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Fragen in diesem Quiz (50)
1301. Regarding the accompanying symptoms of dysphagia, it is true that:
- AA. Massive and rapid weight loss indicates malignancy
- BB. Anterior intermittent chest pain suggest peptic esophageal stenosis
- CC. Abundant regurgitation with fermented, undigested food suggests diffuse esophageal spasm
- DD. Coughing is due to the passage of food content into the duodenum
- EE. Miniaspirations represent the passage of food content into the respiratory system
- FF. Anterior chest pain may accompany diffuse esophageal spasm
- GG. Abundant regurgitation with fermented, undigested food suggests achalasia
- HI. Massive and rapid weight gain indicates esophageal stenosis
- IJ. Sialorrhea and the presence of regurgitated saliva on the pillow during the night suggest gastroesophageal reflux
2302. Regarding the methods of exploring the esophagus, it is true that:
- AA. The radiological examination with contrast substance can be performed only with single contrast having a high
diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity - BB. The radiological examination with the contrast substance usually uses gadolinium
- CC. The radiological examination is contraindicated in patients with cardiac failure
- DD. The radiological examination has a high risk of anaphylactic reactions
- EE. The radiological examination with contrast substance can be performed with single contrast or double contrast,
the latter having a higher diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity - FF. The radiological examination with the contrast substance usually uses barium sulfate
- GG. The radiological examination without contrast substance can diagnose achalasia
- HH. The radiological examination with contrast must be performed during swallowing, between swallows and in
different positions (orthostatism, supine position or Trendelenburg) - II. The radiological examination is indicated by the frst intention, especially when an esophageal motor disorder
is suspected
- AA. The radiological examination with contrast substance can be performed only with single contrast having a high
3303. Which are the risk factors for liver diseases?
- AA. Hereditary disorders (hepatitis C)
- BB. Industrial sovents (alcoholic hepatitis)
- CC. Ingestion of contaminated water of food (hepatitis B+D)
- DD. Ingestion of contaminated water of foods (hepatitis A)
- EE. Chronic alcohol intake (alcoholic hepatitis)
- FF. Injection drug use (hepatitis B)
- GG. Sexual contact with an infected partner (hepatitis A)
- HH. Blood transfusion (hepatitis C)
- IJ. Toxic liver damage from some anesthetic agents
4304. Which of the following sentences regarding the localization of abdominal pain are true?
- AA. Gastroesophageal Refux Disease-chest or epigastric
- BB. Acute pancreatitis- left lower quadrant
- CC. Peptic ulcer-epigastric may radiate straight to the back
- DD. Pancreatic cancer: chest
- EE. Acute diverticulitis-left lower quadrant
- FF. Acute bowel obstruction- small bowel: periumbilical or upper abdominal
- GI. Biliary colic: epigastric or left upper quadrant
- HJ. Chronic pancreatitis-epigastric, radiating to the back
5305. Regarding the enlargement of the abdomen, it can be stated:
- AA. The increase in abdominal volume is usually accompanied by the absence of bowel sounds on auscultation
of the abdomen - BB. The increase in abdominal volume always occurs due to pathological causes
- CC. Enlargement of the abdomen can be determined by excess adiposity (enlargement of the adipose panicle)
- DD. Pregnancy is a cause of increased abdominal volume
- EF. When caused by ascitic fuid, abdominal enlargement is accompanied by a tympanic sound on percussion
- FG. In liver cirrhosis, the enlarged abdomen may be accompanied by abdominal collateral circulation
- GH. Abdominal enlargement can also be caused by intra-abdominal tumors
- HI. Ascites can be a cause
- AA. The increase in abdominal volume is usually accompanied by the absence of bowel sounds on auscultation
6306. The following sentences regarding abdominal pain are true:
