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Biology Exam 4

Beschreibung

Looking at the functions of the body: bones, tissues, neurons, muscles, blood, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, and hormones.
Heidi Sherwood
Quiz von Heidi Sherwood, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Heidi Sherwood
Erstellt von Heidi Sherwood vor etwa 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Most voluntary movement in a vertebrate body is accomplished by:
Antworten
  • Muscles pulsing in waves of contraction to change the shape of the organism
  • Muscles pushing against bones to force them apart
  • Muscles pushing against tubes filled with fluid
  • Muscles pulling bones to bring them closer together

Frage 2

Frage
Which statement best reflects how contraction of a muscle fiber is accomplished?
Antworten
  • Calcium causes the actin fibers to contract
  • Calcium causes the myosin fibers to contract
  • Calcium and ATP cause both actin and myosin fibers to contract
  • ATP powers a sliding of actin fibers past myosin

Frage 3

Frage
How does the smooth muscle of blood vessels, stomach and intestine differ from skeletal muscle?
Antworten
  • Smooth muscle is involuntary, skeletal muscle is voluntary
  • Smooth muscle is voluntary, skeletal muscle is involuntary
  • Only smooth muscle is controlled by nerve impulses
  • Skeletal muscle does not use calcium

Frage 4

Frage
What sort of a signal causes a skeletal muscle to contract?
Antworten
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases an electrical signal
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases calcium
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases a chemical neurotransmitter
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases ATP

Frage 5

Frage
How does the circulatory system of a human compare with that of an insect?
Antworten
  • The human has a closed system, the insect is open
  • Both the human and the insect are closed
  • The human has an open system, the insect is closed

Frage 6

Frage
Which of the following systems does not exchange with the circulatory system in vertebrates?
Antworten
  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Excretory system
  • Cells and interstitial fluid
  • All of these exchange with the circulatory system

Frage 7

Frage
Blood from the left ventricle goes:
Antworten
  • To the left atrium
  • To the pulmonary artery and the lung
  • To the right ventricle
  • To the aorta and the body
  • To the right atrium

Frage 8

Frage
The bulk of oxygen in the blood is carried
Antworten
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the plasma
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the plasma

Frage 9

Frage
Compare the speed of liquid flow in capillaries and the aorta
Antworten
  • Faster in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Slower in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Faster in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • Slower in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • The same because the total volume of blood is constant

Frage 10

Frage
During countercurrent exchange in fish gills, where blood first enters the gills:
Antworten
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood mix together with oxygen-rich water

Frage 11

Frage
The air sacks of the lung where gas exchange takes place are called:
Antworten
  • Lacteal
  • Villi
  • Cecum
  • Alveoli
  • Trachea

Frage 12

Frage
Essential amino acids are
Antworten
  • Those that are present in all body proteins
  • Those that are the most abundant in the body
  • Those that the body synthesizes
  • Those the body uses most
  • Those the body can not synthesize

Frage 13

Frage
Given an equal serving weight
Antworten
  • Carbohydrates have more calories than fats
  • Fats have more calories than carbohydrates
  • Fats and carbohydrates have the same calorie content

Frage 14

Frage
The digestion of starch begins
Antworten
  • In the mouth
  • In the stomach
  • In the duodenum
  • In the small intestine
  • In the large intestine

Frage 15

Frage
The pH of the stomach is:
Antworten
  • Highly acidic
  • Highly basic
  • Neutral (pH about 7)

Frage 16

Frage
How is glucose concentration in the blood regulated?
Antworten
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood

Frage 17

Frage
What mechanisms are not used in the production of urine by the mammalian kidney?
Antworten
  • Pressure filtration
  • Reabsorption of water
  • Selective reabsorption of salts
  • All of these are used in the production of urine

Frage 18

Frage
In most circumstances, how does the solute (salts and urea) concentration of mammalian urine in the bladder compare with that of blood entering the kidney?
Antworten
  • The solute concentration in the urine is higher
  • The solute concentration in the urine is lower
  • The solute concentration in the urine is about the same as in the blood

Frage 19

Frage
Which of the following pathways is the most common in the nervous system?
Antworten
  • Sensory neuron --> motor neuron --> interneuron
  • Sensory neuron --> interneuron --> motor neuron
  • Motor neuron --> sensory neuron --> interneuron
  • Motor neuron --> interneuron --> sensory neuron
  • Interneuron --> sensory neuron --> motor neuron

Frage 20

Frage
What is the correct path for the flow of the signal in a single neuron?
Antworten
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrite --> axon
  • Axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrive
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon --> dendrite
  • Dendrite --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon
  • Dendrite --> axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter)

Frage 21

Frage
Nervous signals are carried along the axon by a wave of depolarization and between nerve cells by neurotransmitters
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
Automatic functions like breathing and digestion are controlled by the
Antworten
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebellum

