3420641
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Quiz von matthew.anselmo, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von matthew.anselmo
vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
What is the primary function of the lungs?
Antworten
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convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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filter pulmonary blood
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gas exchange
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remove carbon monoxide (CO)
Frage 2
Frage
During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the:
Antworten
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residual volume (RV)
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tidal volume (VT)
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inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
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vital capacity (VC)
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following pressures vary throughout the normal breathing cycle?
Antworten
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pleural pressure (Ppl
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mouth pressure (Pao)
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body surface pressure (Pbs)
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alveolar pressure (Palv)
Frage 4
Frage
Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing?
Antworten
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Pbs
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Pao
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Ppl
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Palv
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for the actual flow of gas into and out of the lungs during breathing?
Antworten
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transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl – Pbs)
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transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)
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transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)
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transcanadian pressure gradient (Ppc – Pks)
Frage 6
Frage
Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation?
Antworten
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transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)
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transcanadian pressure gradient (Pca – Pks)
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transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl –Pbs)
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transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true?
Antworten
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It always remains less than atmospheric pressure.
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It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration.
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It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl).
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It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration.
Frage 8
Frage
What happens during normal inspiration?
Antworten
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Palv drops below that at the airway opening.
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The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens.
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The Ppl decreases further below atmospheric.
Frage 9
Frage
During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?
Antworten
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mid-expiration
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end-inspiration
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end-expiration
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mid-inspiration
Frage 10
Frage
During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere?
Antworten
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Airway pressure is greater than Palv.
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Palv is greater than at the airway opening.
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Palv is the same as at the airway opening
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Palv is less than at the airway opening.
Frage 11
Frage
What forces must be overcome to move air into the respiratory system?
Antworten
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surface tension forces
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airway resistance
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elastic forces of lung tissue
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tissue movement
Frage 12
Frage
What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure?
Antworten
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transpulmonary pressures
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pleural pressure variance
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hysteresis
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alveolar aphasia
Frage 13
Frage
What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air-filled lung?
Antworten
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It decreases the lung's elasticity as volume increases
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It makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with fluid
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It increases the elastic recoil of the lung (promoting collapse).
Frage 14
Frage
The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following?
Antworten
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increase resistance
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increase elastance
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decrease surface tension
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decrease compliance
Frage 15
Frage
How is compliance computed?
Antworten
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change in volume/change in pressure
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change in volume/change in flow
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change in pressure/change in volume
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change in pressure/change in flow
Frage 16
Frage
Normal lung compliance is approximately which of the following?
Antworten
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10.00 L/cm H2O
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2.00 L/cm H2O
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0.20 L/cm H2O
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0.01 L/cm H2O
Frage 17
Frage
A lung that loses elastic fibers (as in emphysema) would exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Antworten
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increased pulmonary compliance
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increased airway resistance
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decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
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decreased airways resistance
Frage 18
Frage
A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Antworten
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decreased surface tension
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decreased PVR
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decreased lung compliance
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decreased airway resistance
Frage 19
Frage
What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)?
Antworten
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Opposing chest-wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl.
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Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction.
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The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance.
Frage 20
Frage
At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level?
Antworten
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about 90% of the VC
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about 70% of the VC
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about 40% of the total lung capacity (TLC)
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about 30% of the VC
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