11909635
Frage 1
Frage
indicate the correct statements
Antworten
-
gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
-
severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
-
gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
-
inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis
Frage 2
Frage
the gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
Antworten
-
Chronic pericarditis
-
fibrinous myocarditis
-
fibrinous pericarditis
-
acute pericarditis
Frage 3
Frage
which are the cells that inflitrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
Antworten
-
lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
basophiles
-
neutrophils
-
giant multinucleated cells
Frage 4
Frage
what is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis
Antworten
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
-
yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
-
clear cerebro-spinal fluid
Frage 5
Frage
hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
Antworten
-
the brain
-
the heart
-
the spleen
-
the liver
Frage 6
Frage
which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
Antworten
-
brain
-
liver
-
lung
-
kidney
Frage 7
Frage
the following description indicates: focal aggregates in the form of the nodules of the cells with phagocytic ability. the diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
Antworten
-
granulomas
-
metastases
-
polyps
-
granulation tissue
Frage 8
Frage
what type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
Antworten
-
caseous necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
fibrinoid necrosis
Frage 9
Frage
what of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
Antworten
-
giant cells type Langhans
-
epitheloid cells
-
tuton giant cells
-
lymphocytes
Frage 10
Frage
The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
Antworten
-
macrophages
-
epitheloid cells
-
lymphocytes
-
Monocytes
Frage 11
Frage
which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
Antworten
-
Tuton giant cells
-
foreign body giant cells
-
Langhans giant cells
-
none of the above
Frage 12
Frage
in which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
Antworten
-
first
-
second
-
third
-
they develop in all stages
Frage 13
Frage
what type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas
Antworten
-
clay-like
-
caseus
-
liquefactive
-
coagulative
Frage 14
Frage
what type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
Antworten
-
caseous
-
coagulative
-
liquefactive
-
gummous
Frage 15
Frage
mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
Antworten
-
has three stages of development
-
has cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms
-
grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
-
grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
Frage 16
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibers, shaumann bodies
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
Rheumatism
-
syphilis
Frage 17
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma: gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, firbroblasts.
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
rheumatism
-
syphilis
Frage 18
Frage
the Sulfur granule is characteristic for:
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
felinosis
-
actinomycosis
-
leprosy
Frage 19
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
syphilis
-
rheumatism
Frage 20
Frage
what histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Antworten
-
unchanged
-
infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
fibrosis
-
formation of lymph follicles
Frage 21
Frage
the histological changes in hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
Antworten
-
entire thyroid gland
-
markedly focal
Frage 22
Frage
The thyroid follicles Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
Antworten
-
unchanged
-
dilated
-
polymorphous
-
smaller
Frage 23
Frage
what is hyper-granulation?
Antworten
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Frage 24
Frage
what is a scar?
Antworten
-
hypertrophic granulation tissue
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
none of the above
Frage 25
Frage
what is a keloid?
Antworten
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
mature connective tissue
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Frage 26
Frage
which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
Antworten
-
Van Gieson
-
Perls
-
Congo Red
-
PAS
Frage 27
Frage
which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
Antworten
-
firbrinoid necrosis
-
epitheloid cells
-
Langhans cells
-
lymphocytes
Frage 28
Frage
Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
Antworten
-
it is an automimmune disease
-
it affects mostly the elastic arteries
-
there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu
-
the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
Frage 29
Frage
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Antworten
-
hemolytic anemia
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
allergic rhinitis
-
bronchial asthma
Frage 30
Frage
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Antworten
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
allergic rhinitis
-
nodasal polyarteriitis
Frage 31
Frage
Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Antworten
-
polyartheriitis nodosa
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
tuberculosis
Frage 32
Frage
Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
polyarteriitis nodosa
-
bronchial asthma
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Frage 33
Frage
Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
Antworten
-
by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
-
with blood (hematogenic metastases)
-
by cerebrospinal fluid
-
none of the above
Frage 34
Frage
what is papilloma?
Antworten
-
malignant tumor of the covering epithelium
-
benign tumor of glandular epithelium
-
benign tumor of cover type epithelium
-
benign soft tissue tumor
Frage 35
Frage
Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for Papilloma
Antworten
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
-
stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh
-
it doesnt have a capsule
Frage 36
Frage
what is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
Antworten
-
adenocarcinoma
-
Papilloma
-
Carcinoma
-
Sarcoma
Frage 37
Frage
what is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin
Antworten
-
adenocarcinoma
-
adenoma
-
Carcinoma
-
Carcino-adenoma
Frage 38
Frage
what is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Antworten
-
Papilloma
-
Adenoma
-
teratoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Frage 39
Frage
point the correct statements(s) about basal cell carcinoma
Antworten
-
it develops only on the skin
-
it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
-
very often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery
Frage 40
Frage
Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma:
Antworten
-
develops only on the skin
-
can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
is highly undifferentiated malignant tumor
-
is a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production
Frage 41
Frage
what kind of structures are the cancer pearls?