- AA. The pain from biliary colic presents with radiation similar to pain from renal colic, an aspect that makes
differential diagnosis diffculty - BB. Epigastric pain can be caused by a stomach and duodenal ulcer
- CC. Biliary colic typically originates in the right hypochondrum
- DD. Upper abdominal pain with posterior radiation is often seen in acute pancreatitis
- EF. The presence of the “wave” sign is determined by the identification of pain on percussion of the abdomen
- FG. Biliary colic pain has an insidious onset
- GH. Colicative pain can cause a change in the patient's attitude
- HI. The pain in acute pancreatitis typically radiates into the hypogastrum
- AA. The pain from biliary colic presents with radiation similar to pain from renal colic, an aspect that makes
7307. The following signs could be associated with liver cirrhosis:
- AA. Abdominal collateral circulation
- BB. Shifting dullness in patients with a liver tumor (hepatocarcinoma)
- CC. Peripheral cyanosis
- DD. Jaundice
- EE. Leukonychia
- FH. Shifting dullness on percussion of the abdomen
- GI. Paraplegia
- HJ. Gynecomastia
8308. Regarding the digestive hemorrhages the following sentences are true:
- AA. Rectal bleeding can be represented by blood coating the faeces
- BB. Melena can be identifed by a digital rectal examination
- CC. Epistaxis is specifc to bleeding from the upper esophagus (cervical)
- DD. Normal-looking faeces exclude bleeding from the digestive tract
- EF. Hematemesis involves the elimination of blood through the effort of vomiting
- FH. Hematemesis associated with melena have as source of bleeding the upper digestive tract
- GI. Melena can have as source of bleeding upper and lower digestive tract
- HJ. Hematemesis may occur frequently in small bowel bleeding
9309. Regarding the Murphy’s sign the following are true:
- AA. It is usually positive in gastric and duodenal ulcers
- BB. It is tested by a palpation maneuver at the level of the right hypochondrum
- CC. It is highlighted by deep palpation of the left hypochondrium
- DD. Presupposes a deep palpation of the right hypochondrum at the cystic point
- EE. It can also be identifed by percussion
- FF. May be positive in gallbladder disease (eg acute cholecystitis)
- GG. The patient suddenly blocks inspiration due to pain
- HI. It is usually negative in colonic tumors
10310. Regarding abdominal clinical examination, the following are true:
- AA. The Murphy’s sign is positive in acute pancreatitis
- BB. The absence of the abdominal sounds can occur with intestinal occlusion
- CE. Physiologically the abdomen is not mobile with respiratory movements
- DF. Abdominal percussion is performed at the level of abdominal painful points
- EG. Percussion of the abdomen usually produces a tympanic sound
- FH. Splenomegaly can be determined by palpation
- GI. In acute peritonitis the abdomen is not moving with respiration
- HJ. Palpation of the liver can be mono- or bi-manual
11311. Which of the following are considered ′′alarm symptoms′′?
- AA. Early satiety
- BB. Heartburn
- CC. Dysphagia
- DD. Belching
- EF. Nausea
- FG. Anemia
- GH. Recurrent vomiting
- HI. Painless jaundice
- IJ. Regurgitation
12312. Which of the following statements are true regarding mechanisms of jaundice?
- AA. It is caused by increased uptake of bilirubin by the hepatocytes
- BB. Extrahepatic jaundice arises from obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts
- CC. There is a decreased uptake of bilirubin by the hepatocytes
- DD. There is a decreased ability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin
- EE. Intrahepatic jaundice can be hepatocellular from damage to the hepatocytes or cholestatic from impaired
excretion - FF. In hepatocellular jaundice, there is excessive red cell breakdown which causes an unconjugated
hyperbilirubinaemia - GG. Intrahepatic jaundice arises from obstruction of common bile duct
- HH. It is caused by increased production of bilirubin
13313. Which of the following are considered risk factors for colorectal cancer?
- AA. Diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- BB. Increasing age