Frage 23

Frage
Which of the following is NOT true concerning steroid hormones?
Antworten
  • Testosterone and estrogen are examples
  • The receptors for them are within the target cell
  • They are composed of animo acids and the receptors are on the cell surface
  • THeir ultimate purpose is to activate transcription of specific genes
  • They are related to cholesterol in structure

Frage 24

Frage
Which (if any) of the following is not part of the human endocrine system?
Antworten
  • Hypothalamus and pituitary
  • Adrenal glands
  • Ovaries (in females)
  • Testes (in males)
  • All of these are part of the human endocrine system

Frage 25

Frage
Bone is:
Antworten
  • A living dynamic tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is not being remodeled
  • A living dynamic tissue that is not being remodeled

Frage 26

Frage
Nervous tissue is tissue that specializes in conducting signals
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
Check all that are parts of the nervous tissue
Antworten
  • Neurons (cells specialized for signal transduction)
  • Cartilage (firm but flexible connective tissue)
  • Gliel cells (support the neuron)
  • Myofilaments (composed of actin and myosin)

Frage 28

Frage
Myosin and actin are not proteins
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
When talking about neurons, which is the order of the signals?
Antworten
  • Electrical signal --> chemical signal --> electrical signal
  • Electrical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> electrical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal

Frage 30

Frage
In the neuron, the axon receives the signal
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
The sensory neurons:
Antworten
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Frage 32

Frage
Interneurons:
Antworten
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Frage 33

Frage
Motor neurons:
Antworten
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles

Frage 34

Frage
Smooth muscle
Antworten
  • Is involuntary
  • Is voluntary

Frage 35

Frage
Check all that are apply to smooth muscles
Antworten
  • Include blood vessels
  • Include the intestinal track
  • Include the stomach
  • Are in the heart
  • Are related to moving the bones in the body
  • Are involuntary
  • Are voluntary

Frage 36

Frage
There are three general functions of the circulatory system
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

Frage
What is the cycle of blood?
Antworten
  • Heart --> body --> heart --> lungs
  • heart--> body --> lungs --> heart

Frage 38

Frage
Arteries:
Antworten
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Frage 39

Frage
Veins:
Antworten
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Frage 40

Frage
The circulatory system transports nutrients, minerals, oxygen, and waste throughout the body
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
Cells do not need O2 to produce ATP
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
What is the principle function of red blood cells?
Antworten
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Frage 43

Frage
What is the principle function of white blood cells?
Antworten
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Frage 44

Frage
What is the principle function of platelets?
Antworten
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Frage 45

Frage
Blood is composed of two things: cells and plasma
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
Where does the major exchange of CO2 and O2 take place?
Antworten
  • The respiratory system
  • The circulatory system
  • The digestive system

Frage 47

Frage
In the digestive system, where does the major absorption occur?
Antworten
  • The small intestines
  • The large intestines
  • The stomach
  • The esophogas
  • None of these

Frage 48

Frage
The large intestine is the last step in the digestion process
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
A hormone is a signaling molecule which elicits a psysiological response
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

Frage
Hormones are not diverse
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases
Antworten
  • insulin
  • glucagon

Frage 52

Frage
Muscles:
Antworten
  • work by pulling bones closer together and work in opposing pairs
  • work by pushing bones further apart and work in opposing pairs

Frage 53

Frage
In muscle contraction:
Antworten
  • Myocin is at the center and actin is on the outskirts, and they slide past each other.
  • Actin is at the center and myocin is on the outskirts, and they slide past eacho ther.

Frage 54

Frage
Which would you expect to represent the greatest biomass in an ecosystem?
Antworten
  • Producers
  • Primary consumers
  • Tertiary consumers
  • Equal in all 3 of these

Frage 55

Frage
Carbon cycles back and forth between living and nonliving forms by:
Antworten
  • Photosynthesis only
  • Respiration only
  • Photosynthesis and respiration

Frage 56

Frage
Nitrogen can be acquired from atmospheric gas for biological processes by:
Antworten
  • Only bacteria
  • Bacteria and plants
  • Bacteria and fungi
  • All living organisms

Frage 57

Frage
The greatest biodiversity can be expected to occur in:
Antworten
  • Tropical rainforest
  • Savanna
  • Desert
  • Grasslands
  • Conifer

Frage 58

Frage
Which (if any) of the following does not influence climate?
Antworten
  • Latitude
  • Elevation
  • Geography
  • Ocean currents
  • All of these can have an effect on climate

Frage 59

Frage
In freshwater ponds, seasonal temperature changes cause spring and fall overturns that redistribute nutrients.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 60

Frage
A tundra-like region can be found:
Antworten
  • Only at the poles
  • At the equator
  • Any arid region
  • Sub-polar and high altitude
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