Week 9- Skeletal & Muscular Systems

All of the following are true about somites except:

Which of the following structures will eventually form vertebrae and ribs?

Which answer best describes the kind of bones developed through intramembranous ossification?

All of the following are considered to be lethal birth defects except:

All of the following are true regarding Rickets except:

Which of the following ultrasound findings is not associated with renal agenesis?

Which type of joint is capable of secreting protective fluid to cushion the surrounding bones?

All of the following are part of the axial skeleton except:

In the 5th week the sclerotomes in the vertebral column have loosely arranged cells cranially and densely packed cells caudally. By the ___ week the vertebra are in the cartilaginous stage, arranging bone models and by the ___ week ossification beings. By ___ the bony halves are fused.

All of the following birth defects can be features of Down syndrome except:

Which structure(s) describe where the cranial sutures meet and enable the bones of the skull to undergo shape changes during birth?

The increase in the size of the skull bones is greatest during which period?

All of the following statements are true regarding sex determination except:

Which of the following causes a long, wedge shaped cranium caused by early closer of the sagittal suture and is the most common type of idiopathic/isolated craniosynostosis?

The most common type of skeletal dysplasia is:

The myotome regions of the somites form _______ and the splanchnic mesoderm forms ______.

Which of the following is a risk factor for having a child with a skeletal dysplasia?

The appearance and number of sites is used to determine embryonic age.

Intramembranous ossification occurs within a membranous sheath without prior cartilage formation.

Endochondral ossification occurs in preexisting bone models made from cartilage tissue.

Both the diaphyses (center bones) and epiphyses (ends of bone) remain cartilaginous throughout childhood/adolescence until bone growth is completed.

Prenatal detection methods can rarely detect forms of skeletal dysplasia.

Hyaline cartilage is the most widely distributed throughout the body (ie joints).

Joints develop from condensed mesenchyme and by 8 weeks resemble adult joints.

Short long bones identified on ultrasound can be a marker for skeletal dysplasia as well as for Down syndrome.

The FGFR3 gene is implicated in craniosynostosis syndromes but not skeletal dysplasias.

Accessory ribs, absence and/or variation of muscles, and unilateral multicycstic dysplastic kidneys are early common findings and usually of no clinical significance.

The micro deletion in DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial syndrome is [blank_start]22q11.2[blank_end]

A potential cause of arthrogryoposis/joint contractors is [blank_start]CT anomalies[blank_end]; [blank_start]neuropathic disorders[blank_end]; [blank_start]anhydramnios[blank_end]

Describe 3 clinical features of CHARGE syndrome: [blank_start]coloboma[blank_end]; [blank_start]heart disease[blank_end]; [blank_start]atresia choanae[blank_end]; [blank_start]restricted growth[blank_end]; [blank_start]genital anomalies[blank_end]; [blank_start]ear anomalies[blank_end]

Describe 3 clinical features of VACTERL association: [blank_start]vertebral anomalies[blank_end]; [blank_start]anal atresia[blank_end]; [blank_start]cardiovascular anomalies[blank_end]; [blank_start]tracheoesophageal fistula[blank_end]; [blank_start]esophageal atresia[blank_end]; [blank_start]renal anomalies[blank_end]; [blank_start]limb defects[blank_end]

[blank_start]Poland sequence[blank_end] is a condition characterized by absence of the pectorals major muscle that results in hypo plastic fused ribs, unilateral absence of breast nipple, areola, hemivertebrae, syndactyly, brachydactylyl, and in some cases dextrocardia.

The most common cytogenetic abnormality observed in spontaneously aborted fetuses is [blank_start]45,X[blank_end].

A physiological omphalocele should be resolved by the [blank_start]10[blank_end]th week of gestation.

A MSAFP value above [blank_start]2.50[blank_end] MoM will result in a prenatal screening test that indicates an increased risk for neural tube/abdominal wall defects.

A nuchal translucency (NT) measurement greater than [blank_start]3[blank_end] mm will result in a prenatal screening test that indicates a greater than 20% chance for an underlying chromosome abnormality.