- CC. Family history of colorectal neoplasia
- DD. Low-fat diet
- EE. Irritable bowel syndrome
- FF. Adenomatous polyps
- GG. African American race
- HH. Diverticulitis
- IJ. Male gender
14314. Which of the following statements are true regarding abdominal light palpation ?
- AA. Assesses the distribution of gas in the abdomen
- BB. Delineates the liver edge
- CC. Determines the size of the liver
- DD. Determines the size if the spleen
- EF. Identifs abdominal wall defects
- FG. Identifes any superfcial tumours
- GH. Detects abdominal tenderness
- HJ. Detects muscular resistance
15315. Which of the following statements are true regarding non-infammatory acute diarrhea ?
- AA. Typically soft and oily diarrhea
- BB. Etiology: rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, preformed bacterial toxins (toxigenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus) - CC. Watery diarrhea, with blood or pus or mucus
- DD. Colonization or invasion of intestinal mucosa (entheropatic Escherichia coli, Shigella)
- EE. Duration of a few days
- FF. Risk factors: travel, common food source
- GG. Associated with abdominal pain relieved with defecation
- HI. Normal or slightly elevated temperature
- IJ. Watery diarrhea, without blood or pus or mucus
16316. Among the causes of hematemesis and melena are:
- AA. Pleural mesothelioma
- BB. Hiatal hernia
- CC. Laryngeal tumor
- DD. Broncho-pulmonary cancer
- EF. Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- FG. Gastric varices
- GH. Renal artery aneurysm
- HI. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- IJ. Esophageal varices
17317. To locate abdominal diseases, the clinical topography of the abdomen is useful, which includes the
following landmarks:- AA. Right fank: ascending colon
- BB. Mesogastrum: the duodenum
- CC. Right hypochondrum: left hepatic lobe
- DD. Right iliac fossa: sigmoid colon
- EE. Epigastrum: the pancreas
- FG. Hypogastrum: urinary bladder
- GH. Left hypochondrum: the tail of the pancreas
- HI. Right hypochondrum: right angle of the colon
18318. The following are clinical signs of liver cirrhosis
- AA. Jaundice
- BB. Chronic venous insufciency
- CC. Orthopnea
- DD. Vertigo
- EE. Palmar erythema
- FF. Abdominal porto-caval colateral circulation
- GH. Spider angioma
- HJ. Flapping tremor
19319. Which diseases can cause vomiting?
- AA. Gastric ulcer
- BB. Acute pancreatitis
- CC. Chronic hepatitis
- DD. Pyloric stenosis
- EE. Esophageal stenosis
- FF. Chronic macrocytic anemia
- GG. Intestinal oclusion
- HJ. Biliary colic
20320. The following disease can cause rectal bleeding:
- AA. Rectal polyps
- BB. Severe esophagitis
- CC. Duodenal ulcer
- DD. Gastrocolic fstula
- EE. Ischemic colitis
- FF. Rectal carcinoma
- GG. Ulcerative colitis
- HH. Small bowell angiodysplazia
- II. Hemorrhoidal disease
21321. Pyrosis:
- AA. It is emphasized in dorsal decubitus
- BB. Represents pain in the left fank
- CC. It represents the diffculty when swallowing food
- DD. Occurs in renal colic
- EE. Represents the retrosternal painful sensation with a burning character
- FF. It is similar to odinophagia
- GH. It is emphasized postprandial
- HI. It is encountered in gastroesophageal refux disease
- IJ. It is found in esophageal ulcers
22322. Dysphagia:
- AA. May occur in neoplasia
- BB. Is the medical term for swollowing diffculties
- CC. May occur in strokes
- DD. Represents pain when swallowing
- EE. Represents vomiting blood
- FF. It represents the elimination of blood by coughing
- GH. It is the sensation that food is stuck along the esophagus
- HJ. May occur in cases of goiter
23323. Exploring the digestive system includes:
- AA. Thoracic computed tomography
- BB. Abdominal ultrasound
- CC. Lower digestive endoscopy
- DD. Upper digestive endoscopy
- EE. Knee MRI
- FG. Rectal digital exam
- GH. Eso-gastro-duodenal radiological examination
- HI. Cardiac ultrasonography
24324. Acute abdominal pain can have the following causes:
- AA. Thrombosis of the lower limbs
- BB. Gastroesophageal refux disease
- CC. Essential hypertension
- DD. Intestinal occlusion
- EE. Biliary colic
- FF. Nephrotic colic
- GH. Acute pancreatitis
- HI. Peptic ulcer
25325. Hematemesis:
- AA. Can be caused by peptic ulcer
- BB. Represents the elimination of black, tarry stools
- CC. Frequently the patient is bradycardic with high blood pressure
- DD. Blood can bright red or digested
