Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is NOT indicative of accelerated red cell destruction?
Antworten
-
decreased RBC, Hgb, Hct
-
increased unconjugated bilirubin, increased LDH
-
increase hemopexin
-
erythoid hyperplasia
-
URINE: increased urobilinogen, free hemoglobin, methemoglobin, hemosiderin
Frage 2
Frage
Which feature is present in BOTH intra- and extravascular hemolysis?
Frage 3
Frage
Select all that apply for INTRAVASCULAR hemolysis:
Frage 4
Frage
Select all that apply for EXTRAVASCULAR hemolysis:
Antworten
-
IgG antibodies
-
presence of gall stones
-
splenomegaly
-
spherocytes
-
fragments
Frage 5
Frage
Normal adult hemoglobin consists of:
95% - 100% HbA
0% - 2% HbF
0% - 3.5% HbA2
Frage 6
Frage
Sickle Solubility screening test is a qualitative screening test that dectects the presence of sickling hemoglobins mainly HbA.
Frage 7
Frage
What are the components of an alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis?
Antworten
-
EDTA-borate buffer and cellulose acetate gel
-
pH 10.1
-
enzymatic reactions that move from cathode to anode
-
able to separate HbC from HbE
Frage 8
Frage
Alkaline electrophoresis runs SDG and CEOA2 together.
Frage 9
Frage
What techniques can be used to separate hemoglobin?
Antworten
-
HbA2 ion exchange chromatography
-
HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography
-
IEF: Isoelectric Focusing
-
Capillary Electrophoresis
-
Globin Chain Electrophoresis
-
All of the above
Frage 10
Frage
A positively charges cellulose attracts a negatively charged hemoglobin molecule. Which separation technique does this describe?
Frage 11
Frage
During HbA2 Column Chromatography, A2 is eluted as the 3mL glycine reagent and the absorbance of the A2 fraction and total hemoglobin are measured to determine the %HbA2.
Frage 12
Frage
Which hemoglobin fractions is HPLC able to detect and distinguish?
Frage 13
Frage
Which hemoglobin separation technique separates fractions based on the difference in charge to size ratio through an electric field?
Frage 14
Frage
An increase in HbA2 is associated with which condition?
Antworten
-
IDA
-
Beta-Thal Major
-
Alpha-Thal Minor
-
Beta-Thal Minor
-
Megaloblastic Anemia
Frage 15
Frage
The principle behind the Kleihauer-Betke Acid Elution test is eluting HbF out of the solution, making the cells colourless, while HbA are resistant to elution and will stain pink.
Frage 16
Frage
Which clinical condition is screened for using the sucrose hemolysis test?
Antworten
-
Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH)
-
Paroxymal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
-
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
-
Filariasis
Frage 17
Frage
Less than 5% hemolysis indicates that RBCs of PNH are more sensitive to complement on their cell surface.
Frage 18
Frage
HAM test for PNH is based on:
Antworten
-
acidified serum
-
neutral serum
-
alkaline serum
Frage 19
Frage
Which of the following interpretations matches G6PD deficiency screening test?
Antworten
-
persistant fluorescence
-
weak or no fluorescence
-
NADPH not produced
-
NAD produced
Frage 20
Frage
The amount of NAD produced is proportional to the amount of PK in patient cells
Frage 21
Frage
What stain is required to see Heinz bodies?
Antworten
-
Gram stain
-
Wright stain
-
Supravital stain
-
Eosin stain
Frage 22
Frage
Cells that are osmotically fragile will start to lyse at:
Frage 23
Frage
Which of the following is not included in the major hemostatic system?
Antworten
-
Vascular System
-
Platelet Activity
-
Coagulation System
-
Fibrinolytic System
-
Thrombin System
-
Regulatory System
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following is an example of an anticoagulant?
Frage 25
Frage
What is needed for platelets to adhere to the sub-endothelium?
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following is true about thromboxane A2?
Frage 27
Frage
Which platelet membrane binding site is associated with aggregation?
Antworten
-
GPIb/IX
-
GPIIb/IIIa
-
vWF Ag
-
Collagen binding site
-
FVIII Ag
Frage 28
Frage
Which of the following is not a primary hemostasis disorder?
Frage 29
Frage
Reduced aggregation with Ristocetin is associated with vWD and BSS.
Frage 30
Frage
Which condition is present if a patient has vWF, but lacks the receptor site on the platelet for it?
Frage 31
Frage
What is the condition called if the platelets lack the receptor fibrinogen?
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following does not contribute to clot formation?
