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BIOL 2P97

Beschreibung

Quiz am BIOL 2P97, erstellt von Kelly B am 14/04/2018.
Kelly B
Quiz von Kelly B, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Kelly B
Erstellt von Kelly B vor etwa 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
  • Only B and C are correct

Frage 2

Frage
CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
  • All of the above.
  • Only B and C are correct

Frage 3

Frage
___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.
Antworten
  • Amino acids.
  • Fatty acids.
  • Glucose.
  • Fructose.
  • None of the above.

Frage 4

Frage
The energy in ATP is released during _______?
Antworten
  • The addition of an inorganic phosphate group to ADP.
  • The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of ATP.
  • Catabolic reactions.
  • The electron transport system.
  • All of the above.

Frage 5

Frage
Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.
Antworten
  • Interstitial fluid.
  • Blood plasma.
  • Intracellular fluid.
  • Extracellular fluid.

Frage 7

Frage
Gastrointestinal tract performs:
Antworten
  • Digestion.
  • Absorption.
  • Secretion.
  • Motility.
  • All of the above.

Frage 8

Frage
Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?
Antworten
  • Trypsin.
  • chymotrypsin.
  • pepsin.
  • amylase.
  • All of the above are used to digest proteins.

Frage 9

Frage
Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.
Antworten
  • Pancreas.
  • Small intestine.
  • Large intestine.
  • Gall bladder.
  • Spleen.

Frage 10

Frage
Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.
Antworten
  • Parietal Cells
  • Chief cells.
  • D cells.
  • G cells.
  • Mucous neck cells.

Frage 11

Frage
Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
Antworten
  • Ghrelin
  • Pancreatic peptide
  • Peptide YY
  • Oxyntomodulin
  • Leptin

Frage 12

Frage
The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?
Antworten
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Triglycerides
  • Only A and B.

Frage 13

Frage
Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
Antworten
  • Ghrelin
  • Pancreatic peptide
  • Peptide YY
  • Oxyntomodulin
  • All of the above

Frage 14

Frage
In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • The citric acid cycle
  • The electron transport chain
  • The conversion of pyruvate to lactate
  • All of the above.

Frage 15

Frage
Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?
Antworten
  • Increasing the activation energy
  • Decreasing amount of reactions available
  • Increasing the amount of products
  • Decreasing activation energy
  • None of the above

Frage 16

Frage
Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?
Antworten
  • The activity of an enzyme can be regulated by factors present within a cell.
  • Most enzymes in humans have an optimal activity near the body's internal pH.
  • Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
  • All enzymes are produced in active form.
  • All of the above statements are correct.

Frage 17

Frage
Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
Antworten
  • Enzymes
  • Carrier protiens
  • Electron shuttles.
  • Structural proteins.
  • None of the above.

Frage 18

Frage
The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.
Antworten
  • Stomach.
  • Small intestine.
  • Large intestines.
  • Esophagus.
  • Mouth.

Frage 19

Frage
Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
Antworten
  • Polysaccharides
  • Trisaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • All of the above

Frage 20

Frage
Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.
Antworten
  • Carbohydrates.
  • Proteins.
  • Lipids.
  • Amino acids.
  • None of the above.

Frage 21

Frage
______ refers to the loss of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum?
Antworten
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation
  • None of the above

Frage 22

Frage
Sweating utilizes which of the following mechanisms of heat loss?
Antworten
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation

Frage 23

Frage
Which of the following transport mechanisms moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
Antworten
  • Simple diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 24

Frage
Primary active transport functions by taking energy via the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas secondary active transport functions by taking energy from stored ionic concentrations within the cell (aka concentration gradients).
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 25

Frage
______ refers to all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.
Antworten
  • Catabolism
  • Anabolism
  • Metabolism
  • Digestion
  • Secretion

Frage 26

Frage
The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is the?
Antworten
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
  • Muscularis intera

Frage 27

Frage
The myenteric plexus can be found within the
Antworten
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
  • Mesentry

Frage 28

Frage
Which of the following enzymes is produced in the stomach?
Antworten
  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
  • Trypsin
  • Pepsin
  • Amylase

Frage 29

Frage
Glucagon is produced by the ______ in the pancreas.
Antworten
  • Alpha cells
  • Beta cells
  • D cells
  • G cells
  • None of the above

Frage 30

Frage
Which of the following nutrients could be used to sustain normal bodily function during months of starvation?
Antworten
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • All of the above
  • Both A and B

Frage 31

Frage
______ refers to the transfer of heat between two touching objects
Antworten
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation

Frage 32

Frage
Which of the following is not a property of carrier-mediated transport?
Antworten
  • Specificity.
  • Competition.
  • Saturation.
  • All of the above are properties of carrier mediated transport.
  • Both A and B are not properties of carrier-mediated transport.