- EF. Represents vomiting of blood
- FG. Represents vomiting of fresh blood, light red or dark red
- GH. Represents a medical emergency
- HI. Is not an emergency
26326. The following statements are true regarding hematemesis:
- AA. One cause that must be distinguished from hematemesis is represented by bleeding gums
- BB. Represents the urge to consume fuids
- CC. Upper digestive endoscopy is not used in this situation
- DD. There is no risk of relapse
- EF. Differential diagnosis must be made with hemoptysis
- FG. Esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis may be a cause for hematemesis
- GH. Differential diagnosis is made with swallowed epistaxis
- HJ. The patient should be evaluated by upper digestive endoscopy in the frst 24-48 hours
27327. Regarding abdomen topography:
- AA. The descending colon is located in the left fank
- BB. It is divided into 3 horizontal lines and 3 vertical lines
- CC. In the right hypochondrium are located the right hepatic lobe, the gallbladder, the right angle of the
colon and the right kidney - DD. The abdomen is divided into 12 topographical areas
- EE. The abdomen is divided into 9 topographical areas
- FF. The spleen is located in the right hypochondrium
- GG. It is divided by 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines
- HH. The sigmoid colon is localised in the left iliac fossa
28328. Among the causes of hematemesis we can mention:
- AA. Bronchopulmonary neoplasm
- BB. Gastric neoplasm
- CC. Pneumothorax
- DD. Gastric ulcer
- EE. Duodenal ulcer
- FH. Pulmonary infarction
- GI. Hemorrhagic gastritis
- HJ. Esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis
29329. Dysphagia:
- AA. It is only for liquids
- BB. Represents retrosternal burning sensation
- CC. It must be differentiated from "globus hystericus"
- DD. Can be selective, for solids
- EG. Dysphagia always occurs in benign affections
- FH. Represents the diffculty of swallowing food
- GI. Neuromuscular disorders can cause dysphagia
- HJ. High dysphagia may be associated with nasal elimination of food and saliva
30330. Regarding the tongue examination:
- AA. Depapilated tongue: smooth, glossy, red – appears in Biermer anemia
- BB. Glossodinia is the painful burning sensation localized in the tongue
- CC. Depapilated tongue : smooth, glossy, red- appears in candida albicans
- DD. Glossodinia appears in patients with peripheral artery disease
- EE. Syphilis can cause changes of the tongue
- FG. Glossodinia is a strong indicator of acute myocardial infarction
- GH. Macroglossia represents the increased volume of the tongue
- HI. Strawberry tongue appears in scarlet fever, liver failure
31331. Regarding pathological aspects when examining the teeth
- AA. Periodontosis is characterized by spontaneous tooth loss
- BB. The Hutchinson triad includes: the upper incisors are large, with a free edge in the shape of a crescent,
implanted more often, with longitudinal striations - CC. Periodontitis can not be present in diabetes mellitus
- DD. The Hutchinson Triad is represented by: the upper incisors are small, with a crescent-shaped free edge,
implanted less often, with transverse and longitudinal striations associated with interstitial keratitis and
deafness - EE. Microdontia does not represent a change in volume and appearance
- FF. Macrodontia is a change in volume and appearance
- GH. Implantation abnormalities occur in congenital syphilis
- HJ. Among the pathological aspects, dental caries also occurs
32332. Among the causes of frequent gastrointestinal abdominal pain we can mention :
- AA. Pneumonia
- BB. Intestinal infarction
- CC. Diabetul zaharat
- DD. Nephrotic colic
- EF. Renal infarction
- FG. Intestinal occlusion
- GH. Acute appendicitis
- HI. Food poisoning
- IJ. Perforated gastric/duodenal ulcer
33333. Chronic abdominal pain can be caused by:
- AA. Perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer
- BB. Primitive peritonitis
- CC. Gastroesophageal refux
- DD. Acute appendicitis
- EE. Uncomplicated gastric ulcer
- FF. Lythiasic cholecystopathy
- GG. Uncomplicated duodenal ulcer
- HH. Chronic pancreatitis
34334. Related to the inspection of the abdomen we can affrm that:
- AA. On inspection, the lower limbs are not fexed
- BB. The patient is examined only in orthostatism
- CC. The navel appears in the form of a slightly depressed scar
