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Quiz von adreelucas, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Frage 1
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Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?
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direct observation of genetic changes in populations
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sharing of characteristics between organisms
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the fossil record
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all of the above
Frage 2
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In natural selection,
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the genetic composition of the population changes randomly over time
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new mutations are generated over time
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all individuals in a population are equally likely to contribute offspring to the next generation
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individuals that possess particular inherited characteristics consistently survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals
Frage 3
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Adaptive traits
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are features of an organism that hinder its performance in its environment
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are rare in most natural populations
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are favored by natural selection
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result from genetic drift
Frage 4
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The fossil record shows that the first mammals evolved 220 million years ago. The supercontinent Pangea began to break apart 200 million years ago. Therefore, fossils of the first mammals should be found
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on most if not all of the current continents
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only in Antartica
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on only one or a few continents
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only in Africa
Frage 5
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The fact that the flipper of a whale and the arm of a human both have five digits and the same set of bones can be used to illustrate that
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genetic drift can cause the evolution of populations
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organisms can share characteristics simply because the share a common ancestor
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whales evolved from humans
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humans evolved from whales
Frage 6
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The Galapagos Islands provide examples of
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microevolution only
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macroevolution only
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both micro- and macroevolutionary change
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none of the above
Frage 7
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Differences in survival and reproduction caused by chance events can cause the genetic makeup of a population to change randomly over time. This process is called
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mutation
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natural selection
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macroevolution
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genetic drift
Frage 8
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The splitting of one species into two or more species is called
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speciation
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macroevolution
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common descent
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adaptation
Frage 9
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Features of organisms that are related to one another through common descent are
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convergent
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homologous
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divergent
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analogous
Frage 10
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Artificial selection is the process by which
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Natural selection fails to act in wild populations
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humans prevent natural selection
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humans allow only organisms with specific characteristics to breed
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humans cause genetic drift in domesticated populations
Frage 11
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A population of 1,500 individuals has 375 individuals of genotype AA, 750 individuals of genotype Aa, and 375 individuals of genotype aa. The genotype frequencies for genotypes AA, Aa, and aa are
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0.33, 0.33, 0.33
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0.25, 0.50, 0.25
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0.375, 0.75, 0.375
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0.125, 0.25, 0.125
Frage 12
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A population of toads has 280 individuals of genotype AA, 80 individuals of genotype Aa, and 60 individuals of genotype aa. What is the frequency of the a allele?
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0.24
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0.33
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0.14
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0.07
Frage 13
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A study of a population of the goldenrod Solidago altissima finds that large individuals consistently survive at a higher rate than small individuals. Assuming size is and inherited trait, the lost likely evolutionary mechanism at work here is
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disruptive selection
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directional selection
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stabilizing selection
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natural selection, but it is not possible to tell whether it is disruptive, directional, or stabilizing
Frage 14
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Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1) to solve the following problem: If the frequency of the A allele is 0.7 and the frequency of the a allele is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of the genotype Aa in a population that is not evolving?
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Over time, a population of birds ranges in size from 10 to 20 individuals. If allele frequencies were observed to change in a random way from year to year, which of the following would be the most likely cause of the observed changes in gene frequency?
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stabilizing selection
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disruptive selection
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genetic drift
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mutation
Frage 15
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Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1) to solve the following problem: If the frequency of the A allele is 0.7 and the frequency of the a allele is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of the genotype Aa in a population that is not evolving?
Antworten
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Over time, a population of birds ranges in size from 10 to 20 individuals. If allele frequencies were observed to change in a random way from year to year, which of the following would be the most likely cause of the observed changes in gene frequency?
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stabilizing selection
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disruptive selection
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genetic drift
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mutation
Frage 16
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Two large populations of a species found in neighboring locations with different environments are observed to become genetically more similar over time. Which evolutionary mechanism is the most likely cause of this trend?
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gene flow
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mutation
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natural selection
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genetic drift
Frage 17
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Two large populations of a species found in neighboring locations with different environments are observed to become genetically more similar over time. Which evolutionary mechanism is the most likely cause of this trend?
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gene flow
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mutation
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natural selection
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genetic drift
Frage 18
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Assume that individuals of genotype Aa are intermediate in size and they leave more offspring than either AA or aa individuals do. This situation is an example of.
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directional selection
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disruptive selection
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stabilizing selection
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sexual selection
Frage 19
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The process by which differences in inherited characteristics of individuals cause them to differ in their ability to get mates is most accurately called
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natural selection
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reproductive success
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mate choice
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sexual selection
Frage 20
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The splitting of one species to form two or more species most commonly occurs
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by sympatric speciation
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by genetic drift
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by allopatric speciation
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suddenly
Frage 21
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The time required for populations to diverge to form new species
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varies from a single generation to millions of years
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is always greater in plants than in animals
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is never less than 100,000 years
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is never more than 1,000 years
Frage 22
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Adaptations
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match organisms closely to their environment
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are often complex
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help the organism accomplish important functions
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all of the above
Frage 23
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Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to reproduction have the effect of
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reducing genetic differences between populations
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increasing the chance of hybridization
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preventing speciation
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reducing or preventing gene flow between species
Frage 24
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Evidence urges that sympatric speciation may have occurred or may be in progress in all of the following except
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the apple maggot fly
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squirrel on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon
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cichlid fishes
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polyploid plants (or their ancestors)
Frage 25
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The diploid number of chromosomes in plant species A is 8; the diploid number in plants species B is 16. If plant species C originated when a hybrid between A and B spontaneously doubled its chromosome number, what is the most likely number of diploid chromosomes in C?
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8
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12
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24
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48
Frage 26
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The diploid number of chromosomes in plant species A is 8; the diploid number in plants species B is 16. If plant species C originated when a hybrid between A and B spontaneously doubled its chromosome number, what is the most likely number of diploid chromosomes in C?
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8
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12
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24
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48
Frage 27
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The biological species concept
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can be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually
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can be applied to fossil life forms
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would classify two natural populations, A and B, as separate species if A and B are separated by a geographical barrier
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would classify two natural populations, A and B, as separate species if A and B are unable to exchange genes even if they co-occur
Frage 28
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The biological species concept
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can be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually
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can be applied to fossil life forms
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would classify two natural populations, A and B, as separate species if A and B are separated by a geographical barrier
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would classify two natural populations, A and B, as separate species if A and B are unable to exchange genes even if they co-occur
Frage 29
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Lake Victoria cichlids
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exhibit low rates of speciation compared to most other fishes
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exhibit high rates of speciation because of polyploidy
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have evolved into many species in part because females choose mates by specific color patterns that males display
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have diverged into many species because females have different feeding behaviors than males
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