Adolescence Physiology

[blank_start]Orchidometer[blank_end] is used to measure the size of the testicles.

The testicles weigh about [blank_start]1[blank_end].[blank_start]5[blank_end] ounces.

[blank_start]Sperm[blank_end] [blank_start]competition[blank_end] is an evolutionary factor that could have contributed to our sexual behavior and sexual anatomy.

Adolescence is made of many stages.

What is the period from puberty to full sexual/reproductive maturity officially known as? (Also an awareness of social/gender roles)

What is the definition of a "child?"

Having a childhood phase allows mothers a physical and physiological gap to bear more children if they wish.

Which of these are characteristic of adolescence?

Breast buds are common amongst adolescent and pre-pubescent males.

Once one has reached complete reproductive maturity, adolescence [blank_start]ends[blank_end].

The last notable changes of adolescence: Men: Build up of [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] Women: Widening of [blank_start]hips[blank_end]

The [blank_start]hypothalamic[blank_end] [blank_start]gonadal[blank_end] axis is the main hormonal pathway during puberty.

The hypothalamic gonadal axis inactivates upon birth of the fetus.

Hypothalamus: [blank_start]GnRH[blank_end] Anterior Pituitary: [blank_start]LH[blank_end] (peaks before ovulation) and [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] (gonadotropins) Gonads: [blank_start]Estrogen[blank_end] (ovaries) and [blank_start]Testosterone[blank_end] (testes)

What is precocious puberty in girls?

What is considered precocious puberty in boys?

Puberty later than [blank_start]13[blank_end] years for girls and [blank_start]14[blank_end] years for boys is considered late, or [blank_start]delayed[blank_end].

Lack of pubertal progression can also mean late onset of adolescence.

Women should experience [blank_start]menarche[blank_end] (beginning of period) roughly [blank_start]3[blank_end] years once her breasts begin to develop ([blank_start]thelarche[blank_end].)

Boys should complete puberty within [blank_start]4[blank_end] years.

The beginning of adolescence is known as [blank_start]adrenarche[blank_end].

Puberty is a intermediate stage of adolescence.

Puberty has a growth spurt but there is generalized increase in growth throughout puberty.

Increased activity of the adrenal glands is why we call the beginning of adolescence "adrenarche."

Girls have a(n) [blank_start]earlier[blank_end] growth spurt. Boys have a(n) [blank_start]greater[blank_end] growth spurt.

What diagnostic tool is used to measure adolescent growth? (the ________ _________) (both begin with capitals)

In girls, when does the growth spurt finish?

Adrenarche is noted as the beginning of breast buds/testicular growth.

Which of these have increased interactions and dopaminergic activity during adolescent brain maturation?

Which of these are noted characteristic of the adolescent brain?

Which of these is not that active in a fully matured adult brain but very active in the adolescent brain?

Which of these are known to start emerging during adolescence?

Usually, girls reach complete reproductive maturity at around age [blank_start]18[blank_end]. Boys do so around age [blank_start]21[blank_end]. This complete reproductive maturity = the end of adolescence.

The first two years following menarche, a woman may experience [blank_start]anovulatory[blank_end] cycles. This should stop once [blank_start]pelvic[blank_end] [blank_start]growth[blank_end] is fully achieved.

Teenage pregnancies have ill outcomes generally.

Which genetic component plays a role in when puberty begins in an individual? Chromosome [blank_start]6[blank_end] [blank_start]LIN28B[blank_end]

The age for menarche is decreasing.

Generally, people are decreasing in height more than they used to.

Obesity leads to an [blank_start]increased[blank_end] growth and also brings on puberty [blank_start]earlier[blank_end] for the individual.

Early activation of the adrenal glands may be mistaken for [blank_start]precocious[blank_end] puberty, which is technically a pathology. The difference between precocious puberty and early activation of the adrenal glands is if there is no [blank_start]testicular[blank_end] [blank_start]enlargement[blank_end] (in men) and if there is no [blank_start]breast[blank_end] [blank_start]changes[blank_end] (in women.)