Antworten
-
Tissue factor
-
Calcium
-
Heparin
-
Phospholipid
-
Thrombin
Frage 33
Frage
Which of the following does thrombin not have an effect on?
Antworten
-
FXI activation
-
FVIII activation
-
FXIII activation
-
Fibrinogen --> Fibrin
-
FVII activation
Frage 34
Frage
Which of the following factors is not Vitamin K dependent?
Frage 35
Frage
Select all that are TRUE:
Antworten
-
both VIII:C and VIII:Ag are deficient in hemophilia
-
FVIII is released from vWF by prothrombin
-
FVIII is labile and degrades rapidly when unbound from vWF
-
FVIII is synthesized in the liver
Frage 36
Frage
vWF is synthesized by:
Antworten
-
the liver
-
endothelial cells
-
plasma cells
-
Vitamin K
-
bone marrow
Frage 37
Frage
vWD is associated with a deficiency in:
Antworten
-
vWF:Rco
-
vWF:Ag
-
vWF:VIII
-
A and B
-
B and C
Frage 38
Frage
A decreased concentration of fibrinogen leads to bleeding disorders.
Frage 39
Frage
A congenital deficiency in fibrinogen will result in:
Antworten
-
Prolonged PT
-
Normal aPTT
-
Normal TT
-
Prolonged aPTT
-
Prolonged TT
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the Hemophilia conditions is most rare?
Antworten
-
Hemophilia A (FVIII Deficiency)
-
Hemophilia B (FIX Deficiency)
-
Hemophilia C (FXI Deficiency)
Frage 41
Frage
Which of the following is not a coagulation regulator?
Antworten
-
Protein C
-
Thrombin
-
TFPI
-
Plasmin
Frage 42
Frage
Which of the following regarding Protein C and Protein S is incorrect?
Antworten
-
activated by thrombin generation by binging to thrombomodulin on endothelial cells
-
inactivates activated V and VIII
-
main regulatory system
-
plasminogen converted Protein C to APC
Frage 43
Frage
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor only affects the extrinsic pathway.
Frage 44
Frage
What cofactor does Antithrombin III (AT) need to effectively inhibit IXa, Xa, IIa, and XIa?
Antworten
-
Warfarin
-
Ca2+
-
Heparin
-
Plasmin
-
vWF
Frage 45
Frage
Why is fibrinogen important?
Frage 46
Frage
Which of the following are components of the fibrinolytic system?
Frage 47
Frage
Thrombocytopenia can be a result of:
Frage 48
Frage
Thrombosis refers to:
Antworten
-
Formation of a blood clot following an injury to a blood vessel
-
Formation of a blood clot inside an intact blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood
-
Formation of a blood clot that is easily solubilized
-
A portion of a larger clot that breaks free
Frage 49
Frage
Which of the following would cause a clotting disorder?
Antworten
-
Protein C deficiency
-
vWD
-
Factor Deficiency
-
Hemophilia A or B
Frage 50
Frage
Where do the majority of pulmonary emboli originate from?
Antworten
-
thrombi in arm
-
thrombi in abdomen
-
thrombi in deep leg
-
thrombi in kidney
Frage 51
Frage
Strokes results from the acute blockage of arterial blood flow in which artery?
Antworten
-
Pulmonary artery
-
Coronary artery
-
Corotid artery
-
Hepatic artery
Frage 52
Frage
Which of the following will affect platelet adhesion?
Frage 53
Frage
Which of the following regarding Lupus Anticoagulant is true?
Antworten
-
causes neutralization of phospholipid reagent in vitro
-
miscarriages are common in SLE
-
LA acts as an antibody to platelet
-
women are more commonly affected
-
followup tests include DRVVT
Frage 54
Frage
Which of the following regarding DIC is false?
Antworten
-
begins with excessive clotting stimulated by a substance that enters the blood
-
results in both excessive clotting and excessive bleeding
-
fibrin degradation products are generated
-
DIC is not a systemic problem, localized to specific area
-
plasminogen is consumed as it is converted into plasmin
Frage 55
Frage
Identify the correct lab results for DIC:
Antworten
-
increased platelets
-
schistocytes
-
PT and aPTT prolonged
-
D-dimer increased
-
Bleeding Time prolonged
-
Fibrinogen increased
Frage 56
Frage
D-dimer has a negative predicative value for DIC because:
Antworten
-
D-dimer measures split products formed after formation of fibrin clot, but is not specific for DIC
-
Usually present in chronic conditions
-
high levels of FDPs are specific for DIC
-
none of the above
Frage 57
Frage
Which of the following tests is normal in a patient with vWD?