- DD. In newborns and children the abdomen is convex, in adults it is fat
- EE. The patient is examined in right lateral decubitus
- FF. The patient is examined in dorsal decubitus
- GG. The patient must be completely naked / the abdomen unveiled
- HH. The color of the skin is white-pink
- II. The patient can be examined in orthostatism
35335. The increase in volume of the abdomen occurs in:
- AA. Pregnancy
- BB. Alopecia
- CC. Massive tumors
- DD. Flatulence
- EE. Pyloric stenosis
- FF. Inanition
- GG. Ascites
- HH. Obesity
36336. When ascultating the abdomen:
- AA. In renal artery stenosis murmurs can occurs paraombilical
- BB. In intestinal occlusion we have the absence of hydroaeric noises
- CC. In the intestinal occlusionwe encounter hydro-air noises of high intensity
- DD. Normally we encounter hydro-air noises of low intensity and short duration
- EE. In perisplenite and liver infarctions appear peritoneal rubs
- FF. Generalized peritonitis is characterized by "silent abdomen" by the absence of hydro-air noises
- GG. Intestinal occlusion is characterized by "silent abdomen"
- HH. Naturally, hydro-air noises are of high intensity and long duration
37337. Nausea:
- AA. It can also be triggered by a purely psychic mechanism
- BB. It occurs only in digestive disorders
- CC. It cannot be triggered by a psychic mechanism
- DD. It occurs in most digestive disorders
- EE. Can precede regurgitation
- FF. It represents a feeling of revulsion towards food
- GH. It is translated as the need to vomit, felt in the pharynx or epigastrium
- HJ. It can precede the vomiting
38338. On deep palpation of the abdomen:
- AA. The patient's position will be decubitus laterally right
- BB. Psudotumoral formations cannot be highlighted by deep palpation
- CC. Normally we manage to palpate the carotid sinus
- DD. We obtain information about the intra-abdominal organs and their affections
- EE. It is practiced in the continuation of superfcial palpation
- FF. It penetrates gently, progressively, in depth
- GH. Normally we manage to palpate the left lobe of the liver
- HI. We obtain information of the veins of the lower limbs
- IJ. In pathological conditions, we can detect intra-abdominal tumors
39339. Abdominal fatulence:
- AA. The intensity can be mild, moderate and intense
- BB. Can be localized or generalized
- CC. Appears only a jejunum
- DD. Cannot be generalized
- EE. May occur postprandial (early and late) or permanently
- FG. At percussion of the abdomen does not appear eardrum
- GH. Represents the increase of the gas volume of the digestive tract
- HI. At the inspection we can observe the increase in volume of the abdomen
40340. Topography of the abdomen:
- AA. The division is made by 3 vertical lines and 2 horizontal lines
- BB. It is divided into 3 topographical areas
- CC. The pancreas is located at the level of the hypogastrium
- DE. The upper abdomen includes: right hypochondrium, left hypochondrium and epigastrium
- EF. Topographic division of the abdomen helps us to locate abdominal disorders
- FG. It is divided into 9 topographical areas
- GH. The left fank comprises the right hepatic lobe and gallbladder
- HI. At the level of the left iliac fossa is the sigmoid colon
- IJ. The division is made by 2 vertical lines and 2 horizontal lines
41341. At the level of the left hypochondrium we can find:
- AA. Gallbladder
- BB. The left angle of the colon
- CC. Right kidney
- DD. Pelvis
- EE. Tail of the pancreas
- FF. Sigmoid colon
- GG. Spleen
- HH. Left kidney
- II. Great gastric tuberosity
42342. In the epigastric area we can find:
- AA. Bladder
- BB. Segment I of the duodenum
- CC. Gallbladder
- DD. Left hepatic lobe
- EE. 3/4 of the stomach
- FG. Left kidney
- GH. Pancreas
- HI. Hepatic hilum
43343. Abdominal pain:
- AA. Can be produced by perforation of the cavitary organs
- BB. The appendicular disease has as its unique starting point the right iliac fossa
- CC. It cannot have a vascular cause
- DD. Requires careful clinical examination and a thorough anamnesis
- EE. It may have accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- FH. It is a polymorphic symptom
- GG. It can be improved by constant mobilization and deep breathing
- HI. Can have vascular, visceral or irradiating origin from the extra- abdominal organs
44344. Vomiting:
- AA. In diabetic ketoacidosis they have a rancid smell