Frage 33

Frage
The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as ______.
Antworten
  • Homeostasis.
  • Equilibrium.
  • Osmosis.
  • Disequilibrium.
  • None of the above.

Frage 34

Frage
Which of the following processes is used to move large molecules into a cell?
Antworten
  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • All of the above
  • Only B and C

Frage 35

Frage
______ increases blood glucose levels during the fasted state?
Antworten
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Leptin
  • Neuropeptide Y
  • None of the above.

Frage 36

Frage
Material present within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be external to the body.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

Frage
Glucagon is secreted by
Antworten
  • Pancreatic alpha cells
  • Pancreatic beta cells
  • Stomach epithelial cells
  • Intestinal epithelial cells
  • The hypothalamus

Frage 38

Frage
Which one of the following statements about glucose homeostasis is correct?
Antworten
  • Insulin is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels.
  • Glucagon is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
  • Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues.
  • Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues .
  • Diabetes melleitus is characterized by prolonged periods of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Frage 39

Frage
Which of the following scenarios would be expected to cause weight gain.
Antworten
  • Decrease in resting metabolic rate
  • Increase in thermic effect of feeding
  • Decrease in food consumption
  • Increase in physical activity
  • None of the above

Frage 40

Frage
Energy metabolism occurs by taking oxygen and various carbon fuels in the form of fat, protein, or carbohydrates and breaking them down into ATP.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
_______ is an anabolic reaction that is fueled by ATP.
Antworten
  • Cell growth
  • Cell repair
  • Making proteins
  • DNA and RNA synthesis
  • All of the above

Frage 42

Frage
ATP production occurs through ______.
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Beta oxidation
  • Protein Catabolism
  • All of the above

Frage 43

Frage
Substrate level phosphorylation is _______ .
Antworten
  • direct transfer of a phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound.
  • the loss of a phosphoryl group from ADP or GDP to a phosphorlyated comound.
  • Doesn't exist biologically.

Frage 44

Frage
High energy electrons are stripped form macromolecules during glycolysis, CaC, and pyruvate oxidation and sent to undergo beta oxidation for additional ATP production.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
The starting material for glycolysis includes
Antworten
  • glucose and 2 ATP
  • 4 ATP and 2 glucose
  • 2 ATP and 2 glucose
  • just glucose

Frage 46

Frage
The end products of glycolysis include
Antworten
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 4 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 4 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2

Frage 47

Frage
If oxygen is available, what happens to pyruvate?
Antworten
  • It enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetycl-CoA
  • It cannot enter the mitochondria and stays within the cytosol
  • It enters the electron transport chain
  • It enters the mitochondrial matrix

Frage 48

Frage
The citric acid cycle will not take pyruvate on its own - it must be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the cycle.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
Acetyl-CoA = carrying a pyruvate. Coenzyme A = not carrying a pyruvate.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

Frage
When pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA an electron is taken from pyruvate to create an NADH.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
What happens to pyruvate if O2 is not present?
Antworten
  • It is not shuttled into the mitochondria.
  • It is converted into lactate.
  • It enters the electron transport chain.
  • It is dissolved.
  • Both A and B.

Frage 52

Frage
In the process of pyruvate oxidation what are processes are involved:
Antworten
  • Coenzyme A and pyruvate are converted by dehydrogenase into acetyl-CoA
  • Free energy released from pyruvate joins NAD+ to create NADH.
  • CO2 is produced in the production of acetyl-CoA which must be expelled from the cell.
  • All of the above.

Frage 53

Frage
When pyruvate is converted into lactate is enters the blood and travels to the liver where it breaks down back into pyruvate - next pyruvate is broken into its substrates which form together into a 6-carbon glucose which is put back into the blood for glycolysis.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

Frage
What are the end products of one cycle through the citric acid cycle?
Antworten
  • 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 ATP
  • 1 NADH, 2 FADH2, 5 CO2, 3 ATP
  • It has to go through twice to get anything.
  • 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP

Frage 55

Frage
In the electron transport chain redox reactions fuel proton pumps that move H+ ions against their concentration gradient which drives ATP synthase within the mitochondrial matrix - this is known as the proton motive force.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

Frage
Glycogenesis is the breakdown of fructose to create glucose.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 57

Frage
Where is glycogen mainly stored?
Antworten
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine

Frage 58

Frage
Lipase breaks down triglycerides into
Antworten
  • 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
  • 5 fatty acids and a glucose
  • 3 fatty acids and a glucose
  • 3 fatty acids and a glycogen

Frage 59

Frage
When lipase breaks down a triglyceride what happens to its substrates?
Antworten
  • glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids undergo beta oxidation
  • they all enter the blood stream and go to the liver for storage
  • All of the above are possible.