Antworten
-
accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
-
pink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
Frage 42
Frage
the gross appearance of which tumor is called "ulcus rodens"
Antworten
-
squamous cell carcinoma
-
melanoma
-
basal cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Frage 43
Frage
squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
Antworten
-
acute bronchitis
-
chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
-
bronchial asthma
-
inhalation of a foreign body
Frage 44
Frage
papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from:
Antworten
-
squamous epithelium
-
transitional epithelium
-
glandular epithelium
-
smooth musculature
Frage 45
Frage
what is carcinoma in situ?
Antworten
-
malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
-
malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
-
benign tumor limited to the basal membrane
-
benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
Frage 46
Frage
which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
Antworten
-
Congo red
-
Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
-
PAS reaction with amylase control
-
Van Gieson
Frage 47
Frage
Pericanalicular and intracanalicular types of:
Antworten
-
ductal carcinoma of the breast
-
Paget's disease
-
renal cell carcinoma
-
fibroadenoma
Frage 48
Frage
Kruckenberg tumors are:
Antworten
-
metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
Frage 49
Frage
Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly:
Antworten
-
in the parotid gland
-
in the minor salivary glands
-
in the stomach
-
in thyroid gland
Frage 50
Frage
indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
Antworten
-
Capsulated and lobulated tumor
-
non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
-
microscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular
-
seen in older women
Frage 51
Frage
Mark the correct statements about papillary cystadenoma of the ovary:
Antworten
-
malignant tumor
-
has cyst-like and papillary structures
-
histological characteristics include serous and mucinous types
-
its is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle
Frage 52
Frage
'Linitis plastica' is a gross subtype of:
Antworten
-
gastric cancer
-
pancreatic cancer
-
breast cancer
-
Uterine Cancer
Frage 53
Frage
Grossly adenocarcinoma of colon can be:
Antworten
-
polypoid
-
Ulcerous
-
nodular
-
all of the listed above
Frage 54
Frage
the terms "early cancer" and "advanced cancer" are used for:
Antworten
-
gastric adenocarcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
-
adenocarcinoma of the colon
-
breast cancer
Frage 55
Frage
what Kind of Sarcoma could be seen an immune deficiency?
Antworten
-
Kaposi Sarcoma
-
Ewing sarcoma
-
Rhabdomysarcoma
-
chondrosarcoma
Frage 56
Frage
which of the following sarcomas have the worst prognosis?
Antworten
-
liposarcoma
-
osteosarcoma
-
fibrosarcoma
-
leiomyosarcoma
Frage 57
Frage
what staining can be used to distinguish leiomyoma uteri from fibroma?
Antworten
-
Congo red
-
perls
-
PAS reaction with PAS control
-
Van Gieson
Frage 58
Frage
Point the characteristics of the leeiomyosarcoma
Antworten
-
polymorphism of cells and nuclei
-
hyper- and polychromasia of nuclei
-
typical mytoses
-
monster cells
Frage 59
Frage
what is hybernoma?
Antworten
-
benign tumor of vascular origin
-
benign tumor originating from brown fat tissue
-
benign tumor originating from striated muscle
-
malignant tumor originating from pigment tissue
Frage 60
Frage
what are the signs of the atypia in a nevus?
Antworten
-
asymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders
-
dark color, irregular color of the lesion
-
diameter less than 5mm
-
regular borders
Frage 61
Frage
how should a biopsy be done if there is a suspicion for the melanoma?
Antworten
-
incision biopsy
-
Punch biopsy
-
excision biopsy
-
brush biopsy
Frage 62
Frage
point the most common localizations of the teratomas
Antworten
-
ovaries, testis
-
extremities
-
retroperitoneum
-
mediastinum
Frage 63
Frage
which of the following are organoid teratomas:
Antworten
-
nephroblastoma
-
cholesteatoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
branchiogenic cyst
Frage 64
Frage
which of the following is organismoid teratoma?
Antworten
-
epidermoid cyst
-
teratocarcinoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
nephroblastoma
Frage 65
Frage
what is nevus pigmentosus?
Antworten
-
tumor-like process
-
tumor process
-
microscopically it contains mature melanocytes
-
microscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin
Frage 66
Frage
what is melanoma?
Antworten
-
malignant congenital tumor
-
benign tumor composed of melanocytes
-
malignant tumor of pigment origin
-
none of the above
Frage 67
Frage
what is an achromatic melanoma
Antworten
-
benign form of melanoma
-
melanoma without melanin in the tumor cells
-
type of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests
-
melanoma which is more differentiated
Frage 68
Frage
point possible localisations of the nevus pigmentosus and melanoma
Antworten
-
skin
-
Uvea
-
meninges
-
all of the above
Frage 69
Frage
lentigo maligna, nodular, superficial, acral lentigenous are gross forms of:
Antworten
-
melanoma
-
squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
-
basal cell carcinoma of the skin
-
nevus pigmentosus
Frage 70
Frage
indicate immunohistochemical stains to prove melanoma
Antworten
-
HMB-45
-
ca-125
-
S-100
-
cytokeratin
Frage 71
Frage
which of the following tumors do not have a stroma
Antworten
-
choriocarcinoma
-
seminoma
-
nephroblastoma
-
neuroblastoma
Frage 72
Frage
indicate types of nevus pigmentosus
Antworten
-
acquired and congenital
-
junctional, compound, intradermal
-
benign and malignant nevus
-
ectodermal and endodermal nevus
Frage 73
Frage
squamous cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in:
Antworten
-
stomach
-
skin
-
bladder
-
larynx
Frage 74
Frage
the term 'pathognomonic change' means:
Antworten
-
unexplained change
-
paradoxical change
-
sufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion
-
diffuse inflammatory change
Frage 75
Frage
which type of bleeding occur in the digestive system?
