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Research Methods Practice Final

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Practice Final
Haley Hastings
Quiz von Haley Hastings, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Haley Hastings
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

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CHAPTER 11 Non-reactive research is often the best way to gather data when individuals might change their behavior when they become aware of being observed. This behavioral change is a major threat to validity and is known as: (p. 269)
Antworten
  • Accretion
  • Conversion
  • Reactivity
  • Selection bias

Frage 2

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A researcher who studies graffiti to understand relationships between different urban gangs would be using which type of non-reactive measure? (p. 271)
Antworten
  • Accretion
  • Archival
  • Erosion
  • Reactive

Frage 3

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A non-reactive research method that requires a researcher to observe behavior in its natural setting is referred to as: (p. 272–274)
Antworten
  • Context Research
  • Field Research
  • Nature Research
  • Setting Research

Frage 4

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A researcher studies three of the most widely circulated women’s magazines over a ten-year time period to explore how they frame the issue of violence against women. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
Antworten
  • Field Observations
  • Content Analysis
  • Secondary Analysis

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A researcher uses data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, made available through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, to study inmates over time. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
Antworten
  • Field Observations
  • Content Analysis
  • Secondary Analysis

Frage 6

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A researcher watches the process of jury selection over a one-year period in one courthouse in order to understand the problem of race-conscious jury selection. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
Antworten
  • Field observations
  • Content analysis
  • Secondary analysis

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Which of the following is a major limitation of non-reactive research? (p. 275)
Antworten
  • It can pose ethical challenges when it involves covert observation.
  • It does not lend itself to descriptive or exploratory research.
  • Such research removes human behavior from its natural setting.
  • Research subjects can change their behavior in reaction to being observed.

Frage 8

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Non-reactive research techniques are least useful for which of the following types of research? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Descriptive
  • Explanatory
  • Exploratory

Frage 9

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In field research, it is common to train research assistants on what to look for in field observations and how to code their observations. Such training helps ensure which of the following? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Construct validity
  • Inter-rater reliability
  • Predictive validity
  • Test–retest reliability

Frage 10

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A researcher from the local university openly observes how correctional officers manage conflict between inmates. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • Cannot be determined from the available information

Frage 11

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A researcher poses as a probation officer to understand how probation officers deal with juveniles who violate probation. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • Cannot be determined from the available information

Frage 12

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A researcher rides along with a police officer to observe how drivers adjust their driving in the presence of a marked police vehicle. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • Cannot be determined from the available information

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A researcher gets permission from a local domestic violence organization to study the organization’s outreach efforts while acting as a volunteer. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • Cannot be determined from the available information

Frage 14

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Researchers conducting unobtrusive observations will often record data on pre-formatted tables known as: (p. 285)
Antworten
  • Coding Sheets
  • Data Books
  • Field Binders
  • Record Tablets

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The most accurate methods for recording information during field observations is to use a video- or audio-recorder. These methods also happen to be the: (p. 286)
Antworten
  • Least Obtrusive
  • Least Reliable
  • Most Expensive
  • Most Reactive

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CHAPTER 12 A research approach that uses inductive reasoning to develop a theory of some behavior or process is known as: (p. 298–300)
Antworten
  • Case study research.
  • Cultural ethnography research.
  • Grounded theory research.
  • Thick description research.

Frage 17

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A researcher conducts an in-depth study of one white collar criminal in order to understand how other white collar criminals operate. What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
Antworten
  • A case study
  • An ethnography
  • A grounded theory approach
  • A focus group

Frage 18

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A researcher is attempting to understand how juvenile gang members make group decisions on whether to invite a person to join the gang. (p. 390–394)
Antworten
  • A case study
  • An ethnography
  • A grounded theory approach
  • A focus group

Frage 19

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A researcher lives as a prisoner for a year in an effort to understand the prison subculture. What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
Antworten
  • A case study
  • An ethnography
  • A grounded theory approach
  • A focus group

