Tongue

The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] surface of the tongue is [blank_start]loosely[blank_end] attached to the underlying tissue to: 1. [blank_start]Permit free bending[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Mobility[blank_end]

Dorsum of the tongue is also called papillary surface.

The ventral surface is firmly attached while the dorsal surface is loosely attached to the underlying tissue.

The [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] surface of the tongue is modified to form a large number of [blank_start]lingual papillae[blank_end].

What is the main bulk of the of the tongue?

Striated muscle fibers run in 3 directions: [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end], [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] and [blank_start]vertical[blank_end].

[blank_start]Striated[blank_end] muscle fibers of the tongue are [blank_start]embedded in[blank_end] [blank_start]areolar[blank_end] and [blank_start]adipose[blank_end] tissue to allow maximal mobility of the tongue.

Lingual papillae are [blank_start]protrusion[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior 2/3[blank_end] of the [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] surface of the tongue.

Each papilla is covered by [blank_start]stratified squamous epithelium[blank_end] and has a core of [blank_start]CT[blank_end] that may project to [blank_start]indent[blank_end] the [blank_start]epithelium[blank_end] thus forming [blank_start]secondary papillae[blank_end].

What are the four types of lingual papillae: 1. [blank_start]Filiform[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Fungiform[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Circumvallate[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Foliate[blank_end]

What is the most predominant lingual papillae?

Foliate papillae is present in human tongue

Number of circumvallate papillae

[blank_start]Filiform[blank_end] papillae is arranged in rows, parallel to the gustatory line.

Filiform papillae are [blank_start]arranged[blank_end] in [blank_start]rows[blank_end], [blank_start]parallel[blank_end] to the [blank_start]gustatory line[blank_end].

[blank_start]Fungiform[blank_end] papillae are scattered, more on the tip & edges of tongue dorsum.

Fungiform papillae are [blank_start]scattered[blank_end], more on the [blank_start]tip[blank_end] & [blank_start]edges[blank_end] of tongue dorsum.

What is seen as red spots on the tongue

[blank_start]Circumvallate[blank_end] papillae are aligned just infront of the gustatory line.

Circumavallate papillae are [blank_start]aligned[blank_end] just [blank_start]infront[blank_end] of the [blank_start]gustatory line[blank_end].

Foliate papillae are on the [blank_start]lateral sides[blank_end] of the tongue.

[blank_start]Foliate[blank_end] papillae are on the lateral sides of the tongue.

Shape of lingual papillae: 1. Filiform - [blank_start]conical[blank_end] 2. Fungiform - [blank_start]mushroom-shaped[blank_end] 3. Circumvallate - [blank_start]triangular[blank_end] 4. Foliate - [blank_start]rectangular[blank_end]

Where is Von Ebner's glands present?

Filiform papillae have [blank_start]anteroposterior[blank_end] inclination.

Circumvallate papillae have a rounded summit.

Fungiform papillae have [blank_start]rounded[blank_end] summit.

Circumvallate papillae have [blank_start]flattened[blank_end] summit.

Foliate papillae have [blank_start]parallel[blank_end] sides.

Fungiform papillae have [blank_start]highly vascular[blank_end] CT core.

[blank_start]Cirvumvallate[blank_end] papillae project for a short distance above the surface.

All the lingual papillae have short secondary papillae EXCEPT

Foliate papillae have [blank_start]long[blank_end] secondary papillae.

Taste buds are present in all lingual papillae EXCEPT

Taste buds of lingual papillae: 1. Filiform - [blank_start]absent[blank_end] 2. Fungiform - [blank_start]few[blank_end], on the [blank_start]summit[blank_end] 3. Circumvallate - [blank_start]numerous[blank_end], on the [blank_start]side[blank_end] 4. Foliate - [blank_start]numerous[blank_end], on the [blank_start]side[blank_end]

All covering epithelium of lingual papillae is slightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium EXCEPT

Von Ebner's glands are [blank_start]serous[blank_end] glands found in the CT encircling each [blank_start]circumvallate[blank_end] papilla.

Von Ebner's gland ducts open at the [blank_start]bottom[blank_end] of the [blank_start]trenches[blank_end] surrounding [blank_start]circumvallate[blank_end] papillae.

Function of Von Ebner's glands: 1. [blank_start]Dissolve food particles[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Wash away food particles[blank_end] to [blank_start]receive new gustatory stimuli[blank_end]

Taste buds are [blank_start]ovoid[blank_end], [blank_start]non-encapsulated[blank_end] structures found within the [blank_start]epithelium[blank_end] of [blank_start]oral mucosa[blank_end].

Taste buds contain [blank_start]neuroepithelial[blank_end] cells specialized for [blank_start]perception of taste sensation[blank_end].