21898266
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Which part of the neural tube becomes the fore/mid/hind brain? | Anterior neural tube |
| What are the rhombomeres? What do they form? | 8 bulges on neural tube that forms hindbrain |
| What are somatomeres? | 7 segments made of mesoderm |
| What are somites? | Fully segmented somatomeres |
| What does the midbrain/ rhomnomeres 1+2 become? | Face and 1st branchial arch |
| What is the stomatodeum? | Shallow depression in the frontal prominence that is part of the developing face |
| Pharyngeal clefts are located on... and are made of ... | The outside Ectoderm |
| Pharyngeal arches are located on... and are made of ... | The middle Mesenchymal tissue (mesoderm+neural crest) |
| Pharyngeal pouches are located on... and are made of ... | The Inside Endoderm |
| What are the five pharyngeal arches? | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 |
| What are the three things each pharyngeal arch contains? | 1. Nerve 2. Cartilage 3. Artery |
| PA 1 Muscle (mesoderm): Cartilage (neural crest): Nerve: | Muscle: muscles of mastication Cartilage: Meckel's cartilage (becomes malleus/incus) Mandibular, Maxillary Process Nerve: CNV Trigeminal |
| PA 2 (hyoid) Muscle (mesoderm): Cartilage (neural crest): Nerve: | Muscle: Muscles of facial expression Cartilage (neural crest): Stapes, styloid process, stylo-hyoid ligament, lesser horns of hyoid Nerve: CNV11 Facial |
| PA 3 Muscle (mesoderm): Cartilage (neural crest): Nerve: | Muscle: Stylopharyngeus Cartilage: Greater horns of hyoid Nerve: CNIX Glossopharyngeal |
| PA 4 Muscle (mesoderm): Cartilage (neural crest): Nerve: | Muscle: Constrictors of pharynx Cartilage: Cartilages of larynx (eg. thyroid) Nerve: CNX Superior laryngeal |
| PA 6 Muscle (mesoderm): Cartilage (neural crest): Nerve: | Muscle: Intrinsic muscles of larynx Cartilage: Cartilages of larynx Nerve: CNX recurrent laryngeal |
| What fuses to form the upper lip, alveolus, primary palate? | Bilateral maxillary processes fuse with medial nasal process (into intermaxillary process) |
| What does the lateral nasal process fuse to form? | Alar of nose |
| What does the mandibular process form? | Lower lip/jaw |
| When do palatal shelves develop? | Late 7th/8th week |
| What is the primary palate formed by? | Extension of intermaxillary process |
| What is the secondary palate formed by? | Palatine shelves that grow medially from maxillary prominences |
| What is cleft palate caused by? | 1. Palatal shelves fail to fuse during 7-10 week of development 2. Inadequate growth of shelves 3. Secondary rupture after fusion 4. Failure of shelves to elevate above tongue |
| What are 1st Pharyngeal Arch abnormalities? | 1. Treacher-Collins syndrome - underdeveloped facial bones, small lower jaw 2. Acro-facial dysostosis - no angle between neck and chin, prominent forehead 3. Hemifacial microsomia - affects half the face and derivatives from 1st/2nd PA |
| Pharyngeal Cleft 1 | external auditory tube |
| Remnants of Pharyngeal Cleft can lead to | Cysts |
| Pharyngeal Pouch 1 | Auditory tube/middle ear cavity |
| Pharyngeal Pouch 2 | Crypts of palatine tonsil |
| Pharyngeal Pouch 3 | Dorsal forms inferior parathyroid glands Ventral forms thymus |
| Pharyngeal Pouch 4 | Dorsal/superior forms superior parathyroid glands |
| Pharyngeal Pouch 5 (aka ventral part of pouch 4) | Ultimobrachial body - forms the parafollicular cells |
| What are the two mesodermal origins of the tongue muscles? | Lower pharyngeal arches Hypoglossal cord |
| Ankyloglossia is when | Tongue tied to bottom of oral cavity |
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