Breast Pathology II

Breast Carcinoma is considered to be which type of carcinoma?

Breast Adenocarcinoma commonly occurs in the epithelial cells of which breast structure?

A carcinoma which hasn't yet breached basement membrane is known as an [blank_start]in situ[blank_end] carcinoma A carcinoma which has breached the basement membrane is known as an [blank_start]invasive[blank_end] carcinoma

Lobular neoplasias: [blank_start]Lobular Carcinoma in situ[blank_end] = >50% of lobule involved [blank_start]Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia[blank_end] = <50% of lobule involved [blank_start]Invasive Carcinoma[blank_end] = Typically >50% of lobule involved & breach of basement membrane

Lobular neoplasms typically grow in response to which hormone? [blank_start]Oestrogen[blank_end]

The red dots show tumours in a breast. Which shows a multifocal cancer and which shows a multicentric cancer?

Description of a Lobular In Situ Neoplasia: Frequently [blank_start]multifocal[blank_end] and [blank_start]bilateral[blank_end] Incidence [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] following menopause [blank_start]Is not[blank_end] typically palpable Usually [blank_start]incidental[blank_end] finding

How are lobular neoplasms typically managed?

A woman has a routine mammography scan conducted as part of the breast screening program. Three small lesions are noticed in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast. If you were to suggest a biopsy of these lesions, which 2 of the following might you consider?

In which breast structures do Ductal Carcinoma In Situ originate?

Ductal carcinoma in situ is typically [blank_start]unicentric (affects single duct system)[blank_end]

[blank_start]Ductal Carcinoma in situ[blank_end] = Confined within the basement membrane of the duct [blank_start]Invasive Ductal Carcinoma[blank_end] = Breached the basement membrane of the duct

Observe the picture. Which condition are you worried about in this woman? [blank_start]Paget's Disease[blank_end] of the breast

Paget's Disease of the Breast is typically indicative of an underlying [blank_start]Ductal Carcinoma In Situ[blank_end]

Which of the following are typical signs of Paget's Disease of the Breast?

In the case of high grade ductal neoplasms such as DCIS, growth of the tumour can outpace the development of the blood supply thus leading to the entire duct becoming plugged with cancerous cells which typically become necrosed. This is known as [blank_start]comedo[blank_end] necrosis.

How is Ductal Carcinoma In Situ typically managed?

Which structure is breached in invasive carcinomas? The [blank_start]Basement membrane[blank_end]

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females

Which cancer most commonly affects males? [blank_start]Prostate[blank_end] cancer

Having a child which a woman subsequently breast feeds significantly reduces her risk of developing breast cancer at a later age.

Nulliparous women are less likely to develop breast cancer

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Development: [blank_start]Early[blank_end] menarche [blank_start]Late[blank_end] menopause

Hormone therapies such as HRT and the Oral Contraceptive Pill have negligible effects on the risk of breast cancer development

Women in Western Europe have the highest incidence of breast cancer of any geographical region in the world.

Which of the following has a greater impact on the risk of breast cancer development?

Which genetic mutations are the most common indicators of breast cancer risk in women? [blank_start]BRCA[blank_end] mutations 1 and 2

Statistically, 1 in every [blank_start]8[blank_end] women will develop breast cancer at some point in their lifetime.

Which of the following is the most common invasive breast carcinoma?

Which of the following is the second most common invasive breast carcinoma?

Which lymph nodes do breast carcinomas typically metastasize to?

The [blank_start]sentinel[blank_end] lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes in which a tumour drains.

The more hormone receptors an invasive carcinoma has, the better its prognosis.

In terms of hormone receptors, 80% of invasive breast carcinomas are positive for [blank_start]oestrogen[blank_end] receptors and 67% are positive for [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] receptors

[blank_start]Tamoxifen[blank_end] is an anti-oestrogen prodrug which when given gives rise to compounds which act as oestrogen receptor antagonists, thus preventing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

Tamoxifen should not be given to those with non-invasive breast cancer (e.g. DCIS)

The primary treatment for invasive breast cancers such as Invasive Ductal Carcinoma is hormone adjuvant therapy