Frage 20

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A researcher interviews gang members to develop a theory explaining why juveniles are attracted to gangs.What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
Antworten
  • A case study
  • An ethnography
  • A grounded theory approach
  • A focus group

Frage 21

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Which of the following qualitative research methods is least likely to feature a formal literature review? (p. 305)
Antworten
  • Case study research
  • Ethnographic research
  • Grounded theory research
  • No qualitative research method features a literature review

Frage 22

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A researcher studies a juvenile sex offender to determine how these types of offender’s ‘select’ their victims. This case study is best described as: (p. 390–394)
Antworten
  • A typical case study.
  • An extreme case study.
  • Neither of the above.
  • Both of the above.

Frage 23

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During a study on police corruption a researcher decides to focus on an officer who is widely known as highly corrupt. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
Antworten
  • A typical case study.
  • An extreme case study.
  • Neither of the above.
  • Both of the above.

Frage 24

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A researcher chooses to study a serial arsonist who is allegedly responsible for setting hundreds of house fires. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
Antworten
  • A typical case study.
  • An extreme case study.
  • Neither of the above.
  • Both of the above.

Frage 25

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A researcher conducts an interview of a teenager who has recently been convicted (first offense) of selling prescription drugs in order to increase the researcher’s understanding of this emerging crime trend. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
Antworten
  • A typical case study.
  • An extreme case study.
  • Neither of the above.
  • Both of the above.

Frage 26

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When a qualitative researcher reflects on the meaning of their data and the concepts emerging from their data, they are engaging in a qualitative technique known as: (p. 311)
Antworten
  • Coding
  • Memoing
  • Recording
  • Surveying

Frage 27

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The influential people within a culture that can open doors for a qualitative researcher, introduce the researcher, and encourage individuals to speak with the researcher are commonly called: (p. 310–311)
Antworten
  • Ambassadors
  • Fencsitters
  • Gatekeepers
  • Outliers

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CHAPTER 13 A systematic technique that compares the costs and benefits of an existing or future program, process, or policy is known as a(n): (p. 323)
Antworten
  • Accountability study.
  • Cost-benefit analysis.
  • Feasibility study.
  • Program review.

Frage 29

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Evaluation research generally considers all of the following questions regarding a policy, process, or program except: (p. 322)
Antworten
  • Are there unintended consequences?
  • Is the policy or program effective?
  • Is the policy or program efficient?
  • Is there public support for the program?

Frage 30

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True or False: Evaluation research should focus primarily on intended, not unintended outcomes of a policy or program. (p. 322)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

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Which of the following could not be said about evaluation research? (p. 332)
Antworten
  • Evaluation researchers should steer clear of controversial subjects.
  • Formal hypotheses are required before starting an evaluation.
  • It is rare to see evaluations that are descriptive in nature.
  • The use of multiple methods is becoming more popular.

Frage 32

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Where would you be most likely to find an evaluation research report? (p. 330)
Antworten
  • A scholarly journal.
  • A popular magazine.
  • An academic database.
  • An agency website.

Frage 33

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True or False: Evaluation research is generally not considered scholarly and cannot be published in academic journals. (p. 330)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

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Evaluation research is almost always: (p. 329)
Antworten
  • Applied research.
  • Qualitative research.
  • Quantitative research.
  • Theoretical research.

Frage 35

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Gaining access to the data necessary to complete evaluation research is sometimes difficult because: (p. 336)
Antworten
  • A court order is almost always required to access public records.
  • Criminal justice programs are, by law, protected from public and private scrutiny.
  • Individuals may want to avoid an objective evaluation of their program.
  • The data almost never exist in a form that is unadulterated and unbiased.

Frage 36

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Which of the following statements about the interpretation and communication phase of evaluation research is most accurate? (p. 339)
Antworten
  • It is common to allow agency representatives to put their ‘spin’ on the results.
  • It is important to be up front about the limitations of the data used in the report.
  • It is rare to allow beneficiaries of the evaluated program to review the report draft.
  • It is not necessary to have the results of the study reviewed before publication.