- BB. From pyloric stenosis, appear immediately after a meal
- CC. Fecaloid type appears in intestinal occlusions
- DD. It represents the forced elimination, through the mouth, of the gastrointestinal contents
- EE. Central type are preceded by nausea
- FF. Repeated can cause dehydration
- GI. They are accompanied by severe malnutrition in gastric ulcer
- HJ. From pyloric stenosis appear late postprandial and are abundant
45345. Anorexia:
- AA. Nervous type is found with a predilection in the elderly
- BB. It appears only in acute diseases of the digestive tract
- CC. It is a specifc symptom of digestive disorders
- DD. It's the diminishing to extinction of the feeling of hunger
- EE. It must be differentiated from sitophobia, where the appetite is preserved
- FF. May be selective, for certain types of food
- GH. It is selective when there is a loss of appetite for certain foods - meat and fat – in gastric cancer
- HI. Nervous type has psychological causes and occurs especially in young women
46346. Hematemesis:
- A346. Hematemesis:
A. Common causes include reflux esophagitis - BB. It is the manifestation of a lower digestive tract haemorrhage
- CC. It represents the elimination of blood, through vomiting, from the digestive tract
- DD. It has a similar character to haemoptysis, with which it is often confused
- EE. It is the manifestation of an upper digestive hemorrhage
- FF. Occurs in Crohn's disease
- GG. Appears as vomit with digested blood, in "coffee grounds"
- HI. It can occur after long-term use of NSAIDs
- IJ. Among the most common causes are gastric ulcers
- A346. Hematemesis:
47347. Melena:
- A347. Melena:
A. Represents the elimination of black, soft, shiny, "oil-like" stools - BB. It occurs due to digested blood in the digestive tract
- CC. Unlike hematemesis, it does not occur after prolonged NSAID administration
- DF. It occurs in rectal cancer
- EF. It occurs in rectal cancer
G. It occurs regardless of the amount of blood lost - FH. It must be distinguished from black stool secondary to the ingestion of certain foods or treatment with iron
- GI. It can occur secondary to the rupture of oesophageal varices
- HJ. It is the manifestation of an upper digestive tract haemorrhage
- A347. Melena:
48348. Objective examination of the abdomen:
- AA. Follows the mobilization of the abdomen with breathing, being absent in peritonitis
- BB. Abdomen 'in the pit' appears in the case of ascites fluid
- CC. It can highlight arterial pulsations in the epigastric area, a constant sign of aortic aneurysm
- DD. Also evaluate the umbilical area, a common site for hernias
- EG. It can reveal symmetrical deformations of the abdomen due to subcutaneous and previsceral fat
- FH. Peristaltic movements are often visible
- GI. May reveal symmetrical deformities in massive tumors
- HJ. Followa the familiar steps: inspection, palpation, percussion, ascultation
49349. Palpation of the abdomen:
- AA. It can be monomanual or bimanual
- BB. It assesses the size and contour of the abdominal formations, not their consistency
- CC. Does not include palpation of hernia points
- DD. It covers the entire abdominal surface
- EE. Includes assessment of the cystic point at the intersection of the right midclavicular line with the right costal
border - FG. It starts in the right iliac fossa, or the painless area
- GI. Includes palpation of the McBurney point, at the junction of the lower 1/3 with the middle 1/3 on the left
spino-umbilical line - HJ. It allows the appreciation of the tone of the abdominal wall
50350. Abdominal percussion:
- AA. Produces a dull sound over the entire abdominal surface
- BB. highlights ascites as a non-displaceable opacity on the fanks
- CC. Dullness occurs in ascites, tumors
- DD. Objectives diffuse tympanism in pneumoperitoneum
- EE. The wave sign is present with ascites fuid
- FF. It can be done radially (from the navel in all directions), cruciform (on the perpendicular lines intersected
by the navel) - GI. Localized tympanism is characteristic of pneumoperitoneum
- HJ. Produces a sonorous, tympanic sound
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- medium semiomed sem1 Quiz am bulk7, erstellt von Smaranda Grigorescu am 12/01/2026.
- Autor
- Smaranda Grigorescu
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Schlagwörter
- Bewertung
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