Antworten
-
hemothorax
-
hemoptysis
-
melena
-
hematemesis
Frage 76
Frage
left ventricular hypertrophy can develop in:
Antworten
-
cor pulmonale
-
systemic hypertension
-
mitral stenosis
-
aortic stenosis
Frage 77
Frage
cancer cells which show no resemblance to the tissue from which the tumor originates are called:
Antworten
-
undifferentiated carcinoma
-
well-differentiated carcinoma
-
scirrhous type carcinoma
-
histioid cancer
Frage 78
Frage
which of the following is correct for the mechanical jaundice?
Antworten
-
indirect bilirubin prevails in blood
-
elevated urine urobilinogen
-
elevated urine bilirubin
-
stools are hyperpigmented
Frage 79
Frage
Basal cell carcinoma is localised most frequently on:
Antworten
-
the skin of the forearm
-
the skin of the lower limbs
-
the skin on the palms
-
skin of the face
Frage 80
Frage
Bilaterally, on the skin of the eyelids of a young woman are seen yellow nodules with the size of a grain of rice. what is it?
Antworten
-
xanthelasma
-
nevus
-
ephelides
-
hemosiderin deposition
Frage 81
Frage
how do we call the local depigmentation of the skin
Antworten
-
vitiligo
-
hemosiderosis
-
albinism
-
ohronosis
Frage 82
Frage
which of the following is correct for mechanical jaundice:
Antworten
-
it is parenchyma jaundice
-
there is posthepatic occlusion
-
direct bilirubin is increased
-
it is also called hemolytic jaundice
Frage 83
Frage
"Mutilation" means:
Antworten
-
form of biological mutation
-
pendulum movement of the blood
-
zonal hair loss
-
self amputation of the phalanges
Frage 84
Frage
in the bronchi and nasal cavity may develop squamous cell carcinoma based on:
Antworten
-
hypoplasia
-
histological accomodation
-
anaplasia
-
metaplasia
Frage 85
Frage
state which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:
Antworten
-
like a "bowl"
-
like a "cauliflower"
-
round non healing ulcers on the face
-
very dense knot int he face
Frage 86
Frage
the most common localisation of lymphangioma is:
Antworten
-
the face
-
in sella turcica
-
on the phalanges of the toes
-
lips, tongue
Frage 87
Frage
presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:
Antworten
-
reactive inflammation
-
morphological anaplasia
-
stromal reaction
-
sinus histiocytosis
Frage 88
Frage
Carcinoids are:
Antworten
-
tumor-like process
-
benign tumors
-
malignant tumors
-
hyperplastic process
Frage 89
Frage
how does carcinoma in situ metastasize?
Antworten
-
by the lymph flow
-
perineural
-
by the blood flow
-
does not metastasize
Frage 90
Frage
the most frequent localisation of neurinoma in the skull is:
Antworten
-
ponto-cerebellar angle
-
falx cerebri
-
tentorium cerebelli
-
cerebellum
Frage 91
Frage
Signet-ring cells are seen in:
Antworten
-
in obesity
-
vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney
-
liver steatosis
-
adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells
Frage 92
Frage
squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:
Antworten
-
mouth mucosa
-
lining in the bronchi
-
lining of the vaginal part of the cervix
-
epithelium of gastric mucosa
Frage 93
Frage
Dermoid cyst is:
Antworten
-
mature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary
-
benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges
-
pigmental tumor
-
benign tumor associated with pregnancy
Frage 94
Frage
ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:
Antworten
-
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
-
leutic ulcer
-
Rodent bites
-
basal cell carcinoma
Frage 95
Frage
the following microscopic description indicates: H-E staining: the lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.
Antworten
-
naevus pigementosus
-
melanoma maligum
-
skin oedema
-
basal cell Carcinoma
Frage 96
Frage
the following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:
Antworten
-
brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs
-
heart tamponade
-
1st degree AV-block
-
all of the above
Frage 97
Frage
which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: the cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). the valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularisation).
Antworten
-
acute endocarditis
-
subacute endocarditis
-
age-related degeneration of the valve
-
Rheumatism
Frage 98
Frage
which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atropic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization
Antworten
-
nutmeg liver
-
cyanosis hepatis
-
acute hepatitis
-
atrophy of the liver
Frage 99
Frage
the following microscopic description in indicative for: H-E staining: alveolar spaces are filled with precipitated homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar Septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi
Antworten
-
hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
-
hemosiderosis pulmonis
-
pulmofibrosis
-
lung edema
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