Frage 37

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When reporting on evaluation research, the media usually pays particular attention to the: (p. 342)
Antworten
  • Controversial findings.
  • Literature review.
  • Research design.
  • Statistical techniques.

Frage 38

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CHAPTER 14 The main disadvantage of the mean is that it is: (p. 352)
Antworten
  • Difficult to calculate accurately.
  • Less useful than other descriptive statistics.
  • Seldom used in data analysis.
  • Sensitive to extreme values.

Frage 39

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When a researcher’s data is collected at the interval or ratio level of measurement, which of the following measures of central tendency are available to use? (p. 355)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
  • All of the above

Frage 40

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Which of the following statistics is a commonly used measure of variability? (p. 356)
Antworten
  • The mode
  • The percentile
  • The range
  • The rate

Frage 41

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A researcher administers an IQ test on a sample of 80 juvenile delinquents. She reports the numerical difference between the delinquent that scored the highest and the delinquent that scored the lowest level of intelligence. The statistic used here is a: (p. 356)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Range
  • Percentile Rank
  • Rate

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A researcher is studying a sample of teenagers who attend a youth program intended to prevent juvenile delinquency. She is interested in describing the sample and begins by calculating the average age of the teenagers in the program. The statistic used here is a: (p. 351)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Range
  • Percentile Rank
  • Rate

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During a conversation between two police officers one comments, “I made an 86 on the last sergeant’s exam which ain’t bad, but 74 percent of the other officers that took the same exam made a better score.” The statistic used here is a: (p. 359-360)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Range
  • Percentile Rank
  • Rate

Frage 44

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A recent study of crime in Bigton revealed that 10 of every 10,000 residents has been a victim of crime in the past year. The statistic used here is a: (p. 360–361)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Range
  • Percentile Rank
  • Rate

Frage 45

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In a normal distribution of IQ scores where the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10, what percent of the cases have IQ scores from 90 to 110? (p. 361–362)
Antworten
  • 32 Percent
  • 26 Percent
  • 54 Percent
  • 68 Percent

Frage 46

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A t-score is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 47

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A rate is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 48

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A standard deviation is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 49

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A percentage is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 50

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A Spearman rho is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 51

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A chi-square is an example of: (p. 350–372)
Antworten
  • A descriptive statistic.
  • An inferential statistic.

Frage 52

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As a general rule, at what level do social scientists agree that a statistical result is not due to chance (i.e., statistical significance)? (p. 363)
Antworten
  • 0.05
  • 0.15
  • 0.2
  • 0.4

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A statistical technique that is used to determine whether or not two or more groups are different with respect to a single variable measured at the interval or ratio level of measurement is: (p. 362–373)
Antworten
  • A multiple regression.
  • A Pearson r.
  • A t-test.
  • An ANOVA.

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The decision about which statistical technique to use for analyzing data depends on: (p. 372–373)
Antworten
  • The level at which the data are measured.
  • The type (i.e., difference or association) of hypotheses being tested.
  • Both A and B
  • Neither A nor B

Frage 55

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A researcher reads through their observations of jury trials involving cases of rape to identify meaningful themes that arise from the data. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
Antworten
  • Transcribing
  • Memoing
  • Coding
  • Diagramming

Frage 56

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A researcher reflects on how social workers influence the child protective custody process while reading through interview data. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
Antworten
  • Transcribing
  • Memoing
  • Coding
  • Diagramming

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A researcher develops a flow chart to illustrate the process by which men and women progress through a typical policing career. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
Antworten
  • Transcribing
  • Memoing
  • Coding
  • Diagrammig

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A researcher conducts recorded interviews with minors serving life sentences, which they later translate into a written transcript. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
Antworten
  • Transcribing
  • Memoing
  • Coding
  • Diagramming
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