Frage 60

Frage
Beta oxidation takes a fatty acid and breaks it down into 2 carbon acyl groups. These groups are then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the CaC.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 61

Frage
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from sugar. Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from substrates.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 62

Frage
Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate are substrates used to create glucose in glucogenesis and this occurs mainly in the liver.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 63

Frage
What are the functions of the cellular membrane?
Antworten
  • Structure
  • Communication
  • Physical Isolation
  • Regulation of Exchange
  • All of the above

Frage 64

Frage
Desmones are cytoskeletal elements (aka keratin filaments) that attached to a proteinaceious plaque on the inner surface of the cell membrane. What do they do?
Antworten
  • They allow neighbouring cells to be rigidly anchored to one another.
  • They allow for ions to pass through.
  • They prevent ions passing through.
  • They weaken bonds between cells.

Frage 65

Frage
What do G-protein coupled receptors do?
Antworten
  • Enable communication across cellular membranes
  • Disable communication across cellular membranes
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Frage 66

Frage
What are the four general functions of the digestive system?
Antworten
  • Absorption, digestion, motility, secretion.
  • Absorption, motility, secretion, endocytosis.
  • Motility, secretion, transportation, exocytosis.
  • None of the above.

Frage 67

Frage
_____ is the movement of material from the lumen, into the cells, and into the extracellular fluid.
Antworten
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Digestion
  • Ingestion

Frage 68

Frage
Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 69

Frage
The stomach is made up of the ________
Antworten
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Antrum
  • Lumen

Frage 70

Frage
What makes up the small intestine?
Antworten
  • Duodenum
  • Ileum
  • Jujenum
  • Secum

Frage 71

Frage
What are the accessory organs?
Antworten
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
  • The platypus

Frage 72

Frage
Which cells neutralize chyme through the secretion of bicarbonate.
Antworten
  • Epethelial cells
  • Pancreatic duct cells
  • Parietal cells
  • A and B

Frage 73

Frage
What are the glands responsible for producing saliva within the mouth?
Antworten
  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
  • Cricoid
  • Alveolar

Frage 74

Frage
The gastric glands are made up of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and chief cells.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 75

Frage
The jujenum contains specialized structures that help protect the body from micro-organisms in food.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 76

Frage
CCK is secreted to decrease gastric motility and stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes when _____ is present.
Antworten
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Yo momma

Frage 77

Frage
When _______ is present GIP and GLP-1 are released to stimulate insulin secretion.
Antworten
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Protein
  • Kittens

Frage 78

Frage
Secretin
Antworten
  • Inhibits gastric HCL secretion
  • Inhibits motility
  • Stimulates HCO3 secretion (bicarbonate)
  • All of the above

Frage 79

Frage
The large intestine can be divided into
Antworten
  • ascending, descending, and sigmoid colon
  • ascending and descending colon
  • ascending, descending, and freudian colon

Frage 80

Frage
The hepatic portal vein prevents blood sugar from spiking by manipulating incoming nutrients before they go into circulation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 81

Frage
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Antworten
  • Endocrine; takes materials in from the lumen
  • Exocrine; takes material out into interstitial fluid
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Frage 82

Frage
Proteins must be broken down into peptides and amino acids for digestion and absorption.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 83

Frage
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune deficiency that results in the loss of pancreatic beta cells.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 84

Frage
What does protein digestion produce?
Antworten
  • oligopeptides
  • amino acids
  • lipids
  • oligopeptides and amino acids
  • lipids and amino acids

Frage 85

Frage
What are lipids absorbed as
Antworten
  • monoglycerides
  • fatty acids
  • cholesterol
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Frage 86

Frage
Lipase and co-lipase are responsible for digesting triglycerides
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 87

Frage
All substrates of lipids are digested within miscelles.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 88

Frage
Chylomicrons are made up of
Antworten
  • fatty acids
  • monoglycerides
  • fructose
  • sucrose
  • cholesterol
  • some proteins

Frage 89

Frage
Chylomicrons are excytosed into the blood
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 90

Frage
What is lipemia?
Antworten
  • when blood serum appears clear after a high protein meal
  • when blood serum appears cloudy after a high fat meal
  • when urine appears clear after a high protein meal
  • when urine appears cloudy after a high fat meal

Frage 91

Frage
How do chylomicrons enter the blood
Antworten
  • through the thoracic duct
  • through the portal vein
  • through the aorta
  • none of the above
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