions
•	[blank_start]os.remove[blank_end]( filename ) – removes a file with name ‘filename’
[blank_start]os.rename[blank_end]( old_filename, new_filename ) – renames a file with name ‘old_filename’ with the name ‘new_filename’

Accepted Answer

os.remove

Accepted Answer

os.rename

Question 16

collections of Python definitions and statements, similar to a script

Accepted Answer

modules

Answer

scripts

Answer

functions

Answer

classes

Answer

objects

Question 17

•	There are two ways to import modules
1.	[blank_start]import module_name[blank_end]
2.	[blank_start]from[blank_end] module_name [blank_start]import[blank_end] function_name
•	Both methods will make modules available, but accessing the modules will be different depending on which method is used
•	Method 1 requires the [blank_start]module name be used each time[blank_end]
import random
random.randint()
•	Method 2 allows the module name to be omitted, but will overwrite any [blank_start]other functions with the same name[blank_end]
from random import randint
randint()

Accepted Answer

import module_name

Accepted Answer

from

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import

Accepted Answer

module name be used each time

Accepted Answer

other functions with the same name

Question 18

•	__name__ variable will be ‘[blank_start]__main__[blank_end]’ if a script is run as the main program, otherwise it will contain the module name if the file is used as a module

Accepted Answer

__main__

Question 19

•	[blank_start]Attributes[blank_end] are [blank_start]features of objects[blank_end] which can be represented as information. For example, a name is an attribute of a person (all things that are people have a name)
•	[blank_start]Methods[blank_end] are [blank_start]the functions[blank_end] that belong to an object. These generally change the information stored about the object. For example, “breathing” could be a function of a person (which would update the blood-oxygen value, perhaps)

Accepted Answer

Attributes

Accepted Answer

Methods

Accepted Answer

features of objects

Accepted Answer

the functions

Question 20

•	[blank_start]Objects[blank_end] allow programmers to define specific sets of data and functions which are used to represent real world objects
•	A [blank_start]class[blank_end] is a named definition of an object which details the variables and functions associated with it – a class is like a blueprint
•	An [blank_start]instance[blank_end] is a copy of a class which has data values – an instance is like a specific house built from a blueprint

Accepted Answer

Objects

Accepted Answer

class

Accepted Answer

instance

Question 21

•	Use the ‘[blank_start]class[blank_end]’ keyword to declare a class

Accepted Answer

class

Question 22

•	All functions inside a class take a [blank_start]parameter[blank_end] (generally named ‘[blank_start]self[blank_end]’) which will always be the copy of the class on which the function is being called

Accepted Answer

parameter

Accepted Answer

self

Question 23

class Cow:
	name = ‘Betsy’
	def print_name( [blank_start]self[blank_end] ):
		print( [blank_start]self[blank_end].name )
		return

Accepted Answer

self

Accepted Answer

self

Question 24

Creating an Instance
[blank_start]class[blank_end] Cow:
	name = ‘Betsy’
	def print_name( self ):
		print( self.name )
		return
[blank_start]my_pet = Cow()[blank_end]
my_pet.print_name()

Accepted Answer

class

Accepted Answer

my_pet = Cow()

Question 25

•	[blank_start]Variables[blank_end] inside an instance of a class are called [blank_start]instance variables[blank_end] – they are accessed through the ‘self’ parameter passed to functions
•	[blank_start]Instances[blank_end] are created by writing the class name followed by parenthesis – this calls a function named [blank_start]__init__( self, … )[blank_end] which is always called when a new copy of the class is created
•	__init__() is called the [blank_start]constructor function[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

Variables

Accepted Answer

instance variables

Accepted Answer

Instances

Accepted Answer

__init__( self, … )

Accepted Answer

constructor function

Question 26

•	A [blank_start]class[blank_end] is a blueprint for building objects

Accepted Answer

class

Question 27

•	Remember that functions can be called on an object as follows:
	my_car = Car( “Ford” )
	[blank_start]my_car.printModel()[blank_end] # prints ‘Ford’
•	But functions are defined for classes, which is why the ‘self’ variable is used. So we can also access them with another notation:
	[blank_start]Car.printModel( my_car )[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

my_car.printModel()

Accepted Answer

Car.printModel( my_car )

Question 28

•	Subclasses can [blank_start]derive[blank_end] from, or [blank_start]extend[blank_end] a base class

Accepted Answer

derive

Accepted Answer

extend

Question 29

•	When a class derives from a base class it has all the features of the base class and can add more
	class [blank_start]Animal[blank_end]:
		# Has a name
	class Pet( [blank_start]Animal[blank_end] ):
		# Has a name, may also have vaccines

Accepted Answer

Animal

Accepted Answer

Animal

Question 30

•	The [blank_start]base class[blank_end] is the generic class which will be “imported”
•	The [blank_start]derived class[blank_end] is a class which imports another class and provides additional functionality
class derived_class( base_class ):
	# …
class derived_class( base_class1, base_class2, … ):
	# …

Accepted Answer

base class

Accepted Answer

derived class

Question 31

an area in which variable names are grouped (which is important for uniqueness)

Accepted Answer

namespace

Answer

function

Answer

comment

Answer

loop

Question 32

•	A [blank_start]record[blank_end] is a structured collection of information describing a particular piece of information in a program
•	Records have [blank_start]attributes[blank_end] – named pieces of data
•	Example: a banking application
•	Each customer has an ID, a checking account #, a checking account balance, a savings account #, and a savings account balance

Accepted Answer

record

Accepted Answer

attributes

Question 33

Column Delimited Format
•	Very [blank_start]old format[blank_end] – used infrequently today
•	Primarily found in use by [blank_start]legacy[blank_end] systems
•	Records are a [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] size – each attribute gets a fixed amount of space

Accepted Answer

old format

Accepted Answer

legacy

Accepted Answer

fixed

Midterm cs8

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