Antworten
-
Bleeding Time
-
aPTT
-
Platelet count
-
PT
Frage 58
Frage
Congenital deficiencies of which proteins will cause thrombosis?
Frage 59
Frage
How is antithrombin deficiency acquired?
Frage 60
Frage
Protein C and Protein S are Vitamin K independent.
Frage 61
Frage
If APC is added, aPTT is prolonged due to inhibition of coagulation.
Frage 62
Frage
Which is the most common inherited cause of thrombosis?
Frage 63
Frage
Prothrombin nucleotide 20210 is:
Antworten
-
A deletion in the gene sequence
-
A single adenine to guanine mutation at position 20210
-
A single guanine to adenine mutation at position 20210
-
A nonsense codon in the sequence
Frage 64
Frage
FXII deficiency can lead to a bleeding disorder.
Frage 65
Frage
An increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 will result in
Frage 66
Frage
In a mixing study, a prolonged aPTT is corrected with FVIII deficient plasma, but not with FIX deficient plasma. What is the deficiency due to?
Antworten
-
FVIII
-
FIX
-
Heparin therapy
-
Coumadin therapy
Frage 67
Frage
A short-filled sodium citrate tube will have what effect on coagulation results?
Antworten
-
Normal
-
Prolonged for both
-
Only affects PT
-
Only affects aPTT
Frage 68
Frage
Platelet poor plasma is required for which studies?
Antworten
-
Coagulation studies
-
Aggregation studies
-
Adhesion studies
-
Fibrinogen studies
Frage 69
Frage
Which factors would be used up in a clotted specimen?
Antworten
-
FI
-
FII
-
FV
-
FVII
-
FVIII
-
FXI
-
FXIII
Frage 70
Frage
Plasma adsorbed with barium sulphate will remove which group of factors?
Antworten
-
Fibrinogen group factors (I, V, VIII, XIII)
-
Vitamin K dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X)
-
Contact Group Factor (XII, Pre-K, HMWK)
-
TF complex (VII, TF)
Frage 71
Frage
What is needed to initiate the intrinsic pathway in vitro?
Antworten
-
Kaolin
-
Tissue factor
-
Phospholipid
-
Calcium
-
Thromboplastin
Frage 72
Frage
INR is used to monitor heparin therapy.
Frage 73
Frage
Select all that are true for aPTT:
Antworten
-
monitors Coumadin therapy
-
screens for defects in the intrinsic and common pathways
-
requires a source of phospholipid
-
required to calculate INR
-
Kaolin is an example of a negatively charged surface needed to activate cascade
Frage 74
Frage
A mixing studies was performed on a sample and was corrected. To determine if the correction was a result of a factor deficiency or factor antibody, another mixing studies was performed and incubated. The mixing studies results were corrected. This suggests the presence of a factor antibody. Is this interpretation correct?
Frage 75
Frage
The euglobulin lysis time tests how long it takes for the sample to clot.
Frage 76
Frage
Which of the following can prolong thrombin time, which looks at how long it takes a sample to clot.
Antworten
-
Warfarin
-
Heparin
-
FDPs
-
Tissue factor
Frage 77
Frage
Clot formation time is proportional to the concentration of fibrinogen in the sample plasma.
Frage 78
Frage
The Clauss method of fibrinogen assay involves
Frage 79
Frage
5M Urea Test involves removing a clot and placing it in 5M urea and incubating it. Which of the following result interpretations are valid?
Antworten
-
If FII levels are normal, the clot will not dissolve in 24 hours
-
If FXIII is deficient, the clot will not dissolves in 24 hours.
-
If FXIII is normal, the clot will dissolve in 24 hours.
-
If FXIII is deficient, the clot will dissolve in 24 hours.
Frage 80
Frage
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) monitors
Frage 81
Frage
In a plasma sample with APCr, we expect that
Antworten
-
Protein C is able to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
-
AT is able to inactivate FVa and FVIIIa
-
Protein C is unable to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
-
AT is unable to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
Frage 82
Antworten
-
tests for FXIII deficiency
-
compares fibrinogen deficiency and heparin contamination
-
tests for factor antibody (eg. LA)
-
is inhibited by antithrombin
Frage 83
Frage
Select all that apply to the DRVVT for LA:
Antworten
-
venom is a potent activator for FX
-
LA binds to phospholipid, inhibiting RVV
-
RVV is affected by deficiency in factors XII, XI, IX, or VIII
-
LA confirmed if DRVVT is corrected in excess phospholipid
Frage 84
Frage
PT 20s, aPTT 50s, TT 25s
What is the most probably diagnosis?
Antworten
-
FVII Deficiency
-
FVIII Deficiency
-
FX Deficiency
-
Hypofibrinogenemia
Frage 85
Frage
Which coagulation test(s) would be abnormal in a vitamin K-dependent patient?
Antworten
-
PT only
-
aPTT only
-
Both PT and aPTT
-
Fibrinogen level
-
Thrombin time
Frage 86
Frage
Which of the following is an anticoagulant therapy treatment options?
Antworten
-
Dabigatran
-
Heparin
-
Anti-platelet (ASA)
-
Warfarin
-
All of the above
Frage 87
Frage
How does Warfarin (Coumadin) act as a Vitamin K antagonist?
Frage 88
Frage
Which factor monitored by Warfarin therapy has the shortest half-life?
Frage 89
Frage
If INR low, patient is at risk of bleeding.
Frage 90
Frage
Which of the following can reduce the effect of Warfarin therapy?
Antworten
-
Drugs that interfere with Warfarin
-
Increased Vitamin K in diet
-
Taking Warfarin pill at different times every day (not at the same time each day)
-
All of the above
Frage 91
Frage
Which of the following anti-clotting substances acts on factors V and VIII?
Antworten
-
Antithrombin III
-
Protein C
-
TFPI
-
Plasmin
-
tPA
Frage 92
Frage
Which of the following is a cofactor?
Frage 93
Frage
Heparin activates antithrombin to neutralize serine proteases activated by thrombin.
Frage 94
Frage
How is Unfractionated Heparin administered?
Antworten
-
Subcutaneously
-
Intravenously
-
Superficially
-
Orally
Frage 95
Frage
How is a heparin overdose treated?
Antworten
-
Warfarin
-
Vitamin K
-
Dialysis
-
Protamine sulfate
Frage 96
Frage
What side affect may arise as a result of long-term Heparin use?
Antworten
-
Dyspnea
-
Photophobia
-
Osteoporosis
-
Hypotension
Frage 97
Frage
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) has minimal affect on FIIa activity because it is too short to properly bind IIa.
Frage 98
Antworten
-
natural drug - pentasaccharide
-
inactivates thrombin by combining with antithrombin
-
intravenous administration
-
requires lab monitoring
Frage 99
Frage
Which of the following are requires for coagulation in aPTT?
Antworten
-
Plasma + phospholipid + calcium
-
Plasma + thromboplastin + calcium
-
Plasma + phospholipid + thromboplastin
-
Plasma + thrombin + calcium
Frage 100
Frage
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Antworten
-
TTP
-
Hemophilia A
-
vWD
-
Factor V Leiden
Frage 101
Frage
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia:
Frage 102
Frage
Which of the following should be avoided when treating HIT?
Antworten
-
Streptokinase
-
Urokinase
-
LMWH
-
Hirudin
Frage 103
Frage
Patients with which of the following diseases may have a normal PTT?
Antworten
-
vWD
-
Hemophilia A
-
HIT
-
Factor V Leiden
Frage 104
Frage
Which of the following does not directly inhibit FXa?
Antworten
-
Apixaban
-
Dabigatran
-
Riveroxaban
-
Edoxaban
Frage 105
Frage
Which direct thrombin inhibitor is not primarily used to treat HIT?
Antworten
-
Dabigatran
-
Argatroban
-
Bivalirudin
-
Lepirudin
Frage 106
Frage
Which of the following are advantages of using Dabigatran?
Antworten
-
no food interactions (eg. with Vitamin K)
-
no need for routine monitoring
-
reversal of bleeding with charcoal
-
none of the above
-
all of the above
Frage 107
Frage
Which of the following is false regarding direct FXa inhibitors?
Antworten
-
requires routine monitoring
-
does not need antithrombin
-
used for the prevention of thrombosis and venous thromboembolism
-
all of the above are true
Frage 108
Frage
How does Aspirin inhibit platelets from aggregating?
Antworten
-
Inhibits thrombin
-
Inhibits fibrinogen
-
Inhibits alpha granules
-
Inhibits Thromboxane A2
Frage 109
Frage
Which condition may thrombolytic therapy be used for?
Frage 110
Frage
Which of the following is a "clot buster drug"?
Antworten
-
Streptokinase
-
tPA
-
Urokinase
-
Thrombin Inhibitors
Frage 111
Frage
Which of the following is not a thrombolytic therapy?